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Notes on Traditional Uses of Khair (Acacia catechu Willd.) by Inhabitants of Shivalik Range in Western Himalaya
No full textThe article deals with the importance of Khair (also known as Catechu) in the life
of rural and tribal communities inhabiting Shivalik range in western Himalaya, India.
Catechu, a multipurpose tree species is widely used by the inhabitants for fodder, fuel,
building material and in health care. Information on traditional uses and socioeconomic
importance of A. catechu were provided with reference to natives inhabiting foothills
of
Shivalik range in western Hiamlaya, India
Molecular characterization of Apple scar skin viroid from Himalayan wild cherry
No full textHimalayan wild cherry (Prunus cerasoides), widely distributed in the Himalayas, was examined for viroid infection. Two of 15 samples collected
from various regions of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India gave positive amplification with primers specific for three fruit tree viroids.
Sequencing of these two amplicons confirmed the presence of ASSVd in Himalayan wild cherry and share 99% identity. The isolates share
91–98% sequence identity with reported sequences from Greece of sweet cherry, Prunus avium, cv. Tragana Edissis (acc. no. FN376408,
FN376409, FJ974069) and wild cherry, P. avium, originated from seedlings (acc. no. FJ974062, FJ974063 and GQ249350). They also share 98%
sequence identity with an Indian isolate of ASSVd (acc. no. FN547407). The present study reports the presence of ASSVd in Himalayan wild cherry.
Prunus cerasoides, the Himalayan wild cherry is member of the family Rosaceae. It is found in Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, West
China and India (Collett 1921; Polunin and Stainton 1984 and Gaur 1999). In India, the plant is restricted to submontane and
montane Himalayas ranging from 1500 to 2400 m above sea level. Apart from being of medicinal value (Kartikar et al. 1981), it
is also used as rootstock for cultivation of cherries in Himachal Pradesh (Singh et al. 1971). About 8000 t per annum of cherry
is produced in India including sour cherry (Anonymous, 2005: http://faostat.fao.org/site/340/DesktopDefault.aspx?
PageID=340). Viroids cause serious economic losses in plants as their symptoms mostly appear on the fruits. In perennial
crops like stone and pome fruits, these infections tend to cause serious damage in comparison with annuals. Viroids can also be
latent in plants, spreading through orchards and causing damage, sometimes without the grower�s knowledge. Apple scar skin
viroid (ASSVd) is major viroid infecting apple and is the type species of the genus Apscaviroid (family Pospiviroidae). This 330
nt-long viroid induces serious diseases on pome fruit trees, such as apple scar skin, dapple apple, pear rusty skin and pear
dimple fruit in Europe, Asia and North America (Hashimoto and Koganezawa 1987; Hadidi et al. 1990; Zhu et al. 1995; Osaki
et al. 1996; Koganezawa et al. 2003; Kyriakopoulou et al. 2003; Shamloul et al. 2004; Hadidi and Barba 2011). ASSVd has been
reported in apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus communis, P. pyrifolia), wild apple (Malus sylvestris) and wild pear
(P. amygdaliformis) (Kyriakopoulou and Hadidi 1998; Kyriakopoulou et al. 2001, 2003; Koganezawa et al. 2003; Boubourakas
et al. 2008). Recently, it was reported in Chinese peach and apricot from Sinkiang (Zhao and Niu 2006, 2008) and cherry
(Prunus avium) (Kaponi et al. 2010). Because Himalayan wild cherry is known to be reservoirs for viruses like Apple chlorotic
leaf spot virus (Rana et al. 2008) and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (Chandel et al. 2007), a survey was undertaken to examine
the viroids infecting the Himalayan wild cherry. In context of our research on viroid infecting Indian apple, ASSVd was initially
reported on apple from India causing severe symptoms of dappling and scarring on apple fruits (Walia et al. 2008) thus we
were keen to know that does viroids particularly ASSVd also infects the Himalayan wild cherry and produces symptoms typical
of ASSVd infectio
