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Restricting the Scope of “Illegitimate Gains-Seeking” in Bribery Crime
Get PDFIn judicial practice, the inclusion of obtaining legitimate benefits through illegitimate means within the connotation of “illegitimate gains-seeking” has appeared. After comparing and analyzing various theories, it has been found that the essence of “illegitimate gains-seeking” consists of two aspects. Firstly, “seeking” has subjective attributes and requires the actor to be aware of the basic bribery fact, recognize the object and purpose of bribery, and intentionally hope or allow the actual occurrence of harmful legal interests. Secondly, illegitimate gains are objective, real, and not transferable by human will, including “substantive impropriety”, “means impropriety”, “competitive advantage seeking” and “emotional investment”. By determining the types of “illegitimate gains-seeking”, it is revealed that there are four distinct categories. Whether obtaining legitimate benefits through improper means is within the scope of “seeking illegitimate gains”, it is necessary to examine whether the perpetrator subjectively believes that they have no other choice but to bribe in order to achieve their legitimate interests
Interface Studies on Inferential Model of Conversational Implicature
Get PDFIn Grice’s Theory (1975), “conversational implicature” denotes what people tend to imply in conversation. However, the vague classification of conversational implicature has prompted post-Gricean studies from various perspectives. To present the development of an inferential model of conversational implicature, this paper summarizes three perspectives on interface study. Among them are semantics-pragmatics interface, cognition-pragmatics interface, and grammar-pragmatics interface. It finds that, these inferential models of three interfaces all focus on pragmatic factors. From general principles to specific frameworks, the development trend of inferential models is increasingly simplified, specific, clear and persuasive
A Brief Analysis of the Structural Devices in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Get PDFIn this article, we have analyzed the structural devices Shakespeare has applied to A Midsummer Night’s Dream, by using formalistic criticism. The structural devices the great master has used are mainly dramatic plots with the focuses on dramatic conflicts, dramatic irony and thematic concerns.The central component of dramatic plot is its dramatic conflict. The causes of dramatic conflicts are disorder among characters. The five stages of dramatic conflicts are the same with dramatic plots. They are exposition, rising actions, climax, falling actions and conclusion. The conclusion or denouement for comedy is that a comedy tends to endorse the values of society, sometimes at the expense of individual needs or values. Dramatic irony is another useful structural device. It means the fulfillment of a plan, action or expectation in a surprising way, often the opposite of what the characters intend. Thematic concerns are plots or dramatic actions to be put together and lead to the revelation of the theme
A Study on the Characteristics and Translation of Chinese Ceramic Terms From the Perspective of Terminology
Get PDFChinese traditional ceramic terms are the core concepts in Chinese ceramic culture, carrying rich cultural connotations and historical values, but there are still some problems in their English translations, such as mistranslations, redundant translations and low acceptability of translation, which hinder the foreign exchange of ceramic culture to a certain extent, and the external publicity of museums and cultural institutions is not ideal. This paper selects three ceramic classics in the middle and late Qing Dynasty and their English versions widely spread in the western world as the source to build a Chinese-English parallel corpus of ceramic classics, guided by the theory of terminology, and takes the characteristics of terms in ceramic classics as the object of investigation to explain their connotations and English translation rules
The Spiritual Journey in T.S. Eliot’s “The Journey of the Magi”: A Psychological Approach
Get PDFT.S. Eliot’s poem “The Journey of the Magi,” published in 1927, delves deeply into the themes of spiritual and existential development as it recounts the challenging voyage of the Magi to see the birth of Christ. This study examines how Eliot’s modernist approaches mirror the overarching themes of existential alienation and the quest for significance in a society characterised by fragmentation. The value of this research is in its placement within modernist literature, where the poem functions as a critical examination of the modernist obsession with disillusionment and the search for meaning. A Psychological approached is used to analyse the spirituality of the poem
Exploring Ecological Resilience in Annie Proulx’s Barkskins: A Bioregional Perspective
Get PDFThis study presents an eco-critical analysis of Annie Proulx’s novel Barkskins, leveraging key ecocritical perspectives alongside three pivotal bioregional principles: dwelling (inhabiting a place), sustainability (preserving natural resources for future generations), and reinhabitation (remediating past environmental harm). Through a detailed examination of the depiction of environmental boundaries, landscapes, indigenous flora, industrial practices, local cultures, and fauna within the narrative, this research elucidates the manner in which a novel may signify a profound sense of reverence toward the natural world. By subtly weaving the ecological themes throughout her Pulitzer Prize-winning work, Proulx seems to be able to instigate a subconscious awakening of the reader’s environmental consciousness. Amid environmental challenges and disconnection from nature, literary works such as Barkskins could serve as powerful tools for promoting ecological awareness. Proulx excels in ‘nature writing’ by skillfully integrating language and geography in the novel. Through rich ecological terms, she immerses readers in wilderness and prompts reflection on their relationship with the environment. The use of vivid imagery and metaphors enhances the reader’s engagement with ecological themes. This analysis hints at a bioregional perspective in the narrative, challenging regionalist views of the author’s work
Workers Retirement in Nigeria: A Pleasant Experience?
Get PDFThis study examined workers’ perceptions of retirement with some conditions that could make it either pleasant or disgusting in south-western, Nigeria. These were intended to disseminate knowledge about retirement, the crises that comes with it, and the steps that should be taken as part of self-retirement plans to prevent problems after retirement. The study as well assessed near-retirement workers self-mitigative measures being taken to forestall crisis and unpleasant experiences after retirement. The study adopted a descriptive research design using quantitative approach. The population consisted of all the principals, teachers of secondary schools as well as some retired teachers in south-west, Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 1,095 teachers from three states (Ogun, Osun & Ekiti) purposively selected for the study. A self-designed research instrument titled: Workers’ Retirement Questionnaire (WRQ) was used to elicit information for the study. Results on retirement perceptions showed different views such as total departure from paid work (78.4%), as an immediate change in life (63%), and a time one needs another means of financial sustenance (63.4%). On commonly experienced issues, findings showed issues such as non-payment of pensions and gratuities to time accompanied by untold hardship (84.3%), increased economic stress (75.3%), psychological tortures (63.2%), and inadequate care and poor family support (60%). As regards threats being envisaged by serving workers, reslts showed that inconsistent salaries and nonconformity with the stipulated minimum wage (62.5%); politicisation and marginalisation of labour unions (59.7%); inability of labour laws to protect workers’ rights against abuses (59.7%), and corrupt practices among retirement administration authorities (62.2%). Finally, on mitigative measures, results showed savings into retirement accounts via a comprehensive retirement plans (61.5%); exercising one’s mind by learning something new (54.2%), and maximising one’s income sources (61.3%). The study, therefore, concluded that retirement for workers in Nigeria could be seen as both a curse and a blessing but with proper planning and support, retirement can be a time of fulfilment and enjoyment. This is however dependent upon a strong political will and governmental commitment
The Effect of Currency Redesign on Inflation in Yenagoa Local Government Area
Get PDFThe study investigated the effect of currency redesign on inflation in Yenagoa Local Government Area. The objectives of the study are to examine the effect of currency redesign on food prices, service cost and savings. Based on the set objectives of the study, three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated for the study. The survey design was used in the study while the sample comprised 357 participants. A structured questionnaire containing 16 items was use as instrument for data collection and descriptive statistical tool and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics were used for data analysis and test the hypothesis. The finding revealed that currency redesign has a negative but significant relationship with food prices, currency redesign has a negative but significant relationship with service cost and currency redesign has a negative but significant relationship with savings. The conclusion drawn therefore was that currency redesign has further increased the inflation in Yenagoa metropolis. It is recommended that government should ensure adequate food security before carrying out future redesign of the currency and adequate and long-term planning must be undertaken before embarking on currency redesign in the country to avoid unnecessary hardship for the Nigerian people amongst others
Exploration and Practice of a Multimodal Collaborative Teaching Model: A Case Study of the “Silicate Petrology” Course
Get PDFSilicate Petrology is a foundational course in the Engineering of Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials program, essential for equipping scientists and engineers with the professional knowledge required for research and production in inorganic materials. Traditional teaching methods have faced significant challenges, including misalignment with industry needs, lack of relevance, limited student engagement, and inadequate objectivity, all of which hinder the development of innovative, application-oriented talent. In response, the course team implemented the principles of New Engineering Education, emphasizing “Outcome-Based Education (OBE)” and “Course Ideological and Political Education (CPE)” to align the curriculum with industry advancements and disciplinary demands. This restructuring led to a teaching model defined by “One Core, Three Phases, Five Modules, and Full Process.” This student-centered model integrates OBE, CPE, blended learning, and virtual simulations to form a collaborative, modular approach. Additionally, the “Two-Dimensional Multi-Aspect” evaluation method promotes higher-order skill development and a holistic educational experience. The revised model has been successfully implemented, demonstrating significant impact and widespread applicability
An Analysis of the Revolt of Black People in Song of Solomon Based on Bakhtin’s Carnival Theory
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyze the rebellious acts of black people on the basis of Bakhtin’s carnival theory. The world in Song of Solomon is put into a carnival world. According to Bakhtin’s carnival theory, the carnival square, carnival activities and the carnival spirits are fundamental elements for a carnival festival. The town where black people live is the carnival square. It has the characteristics of wide covering range of people, duality and irony, and most of the rebellious acts happen here. Carnival activities are expressed through acts of resistance. There are two main carnival acts of revolt in this book. The first is the decrowning of Macon Dead and the crowning of Guitar, both of which signify the rebellion of black community against internal and external oppression. The second act is the carnival death of Robert Smith. The death of Robert Smith leads to the birth of Milkman, the one who finds out the mystery of flying African. The final results of black people’s rebel are the subversion of fantasy and reconstruction of family link. In the end, black people eventually find the very path towards change and new life