Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs (JCUA - Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa Üniversitesi)
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Evaluation Rainfall Regime at the Hydroelectric Power Plant toward Climate Change
No full textThe hydroelectric plants are first in the Brazilian energy matrix, so irregularities in the rainfall regime can affect the energy generation, thus evidencing the need to know the rainfall distribution in the studied area. This work aimed to evaluate possible analysis of the impacts of climate change on the rainfall regime in the Machadinho hydroelectric region. For the research development, the IPCC-AR5 pessimistic scenario was used, representing a scenario with a continuous population growth and high carbon dioxide emissions. From the historical series and organized projections, precipitation anomalies were calculated. Analyzing the difference between the average of the month and the climatological normal, it was inferred that the model used presented a positive trend for precipitation in the period from 2026 - 2100, projecting anomalies between 25 and 200 mm per month. A greater amplitude is observed in the precipitation of 2076-2100, indicating an increase in the occurrence of extreme events of precipitation, mainly in the spring period. Considering that the rains in the Machadinho hydroelectric region are increasing in the scenarios analyzed, the average water level in the reservoir of the plant tends to increase
An agenda for the Management of contemporary Sustainable houses
No full textThe evolution of sustainable design and Construction Management over the past ten years has produced a lot of literature on environmental sustainability and development. But despite this progress in the last ten years, it is still a big challenge to designers, architects, landscape designers, etc. and all other professions that are related to the field of environmental science. . The goal of this paper is to simply create a framework for a more accurate approach towards sustainable planning, design and development. The Objective of this paper includes to architecturally defining energy sustainable design in our sustainable Buildings; it is also to stress the concept of green building through design guidelines. This paper outlines, recommend and also create an architectural design for sustainability and eliminate unsustainable elements in our building
Density, Energy and Metabolism of a proposed smart city
No full textThis paper reports on a detailed analysis of the metabolism of the Island City of Mumbai should the Indian Government’s proposal for ‘smart’ cities be implemented. It focuses on the environmental impact of increased population density achieved by demolishing existing medium-rise (3-5 storey) housing and replacing it with the proposed high-rise (40-60 storey) towers. The resulting increase in density places a burden on the demand on such things as electricity and water and simultaneously increases the output flows of drainage, solid waste and greenhouse gas production.An extended urban metabolism analysis is carried out on a proposed development in Mumbai (Bhendi Bazaar) that has been put forward as an exemplar case study by the Government. The flows of energy, water and wastes are calculated based on precedents and from first principles. The results of the case study are then extrapolated across the City in order to identify the magnitude of increased demands and wastes should the ‘smart’ city proposals be fully realised. Mumbai is the densest city in the world. It already suffers from repeated blackouts, water rationing and inadequate waste and sewage treatment. The results of the study indicate, on a per capita basis, increasing density will have a significant further detrimental effect on the environment
Global Warming and Climate Change: A Critique on International Law and Policy
No full textGlobal warming and climate change, a multidisciplinary topic is a matter of international concern. There are some international environmental treaties related to global warming and climate change. The most significant international agreement in this area is - UNFCCC - the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and ratified by 195 countries. It mainly deals with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The Kyoto Protocol which extends the 1992 UNFCC mandates State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: its two basic premises are - global warming exists, and human-made CO2 emissions caused global warming. The Kyoto Protocol came into force in 2005 and each COP has served as the ‘meeting of parties’ to Kyoto Protocol such as COP13 (Bali, 2007), COP15 (Copenhagen, 2009), COP16 (Cancun, 2010), COP17 (Durban, 2011), COP18 (Doha, 2012), COP19 (Warsaw, 2013), COP21 and (Paris, 2015). There are other international legal instruments such as the 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Against this backdrop, this paper will critically examine the existing international legal regime (treaties, conventions, agreements, etc.) on global warming and climate change
Exergy analysis of a flat plate solar collector with latent heat storage by phase change material for water heating applications at low temperature
Get PDFAn exergy analysis has been performed to determine the potential for useful work in a latent heat storage system with phase change material (PCM) for a flat-plate solar collector. Commercial paraffin wax is used as PCM to store and release energy in the solid-liquid transformation; this material is located in metal containers under the absorber plate on the bottom insulation of the collector. The exergy analysis is performed in outdoor conditions for days of the low, medium and high radiation taken from October 2016 to March 2017 at Barranquilla city (latitude: 10º 59\u27 16" N, longitude: 74º 47\u27 20" O, Colombia). The system is evaluated throughout charge and discharge periods. The energy and exergy balance equations based on the first and second law of thermodynamics is formulated and solved for each element of the collector system as well as for the PCM. Results obtained show the energy distribution and energetic destruction for each system component and its variation as a time function. It was observed that the average energy and energetic efficiency are 28.7 %, 13.2 % for of low radiation days. 26.9%, 20.56% for of medium radiation days, and 23.2%, 18.6% for of high radiation days, respectively. Results of the analysis are shown in detail in the present paper
The influence of Mediterranean modernist movement of architecture in Lefkosa: The first and early second half of 20th century
Get PDFThe twentieth-century modern architectures in Lefkosia in North Cyprus are changing especially in residential building. This change is occurs based on the client’s orders or because of the dilapidated condition of the buildings. Identify the characteristics of modernist architectural movement will help in identifying these buildings and recognize the changes applied to them. The paper aims to reach the rationale understanding of the norms of modern architecture in Lefkosa in the twentieth century. The methodology is based on analyzing the residential buildings designed by local architects and “Ahmet Vural Bahaeddin” selected as one of the famous modernist architects in the twentieth century in North Cyprus. Residential buildings from Milan and Rome in Italy, as well as Barcelona in Spain, selected for analysis. The paper tries to demonstrate the presence of vernacular elements in modern architecture in Lefkosa. Two vernacular elements were studied, i) the patio (outside and inside interrelation), and ii) the façade materials (exposed stone) as vernacular elements in “Mediterranean modernist architecture”. The paper delineated the influence of the “Mediterranean modernist movement” on modern architecture in Lefkosa in the 20th century. The findings show that there is influence by the Modernist movement of architecture in other Mediterranean cities in Italy and Spain on the modern architecture in Lefkosa. The results contribute evidence to promote our understanding regarding the modernist architecture in Lefkosa
Feasibility of a Carbon Consumption Tax for sustainable development – A case study of India
No full textGlobal climate change is a major issue confronting policymakers worldwide, and there is widespread scientific acceptance of the reality of climate change and its adverse consequences In terms of economic analysis, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), which cause planetary climate changes, represent both an environmental externality and the overuse of a common property resource. The paper is premised around the hypothesis that tax policy can be used to address climate concerns by making less Green House Gas intensive purchases and investments more financially attractive. However, in the absence of an international framework capping GHG emissions, countries adopting mitigation policies incur costs that would not exist under global cooperation such as the loss of competitiveness and emissions leakage. A consumption tax based on the carbon footprint of a product levied on all products at the point of purchase by the final end-user, regardless of where the goods are produced using a Credit-method would be capable of addressing these concerns of emissions leakage and loss of competitiveness, while being WTO compliant. The author intends to test the feasibility and effectiveness of such a carbon consumption tax in the Indian Context. The author shall test the feasibility of levy of such a consumption tax in the context of India and evaluate the effectiveness in mitigating climate change and catering to the goal of sustainable development
Quality Evaluation and Study of Ecological Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Shadegan Wetland
Get PDFWetlands hold a principal position in storing food for primary producers, so they are not able to bear the pressure. The slightest disturbance, hence, may harm wetlands and cause detrimental effects. The present study aims at monitoring heavy metals and evaluation of the sediment quality index of Shadegan wetland in Iran. Thus, a sampling of surface sediments of the wetland was performed at ten stations with three replications; after the preparation of samples with aqua regia, the concentrations of heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The quantification of sediment pollution using the contamination factor, contamination degree, pollution load index, ecological risk assessment index, and ecological toxicity of heavy metals in the region were all carried out. The results of Cf and Cd showed that the degree of zinc and copper contamination is low; however, the degree of lead contamination is moderate. Moreover, the obtained PLI was less than 1 indicating a lack of sediments contamination with heavy metals. The RI was less than 150 indicating a low risk of contamination. In addition, comparing the concentrations of elements with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Sediment Quality Guidelines showed slightly toxic and non-toxic sediments, respectively. Finally, based on a mixture of effect range median, all sediment samples are placed in the first category with less than 12% toxicity probability.
Copyright © 2017 Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
Oeuvre vs. Abstract Space: Appropriation of Gezi Park in Istanbul
No full textThe Gezi Park incidents of summer 2013 in Istanbul have marked a turning point in the political life and democracy in Turkey. The peaceful environmentalist protestations in central Gezi Park have turned into a countrywide upheaval against the neo-liberal and conservative policies of the government, pouring millions of people into streets in different cities. It was a time that Turkey witnessed the formation of a new type of public sphere that encompasses a variety of counter publics, and its spatial incarnation –the Gezi Commune-, reclaimed, created, shaped and inhabited by the free will of people. This was the instant creation of oeuvre through the appropriation of the urban space, and a spatial manifestation of reclaiming the right to the city. This article is a reflection on the possibility of creation of oeuvre in contemporary society, and a new way of architectural thinking and practice that can pave the way for it
Livable city one step towards sustainable development
Get PDFCities are the engines of economic growth. According to the United Nations, Today the global urban population is expected to reach 3 billion to 5 billion (61 percent) by 2030. The industrial revolution and the resulting economic-social changes led to the transformation of residential patterns and living patterns. Due to the increasing development of cities and its problems, the theory of sustainable development followed by the approach of the livable city was considered. Livable city environment with good planning is an attractive and safe environment for life, work and development, including good governance, competitive economy, high quality of life and environmental sustainability. The results indicate that the social, economic and environmental aspects of the livability of the city of Arak are moderate and unfavourable. Also, the results of the Topsis model, which is a multi-criteria and decision-making model, show that in the environmental dimension of the region two with a score of 0.6859 and in the social dimension of the region of three with a score of 0.92 and in the economic dimension of the region three with a score of 1, the highest rank Have won. As a result, the city of Arak ranked 58th, is not livable and of the three city areas, zone 3 is closer to the surface of livable. And this process will not be in the path of sustainable development