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The Relationship Between Intraoperative Anterior Femoral Translation and Peak Knee Flexion Moment During Stair Ascent in Patients Two Years Post-Total Knee Arthoplasty
No full textIn this investigation of 20 knees, part of a prospective study of surgical technique and outcomes of total knee arthroplasty, we observed no significant correlation between anterior femoral translation during passive knee flexion, measured intraoperatively, and peak involved knee flexion moment during stair ascent two years post total knee arthroplasty
Dean\u27s Significant Activities Report 11-01-2019
Get PDFThe Dean’s Weekly Significant Activities Report lists all activities conducted within the Departments, Centers & Staff. The Report is provided to the Dean and Directorate personnel for situational awareness.https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/sigact/1017/thumbnail.jp
Dean\u27s Significant Activities Report 12-27-2019
Get PDFThe Dean’s Weekly Significant Activities Report lists all activities conducted within the Departments, Centers & Staff. The Report is provided to the Dean and Directorate personnel for situational awareness.https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/sigact/1022/thumbnail.jp
Allometric models of adult regional body lengths and circumferences to height: Insights from a three-dimensional body image scanner.
No full textOBJECTIVES: Recent reports on body regional mass scalings to height have advanced understanding differences in adult heights. These studies resulted in conjectures on how regional lengths and circumferences may scale to height. We provide evidence for these conjectures by analyzing a large sample of regional limb, trunk, chest, and head lengths and circumferences in a large sample of US Army basic training recruits.
METHODS: Participants consisted of 10 271 males and 2760 females ages 17 to 21 years old who reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, SC. Participants were imaged by a three-dimensional (3D) body scanner for uniform sizing which yielded 159 body measurements of total mass, lengths and circumferences at regional sites of arms, legs, trunk, chest, and head. The allometric model,
RESULTS: Body mass scaled to height with powers of ∼2.0 (mean β ± SE, 1.98 ± 0.04, 1.93 ± 0.06). Arm and leg lengths scaled to exponents larger than 1.0 and head height and circumferences at regional sites scaled to exponents smaller than 1.0. The leg, arm, and trunk mass scaling exponents were all above 2.0. Head mass scaled to powers smaller than 2.0.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D scanner allowed hundreds of anthropometric measurements to be obtained within seconds. The ensuing analysis revealed that greater height yielded disproportional increases in limb lengths, limb mass and trunk mass. These analyses provide evidence that could not be previously measured that further both biomechanical and metabolic conjectures
UAS Swarm Shares Survey Data to Expedite Coordinated Mapping of Radiation Hotspots
No full textThis study explores the capability of an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) swarm to locate and survey areas of interest as quickly as possible. The swarming process involves decentralized control in which UAS periodically select their respective paths after sharing information sensed in their environment. The implementation of a new swarming algorithm, Greedy Share&Seek, was found to be capable of conducting time sensitive survey missions with higher performance than a baseline algorithm without such information sharing. Numerical simulations were employed to verify the increase in performance of the algorithm in a controlled environment. In addition, the behavior was implemented on an actual UAS swarm system and successfully demonstrated in a live outdoor flight test in which the system surveyed an active radiation site using on-board sensors. This approach generally worked and demonstrated real world implementation feasibility
Artificial Intelligence Ethics: Governance through Social Media
No full textA proposal is presented to facilitate machine self-learning of ethical behavior via human-curated training using online human behavioral data such as that found on social media and related sites. The proposed training data set is a mixture of human behavioral data found on social media and related sites that exhibit a wide variety of both ethical and unethical behavior which can help an artificially intelligent machine make ethical decisions during the process of solving real-world problems. The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications worldwide highlights the need for normativity to protect individual rights, such as privacy, and the promotion of the common good; in other words, ethics. Governance of such widespread applications of AI as speech recognition, facial recognition, tracking of individuals using their personal electronic devices, etc., is needed to prevent abuses of such technologies by corporations or national governments. This paper presents a systemic view of the complexity of using principle-based governance to promote the ethical use of AI without unnecessarily hindering technological innovations needed to advance the state of the art in AI technology
Communication of Visual and Auditory Information and the Coordination of Team Task Performance
No full textDue to lack of visual or auditory perceptual information, many tasks require interpersonal coordination and teaming. Dyadic verbal and/or auditory communication typically results in the two people becoming informationally coupled. This experiment examined coupling by using a two-person remote navigation task where one participant blindly drove a remote-controlled car while another participant provided auditory, visual, or a combination of both cues (bimodal). Under these conditions, we evaluated performance using easy, moderate, and hard task difficulties. We predicted that the visual condition would have higher performance measures overall, and the bimodal condition would have higher performance as difficulty increased. Results indicated that visual coupling performs better overall compared to auditory coupling and that bimodal coupling showed increased performance as task difficulty went from moderate to hard. When auditory coupling occurs, the frequency at which teams communicate affects performance— the faster teams spoke, the better they performed, even with visual communication available
Gestational growth trajectories derived from a dynamic fetal-placental scaling law.
No full textFetal trajectories characterizing growth rates in utero have relied primarily on goodness of fit rather than mechanistic properties exhibited in utero. Here, we use a validated fetal–placental allometric scaling law and a first principles differential equations model of placental volume growth to generate biologically meaningful fetal–placental growth curves. The growth curves form the foundation for understanding healthy versus at-risk fetal growth and for identifying the timing of key events in utero
Defense Support to the Private Sector: New Concepts for the DoD\u27s National Cyber Defense Mission
Get PDFA primary mission of the Department of Defense (DoD) remains defending the nation in cyberspace, a function which has until this point has been oriented around the traditional Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) framework. However, conceptual confusion as to the most effective mechanisms for DoD support during national cyber emergencies has generated a perpetual “fog” that restricts the frameworks optimal employment. This paper examines the typical forms of DoD cyber support currently employed, and presents four additional pillars for consideration. These proposed pillars highlight the potential value of the DoD’s defined role and functionality as a supporting command to the private sector during national cyber emergencies. Furthermore, this paper recommends new, adaptable structures and defined roles that can serve as a model for the DoD’s future composition, disposition, and employment in cyberspace when called upon to defend the nation. Because the private sector is on the front lines of the conflict, a new model of Defense Support to the Private Sector (DSPS) needs consideration
Avoiding Pitfalls in Undergraduate Simulation Courses
Get PDFSimulation development has historically been a specialized skill performed by engineers with graduate-level training and industry experience. However, advances in computing technology, coupled with the rise of model-based systems engineering, have dramatically increased the usage of simulations, such that most engineers now require a working knowledge of modeling and simulation (M&S). As such, an increasing number of undergraduate engineering programs are now requiring students to complete a simulation course. These courses are intended to reinforce foundational engineering knowledge while also teaching the students useful M&S tools that they will need in industry. Yet, a number of pitfalls are associated with teaching M&S to undergraduate students. The first major pitfall is focusing on the tool or software without properly teaching the underlying methodologies. This pitfall can result in students becoming fixated on the software, limiting their broader knowledge of M&S. The second pitfall involves the use of contrived, academic tutorials as course projects, which limits students from fully understanding the simulation design process. The third and fourth pitfalls are only superficially covering verification and validation and not building upon material that was taught in other courses. Finally, the fifth pitfall is the over-reliance on group projects and tests over individual projects. These pitfalls were uncovered during academic years (AYs) 2017 and 2018 in different undergraduate simulation courses at the United States Military Academy. The combat modeling course adapted its structure and content in AY2019 to address these pitfalls, with several lessons learned that are applicable to the broader simulation education community. Generally, students gained a broader understanding of M&S and submitted higher quality work. Additionally, the course-end feedback found an overall increase in M&S knowledge, with many students choosing to use M&S to support their honors theses and capstone projects, a trend not seen in past years