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The development and drivers of the impact advantages of open access research
Full text linkA thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.Introduction: The tendency for Open Access (OA) research to attract more citations and online attention than non-OA research is widely referred to as the Open Access Advantage (OAA). While numerous hypotheses attempt to explain this phenomenon, existing research lacks comprehensive analyses of how OAAs have evolved, differ by OA type and journal status, and how they change over time. A lack of consistent methodologies, overly narrow studies and lack of longitudinal research hampers understanding. This thesis addresses these gaps and attempts to understand the underlying phenomena.
Methods: Using a dataset of approximately 45M journal articles published between 2010–23, the study examines OAAs across multiple metrics. These include journal citations, and six altmetric data sources, being citations from patents, Wikipedia, policy documents, and mentions on Twitter, in news, and in blogs. Analyses are segmented by publication year, time since publication, discipline, OA type, and journal status. Metrics are presented and analysed by proportions and means, the Open Access Advantages as OA:non-OA ratios.
Results: Findings reveal that while OAAs are present for most metrics, they are highly variable: the scale of OAAs are not universal. Differences emerge between metrics, showing distinct patterns: medical and life science OA citation rates are 1.25–2× higher; engineering, technology and maths OA papers are approximately 3× more likely to be covered by blogs; OA research gets approximately 3× the volume of attention on Twitter. Citation-based OAAs tend to decline in recent years, with the citation means advantage disappearing for the social sciences and technical–mathematical fields. Open Access research is between 1.2–1.5× more likely to be cited in the year of publication, an effect that drops slightly in the second year, before recovering in subsequent years, growing its advantage. OA research is more likely to be featured in news and blog sources by a factor of over 2, although this benefit is not universal. OAAs are generally stronger for higher-status journals, often changing as articles age. Green OA – the least common form – tends to outperform Gold OA. Disciplinary variation is significant: medical and life sciences show accelerated levels of impact associated with OA adoption, humanities mirror this trend, while social sciences diverge.
Conclusion: OAAs are not a single phenomenon, no single explanation can be used to understand them. These mechanisms appear to change over time, as OA is adopted by different disciplines. The presence of significant OAAs for the year of publication, suggest that early access is a significant driver of OAAs, although the persistence of these phenomena suggest other mechanisms, mostly likely being a form of ‘rich get richer’ effect related to the visibility and discoverability of OA. Increased rates of OA research impact different stakeholder groups in different ways, public interest and social impact, and individual disciplines show significant differences in how impactful their move towards OA has been. OA may accelerate research and impact in some fields. The benefits of Open Access publishing can not be assumed to apply universally: these findings have implications for funders, academics, publishers and research evaluators
Delivering a climate-resilient water sector: A smart cities perspective
No full textThis is an accepted manuscript of an article due to be published by Elsevier in Cities on [dd/mm/yyyy], available online: [link to online copy tbc]
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.The significance of water and wastewater sector is overshadowed within smart cities and climate resilience discussions. Therefore, this research aims to explore the importance of smart cities in the UK with a focus on urban water management. A quantitative research approach was adopted to analyze data collected from 58 responses from local authority officials and water sector professionals. It is concluded that smart water technology implementation is especially important in existing cities which have aging infrastructure. This paper provides insight into how smart water management in UK cities recognizes the necessary action required to deliver climate resilient urban environment.This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors
Fit for work, unfit for care: collapse and the carceral logic of German POW camps, 1914–1918
No full text© 2026 The authors. Published by Taylor & Francis. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2026.2644927This article examines the psychological consequences of captivity for British prisoners of war in German-administered camps during the First World War, situating their experience at the intersection of trauma studies, carceral theory, and military psychiatry. While trench warfare and shell shock have received sustained scholarly attention as sites of psychiatric injury, the mental toll of captivity has been treated as secondary or conceptually benign. Drawing on prisoner testimony, inspection reports, repatriation records, and medical assessments, the article shows that psychological collapse in captivity was rarely recognised as illness. Instead, deterioration was routinely reframed as disciplinary deviance, malingering, or failure of character within administrative systems oriented towards labour extraction rather than care. Collapse is used here not as a clinical diagnosis but as a cumulative process through which sustained coercion, hunger, exhaustion, and moral pressure eroded prisoners’ capacity to endure captivity. This deterioration was experienced internally long before it became visible in the archive, appearing only when diminished capacity could no longer be absorbed within regimes of work, punishment, or neglect. By demonstrating how captivity generated psychological breakdown while simultaneously rendering it administratively invisible, the article repositions the prisoner of war at the centre of the history of wartime psychiatry and exposes the entanglement of discipline, productivity, and care in modern military medicine
A qualitative examination of rapid weight-loss practices in international judo
No full textThis is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published by University of South Alabama on [date TBC], available online at [link TBC].Abstract: Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in the lead-up to judo competitions to reduce body mass and gain assumed advantages over opponents by competing in a weight classification below day-to-day weight. This study explored the RWL experiences of international level judo coaches (n = 4; 2 males, 2 females, Mage = 38.50 SD = 2.88), their athletes (n = 4; 2 males, 2 females, Mage = 25.70 SD = 5.05), and their team nutritionist (female). Four themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis: (a) ‘RWL methods’ including sweating off, restricting fluid intake, and restricted food intake, in particular carbohydrates, (b) ‘factors influencing RWL’, such as a belief that engaging in RWL is the norm in judo, driving several RWL behaviours, (c) ‘consequences of RWL’, for example, drawing focus from competition preparation to making weight, and (d) ‘recommendations for safe and effective weight-making in judo’ which focused on education and relationship building. Findings indicate that in international judo there is a move to using evidence-based approaches, leading to safer and science-based RWL, alongside a desire for education and support regarding these approaches provided to combat sport coaches, athletes, and practitioners starting at grassroots level
Large language models adapt the political unconscious and repress heteroglossia
No full textThis is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published by OUP on [date TBC} available online {link TBC}.
The accepted manuscript may differ from the final published version.This essay examines the ideological function of Large Language Models (LLMs) by analysing how they adapt existing texts when asked to produce fictional narratives. Rather than functioning as a form of Bakhtinian heteroglossia, a synthesis of multiple, diverse and centrifugal voices, the essay argues that LLM discursivity instead operates as part of a centripetal, ideological project that expresses the ideas of the ruling class. The study uses examples from a series of prompts given to Gemini, a Google-developed LLM, to generate stories about social problems such as poverty, revolution, and environmental disaster. The findings demonstrate that Gemini consistently adapted existing hegemonic narrative conventions that provide what Fredric Jameson calls an ‘imaginary resolution of a real contradiction’ (62). The essay concludes that the LLM presents its adaptational activity as an impartial synthesis of data qua ostensibly objective facts, obfuscating the reality that its adaptational activity is instead an expression of a political unconscious serving the interests of the ruling class. LLMs do not therefore articulate heteroglossia, but rather regurgitate the biases and values of dominant ideology
Teacher and student perceptions of jump quality: deriving objective thresholds and examining rating agreement in adolescent ballet dancers
No full textThis is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published by SAGE on [date TBC], available online: [link TBC].
The accepted manuscript may differ from the final published version
How much are LLMs changing the language of academic papers after ChatGPT? A multi-database and full text analysis
No full textThis is an accepted manuscript of an article due to be published by Springer Nature in Scientometrics on [dd/mm/yyyy], available online: [link to online copy]
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.
This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOI]This study investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) are influencing the language of academic papers by tracking 12 LLM-associated terms across six major scholarly databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Dimensions, and OpenAlex) from 2015 to 2024. Using over 2.4 million PMC open-access publications (2021–July 2025), we also analysed full texts to assess changes in the frequency and co-occurrence of these terms before and after ChatGPT’s initial public release. Across databases, delve (+1,500%), underscore (+1,000%), and intricate (+700%) had the largest increases between 2022 and 2024. Growth in LLM-term usage was much higher in STEM fields than in social sciences and arts and humanities. In PMC full texts, the proportion of papers using underscore six or more times increased by over 10,000% from 2022 to 2025, followed by intricate (+5,400%) and meticulous (+2,800%). Nearly half of all 2024 PMC papers using any LLM term also included underscore, compared with only 3%–14% of papers before ChatGPT in 2022. Papers using one LLM term are now much more likely to include other terms. For example, in 2024, underscore strongly correlated with pivotal (0.449) and delve (0.311), compared with very weak associations in 2022 (0.032 and 0.018, respectively). These findings provide the first large-scale evidence based on full-text publications and multiple databases that some LLM-associated terms are now being used much more frequently and together in academic writing. However, the results do not provide direct causal evidence and cannot distinguish between LLM-generated text, LLM-edited text, or broader adoption of LLM-associated writing or publishing styles. The rapid uptake of LLMs to support scholarly publishing is a welcome development reducing the language barrier to academic publishing for non-English speakers.No funding was provided for this study
Safety, efficacy, and potential clinical application of nivasorexant, a novel orexin receptor antagonist, in psychiatry: A systematic review
Full text link© 2026 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://journals.lww.com/inpj/fulltext/9900/safety,_efficacy,_and_potential_clinical.137.aspxOrexin A and orexin B are neuropeptides that play an important role in regulating physiological functions such as stress response, reward, energy, and arousal. Orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs), such as nivasorexant, are a new class of medications targeting the orexin system. Nivasorexant is a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist (OX1R) that was developed to avoid dual receptor antagonists. We aimed to conduct this systematic review to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nivasorexant and to explore the potential clinical uses in psychiatry. Relevant databases were searched to identify studies focused on nivasorexant’s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, and clinical uses in humans. Out of 34 articles identified, five articles were included. Preclinical evidence suggested a promising role for nivasorexant in modulating compulsive behaviors due to its high selectivity for OX1R and lack of significant sedation. Clinical investigations have provided insights into its pharmacokinetic profile and generally favorable safety. While initial efficacy findings for a specific psychiatric indication were not definitively met, exploratory analyses suggest that patient characteristics might influence treatment outcomes. Furthermore, nivasorexant’s metabolic profile indicates potential for drug interactions, requiring careful consideration in clinical practice. Nivasorexant’s potential for addressing disorders is characterized by dysregulated reward processing, where maintaining alertness is desirable, based on its selective mechanism and tolerability. However, this review is limited by the current volume of clinical data, the scope of studies conducted, and the generalizability of findings across diverse patient populations. Further rigorous clinical validation is needed to fully ascertain its therapeutic potential and optimal application in psychiatry
An inductive learning intervention to improve news veracity discernment
No full text“©American Psychological Association, [Year]. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000580Across three preregistered experiments (total N = 1,135), we tested whether an inductive learning (IL) intervention improved participants’ news veracity discernment (i.e., ability to distinguish between true and false news). IL involves learning categories by observing or classifying exemplars. Therefore, in this research, IL involved observing true and false news headlines and classifying them as either “true” or “false”, with immediate feedback on accuracy. In Experiment 1 (N = 214), the IL intervention significantly improved participants’ news veracity discernment compared to control, but the Bayesian evidence was only anecdotal. In Experiment 2 (N = 483), we incorporated game-design elements into the IL intervention, including performance-contingent badges. Unexpectedly, the effect of the IL intervention decreased. We reasoned that, because the IL intervention involved easy-to-hard classification training, the provision of performance-contingent badges inadvertently made participants more aware of their declining performance. This awareness may have undermined their motivation to learn as the training progressed. Therefore, in Experiment 3 (N = 438), we implemented hard-to-easy classification training instead, and the IL intervention significantly improved participants’ news veracity discernment, now with strong Bayesian evidence.The work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council South Coast Doctoral Training Partnership. The funding source had no other involvement other than financial support
Modifying CO₂ absorption-desorption: A comprehensive review of advances in process design, solvent engineering, energy integration, and operational optimisation
Full text link© 2025 The authors. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100548Efficient carbon capture through CO₂ absorption-desorption processes is crucial for mitigating climate change and meeting global greenhouse gas reduction targets. This comprehensive review synthesises over a decade of advancements addressing the technical and economic challenges pertinent to absorption-based carbon capture. It focuses on four critical aspects: process configuration, solvent innovation, energy integration, and operational optimisation. The review evaluates emerging process designs that improve CO₂ capture efficiency and reduce energy penalties, including absorber intercooling, advanced stripper configurations, and solvent recycle strategies. Further, it critically assesses novel solvents and solvent mixtures such as amines, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, biphasic systems, and nanofluids, aimed at enhancing solvent stability, absorption capacity, and cyclic performance. The paper highlights energy-saving techniques through heat and mass integration as well as emerging heat pump technologies that minimise heat loss, thereby improving overall system sustainability. Additionally, this review covers the expanding use of computational methods, including experimental design, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and metaheuristic optimisation, to identify optimal operating conditions and improve process scalability. Unlike previous reviews, this study integrates advances across multiple disciplines include process engineering, solvent chemistry, energy management, and computational optimisation by providing a holistic view of current progress and remaining gaps. It offers practical insights and recommendations to guide future research and accelerate the industrial deployment of cost-effective and energy-efficient CO₂ capture technologies. The novelty and urgency of this synthesis lie in its multidisciplinary approach combining experimental, theoretical, and computational studies to address persistent challenges and future opportunities in carbon capture science.The authors would like to acknowledge and appreciate the PhD research grant 2023 supported by the Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton.Accepted versio