Portal de Revistas UFPS (Revistas Institucionales Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander)
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Mechanical behavior of low density concrete mixtures with thermally expanded clay from the metropolitan area of Cúcuta: Comportamiento mecánico de mezclas de concreto de baja densidad con arcilla expandida térmicamente del área metropolitana de
Get PDFIn order to develop construction materials with greater efficiency and performance than conventional materials, mixtures of lightweight concrete (LWC) made from thermally expanded clay (TEC) have been generated. In this article we study the mechanical properties (equilibrium density, compressive strength) of the LWC mixtures produced with raw material from the metropolitan area of Cúcuta, contrasting their characteristics with conventional concrete (CC) mixtures. For this, the lightweight aggregates were developed by calcining clay pellets in a rotary kiln at a pilot plant scale at a temperature of 1050 ° C, generating an expansion of 1.60 times of its initial size. Following the methodology ACI 211.2-98 two concrete mixtures were designed: the first, with fine and coarse aggregate of TEC; and the second, with coarse aggregate of TEC and fine aggregate of sand. It was determined that the LWC mixture with the highest efficiency is the one that uses fine and coarse aggregate of TEC, since the density of the LWC decreased by 25% with respect to the density of the CC, maintaining the resistance to compression after 28 days Under the same conditions. In conclusion, LWC mixtures made from TEC with raw materials from the metropolitan area of Cúcuta have a lower equilibrium density and compressive strength similar to that of CC.In order to develop construction materials with greater efficiency and performance than conventional materials, mixtures of lightweight concrete (LWC) made from thermally expanded clay (TEC) have been generated. In this article we study the mechanical properties (equilibrium density, compressive strength) of the LWC mixtures produced with raw material from the metropolitan area of Cúcuta, contrasting their characteristics with conventional concrete (CC) mixtures. For this, the lightweight aggregates were developed by calcining clay pellets in a rotary kiln at a pilot plant scale at a temperature of 1050 ° C, generating an expansion of 1.60 times of its initial size. Following the methodology ACI 211.2-98 two concrete mixtures were designed: the first, with fine and coarse aggregate of TEC; and the second, with coarse aggregate of TEC and fine aggregate of sand. It was determined that the LWC mixture with the highest efficiency is the one that uses fine and coarse aggregate of TEC, since the density of the LWC decreased by 25% with respect to the density of the CC, maintaining the resistance to compression after 28 days Under the same conditions. In conclusion, LWC mixtures made from TEC with raw materials from the metropolitan area of Cúcuta have a lower equilibrium density and compressive strength similar to that of CC
Calibración y estandarización de mediciones de calidad del aire usando sensores MQ
Get PDFTo perform the calibration and standardization of the air quality measurements through the MQ sensors, a mathematical relation was used based on the information provided by the manufacturers of the sensors through their data sheets, using the linear mathematical regression model that allowed to create the libraries for the sensors MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-4, MQ-5, MQ-6, MQ-7, MQ-8, MQ-9, MQ-135, MQ-131, MQ-303A, MQ-309A, These libraries are characterized by being open source, and are available to the public, whose software tool allows to take values in parts per million (ppm) from the value of the resistance read in the sensor, allows to obtain data which are similar to other scientific studies given that they give in the same units, which serve to perform studies in the environment, pollution, analysis in industrial processes.Para realizar la calibración y estandarización de las mediciones de la calidad del aire a través de los sensores MQ, se empleó una relación matemática con base en la información proporcionada por los fabricantes de los sensores a través de sus hojas de datos, utilizando el modelo de regresión matemática lineal que permitió crear las librerías para los sensores MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-4, MQ-5, MQ-6, MQ-7, MQ-8, MQ-9, MQ-135, MQ-131, MQ-303A, MQ-309A, esas librerías se caracterizan por ser de código abierto, y están a disposición del público, cuya herramienta de software permite tomar valores en partes por millón(ppm) a partir del valor de la resistencia leída en el sensor, admite obtener datos los cuales son similares con otros estudios científicos dados que dan en las mismas unidades, las cuales sirven para realizar estudios en el medio ambiente, contaminación, análisis en procesos industriales
Sistema de recomendación de programas universitarios para estudiantes de educación media basado en Deep Learning
Get PDFHigh school students who are faced with the selection of academic programs decide based on program information available in search engines, websites, vocational counselling by advisors, or tests. However, these alternatives have limitations because they do not take into important historical and sociodemographic information, or in case of the advisors, they cannot guide all students. This work supports the decision-making of students through a Recommendation System that presents recommendations based on sociodemographic variables and historical academic data. Also, we propose and compare two methods: a classic Collaborative Filtering model and a Deep Learning model.Los estudiantes que van a culminar la educación media y se enfrentan a la selección de programas académicos, usualmente usan buscadores web, información de programas y asesorías o pruebas vocacionales. Sin embargo, estas alternativas tienen limitaciones, porque no tienen en cuenta las características sociodemográficas del estudiante ni su desempeño académico o no pueden guiar adecuadamente a todos los estudiantes. Esta propuesta apoya la toma de decisiones de este grupo poblacional con un Sistema de Recomendación que produce recomendaciones basadas en variables sociodemográficas y datos académicos históricos de estudiantes de pregrado. Además, se compara el desempeño de un modelo de Filtrado Colaborativo clásico y Deep Learning
Impacto laboral del graduado del programa de tecnología en procesos industriales de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Get PDFThe project was developed with the purpose of evaluating the labor impact of the academic program Technology in Industrial Processes of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, taking as a base the analysis of the academic perception imparted in the professional training. Instruments were applied to collect information from companies in the productive sector of the region that maintain links with the academic program through various modalities of extension, allowing to contrast the needs and expectations demanded by organizations at the level of technical and comprehensive skills in their human resources with the skills demonstrated by graduates of the academic program. It was determined that the labor insertion in the graduates of the program is affected by their preference to continue their training in the professional cycle of Engineering. It was also possible to establish that a large part of the productive sector organizations in the region identify the graduates of the Industrial Process Technology program for their good work performance measured by the existence of transversal skills. Finally, an action plan was established that describes opportunities for improvement in the teaching processes, in order to continuously improve the harmony between the competencies of new graduates and the needs of society at the regional levelEl presente proyecto se desarrolló con el propósito evaluar el impacto laboral del programa académico tecnología en procesos industriales de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, tomando como base el análisis de la percepción académica impartida en la formación profesional. Se aplicaron instrumentos de recolección de información hacia las empresas del sector productivo de la región que mantienen vínculo con el programa académico a través de diversas modalidades de extensión, permitiendo contrastar las necesidades y expectativas demandadas por las organizaciones a nivel de competencias técnicas e integrales en su recurso humano con las habilidades demostradas por los graduados del programa académico. Se determinó que la inserción laboral en los graduados de programa se ve afectada por la preferencia que tienen éstos de continuar su formación en el ciclo profesional de Ingeniería. Así mismo se pudo establecer que gran parte de las Organizaciones del sector productivo de la región identifican a los graduados del programa de Tecnología en Procesos Industriales por su buen desempeño laboral medido desde la existencia de habilidades transversales. Finalmente se estableció un plan de acción que describe oportunidades de mejora en los procesos de docencia, a fin de mejorar continuamente la armonía entre las competencias de los nuevos graduados y las necesidades de la sociedad en el ámbito regiona
Design and validation of educational material aimed at adults with Heart Failure
Get PDFObjective: Design and validate educational material aimed at adults with heart failure as an intervention of the disease centered on the decision making for the management of the symptoms. Materials and methods: Methodological study made following the Guide for the design, use and evaluation of educational material about health and the instrument of Specific Guidelines for the Evaluation of printed education materials developed by the Pan American Health Organization. For the design a group of 2 adults with heart failure, 2 caregivers, 2 nurses and 1 cardiologist participated. The educational material in its preliminary design was subject of evaluation by experts (n=7= and by adults with heart failure (n=10). Results: The design of educational material (pamphlet) is supported by the Situation-specific Theory of heart failure self-care and its empirical indicator is the scale of Self-care of Heart Failure Index. The experts and adults with heart failure who participated on this study agreed that the pamphlet meets the criteria of potential effectiveness on all the educational material. The scores obtained in the specific guidelines indicated that it should be used as designed and some evaluators indicated that the design should have some changes from the preliminary version. The production of the final version was made considering the observations of the evaluators. Conclusions: The steps for the design and validation of educational material are explained in detail and supported by the nursing theory and is made available to be used in the practice and research.Objetivo: Diseñar y validar material educativo dirigido a adultos con Falla Cardíaca para una intervención de enfermería centrada en la toma de decisiones para el manejo de los síntomas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio metodológico realizado siguiendo la Guía para el diseño, utilización y evaluación de material educativo en Salud y el instrumento de Pautas Específicas para Evaluación de material educativo impreso, desarrollados por la Organización Panamericana para la Salud. En el diseño participó un grupo conformado por 2 adultos con Falla Cardíaca, 2 cuidadores, 2 enfermeras y un 1 cardiólogo. El material educativo en su diseño preliminar fue sometido a prueba por expertos (n=7) y por adultos con Falla Cardíaca (n=10). Resultados: El diseño del material educativo tipo folleto está sustentado en la Teoría de Situación Especifica Autocuidado en Falla Cardíaca y su indicador empírico es la escala Self-care Heart Failure Índex. Los expertos y los adultos con Falla Cardíaca que participaron en el estudio convinieron en que el folleto cumple con los criterios de efectividad potencial de todo material educativo. Los puntajes obtenidos en las pautas específicas indicaron que se debe usar como está diseñado y algunos evaluadores indicaron algunas reformas a la versión preliminar. La producción de la versión definitiva se realizó atendiendo las observaciones de los evaluadores. Conclusiones: Se detallan los pasos para el diseño y validación de un material educativo sustentado en una teoría de enfermería y se pone a disposición para ser utilizado en la práctica y la investigación. 
Quality of life and health of breast cancer woman survivors in Popayan-Colombia.
Get PDFObjective: Identify the quality of life and its association with health parameters for breast cancer women survivors in Popayan, Colombia. Methods: analytic cross-sectional descriptive correlated study, with nonprobability sampling, according to the inclusion criteria of 39 women who survived breast cancer, who received a survey made by the authors which included sociodemographic aspects, evaluation of the quality of life through the questionnaire EORTC QLQ – BR23 and measurements such as the Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure and blood sugar levels, according to international standards. Results: The health indicators (blood pressure and blood sugar) are found under the normal ranges, while the BMI has a tendency for overweight. Regarding quality of life, high measurements for body image and sexual function were evidenced, while the dimensions of sexual pleasure and future perception showed intermediate measures. Regarding association, moderate correlations were observed between blood pressure and blood sugar levels, with body image and the sexual aspect. Conclusions: An association between the health indicators and the quality of life was observed, demonstrating the need to formulate prevention and intervention actions from an interdisciplinary vision. Also, it was observed that the quality of life requires a review toward self-confidence and relationship with oneself, through workshops or talks that allow to overcome limitations proper of the disease and to move on.Objetivo: Identificar la calidad de vida y su asociación con parámetros de salud en mujeres sobrevivientes al cáncer de mama en Popayán, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal analítico, con una muestra no probabilística, de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión de 39 mujeres sobrevivientes al cáncer, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta de elaboración propia con aspectos socio-demográficos, valoración de la calidad de vida mediante el cuestionario EORTC QLQ - BR23 y mediciones como el Índice de Masa corporal (IMC), presión arterial y niveles de glucemia, según estándares internacionales. Resultados: Los índices de salud (presión arterial y glucemia) se encontraron bajo los rangos de normalidad, mientras que para IMC hay tendencia de sobrepeso. Respecto a la calidad de vida, se evidenciaron mediciones elevadas para la imagen corporal y la función sexual, mientras que las dimensiones de disfrute sexual y percepción a futuro presentaron mediciones intermedias. Respecto a la asociación, se observaron correlaciones moderadas entre la presión arterial y los niveles de glucemia, con la imagen corporal y la parte sexual. Conclusiones: Se evidenció una asociación entre los indicadores de salud y calidad de vida, demostrando la necesidad de plantear acciones de prevención e intervención desde una visión interdisciplinaria. De la misma manera, se observó que la calidad de vida requiere una revisión hacia la autoconfianza y relación consigo misma, a través de talleres o charlas que permitan superar las limitaciones propias de la enfermedad y salir adelante
Estilos de vida e características demográficas de adolescentes de cindo instituições de ensino
Get PDFObjective: Determine the relationship between the life styles and the sociodemographic characteristics of school going adolescents in two subregions of the Sucre department, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample was made by 427 public middle school students, between the ages of 10 to 15, selected through a systematic sample by school grade. The Fantastic Instrument (Chilean version) was applied and adapted to Colombia by Betancourth, Velez and Jurado (2015) for the characterization of preadolescent and adolescent life styles, with optimal levels of content validity and reliability (Cronbach Alpha by criteria): pertinence (0,932), relevance (0,904), utility (0,948), composition (0,846) and clarity (0,800). Results: The average age was 13,1 years, with percentage similarity by gender (50%), the students came from Sincelejo (69,1%), and Santiago de Tolu (30,9%), where the predominant life style was adequate for the age range between 13 and 15 years (32,9% and 25,8%). The life style related to gender, age and educational institutions by subregion, reported significant differences in the dimensions of physical and social activity, sleep and stress, nutrition, family, and friends (p< 0,01); type of personality and school satisfaction, inner image and order (p< 0,05). Conclusions: Significant differences were found between some life style dimensions with the variables of gender, age, school grade and educational institutions by subregion. It is important for life style intervention studies, to minimize the risk factor for adolescents and prevent diseases.Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre estilos de vida y características sociodemográficas de adolescentes escolarizados en dos subregiones del departamento de Sucre. Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. La muestra correspondió a 427 estudiantes de básica secundaria de cinco instituciones públicas, con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 15 años, seleccionados por grado escolar, mediante un muestreo sistemático. Se aplicó el Instrumento Fantástico, versión chilena, adaptada en Colombia por Betancurth, Vélez y Jurado (2015) para la caracterización de estilos de vida en la preadolescencia y adolescencia inicial, con niveles óptimos de validez de contenido y fiabilidad (Alpha de Cronbach por criterios): pertinencia (0,932), relevancia (0,904), utilidad (0,948), redacción (0,846) y claridad (0,800). Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 13.1 años, con similitud porcentual por género (50%), procedentes de Sincelejo (69.1%) y Santiago de Tolú (30.9%), predominando el estilo de vida adecuado en el grupo de 13 a 15 años (32.9 % y 25.8%). Los estilos de vida en relación con el género, edad e instituciones educativas por subregión, reportaron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones actividad física y social, sueño y estrés, nutrición, familiares y amigos (p < 0.01); tipo de personalidad y satisfacción escolar, imagen interior y orden (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre algunas dimensiones de estilos de vida respecto a las variables género, edad, grado escolar e instituciones educativas por subregión de procedencia. Es imperativo realizar estudios de intervención en estilos de vida, para minimizar factores de riesgo en los adolescentes y prevenir enfermedades.Objetivo:Determinar a relação entre estilos de vida e as características sociais e demográficas de adolescentes escolarizados em duas sub-regiões do estado de Sucre na Colômbia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional. A amostra estudada foi de 427 estudantes de ensino médio de cinco escolas públicas, com idades ente 10 e 15 anos, selecionados por nível de escolaridade por amostragem sistemática. Aplicou-se o questionário Fantástico, versão chilena adaptada na Colômbia por Betancurth, Vélez e Jurado (2015) para a caracterização de estilos de vida na pré-adolescência e adolescência inicial, com níveis óptimos de validez de conteúdo e fiabilidade (Alpha de Cronbach por critérios): pertinência (0,932), relevância (0,904), utilidade (0,948), redação (0,846) e claridade (0,800).Resultados: A média da idade foi de13.1 anos, o sexo teve a mesma distribuição (50%), procedentes da cidade deSincelejo(69.1%) e Santiago de Tolú (30.9%), nos quais predominou o estilo de vida adequado no grupo de 13 a 15 anos (32.9 % e 25.8%). Os estilos de vida de acordo com o sexo, idade, a escola e a sub-região, reportaram diferenças significativas (p < 0.01); tipo de personalidade, satisfação escolar, imagem interior e ordem (p < 0.05). Conclusões: Encontrou-se diferenças significativas entre algumas dimensões de estilos de vida com as variáveis sexo, idade, nível escolar e escola por sub-região de procedência. É fundamental a realização de estudos de intervenção em estilos de vida, que minimizem os fatores de risco em adolescentes e prevenir doenças
Pessoas com deficiência, saúde do trabalhador e capacidades nas leis de 2011-2020
Get PDFObjective: Identify the concepts of capacities in laws related to occupational health for people with disabilities in Colombia, between 2011 and 2020. Materials and methods: Qualitative study with hermeneutic-comprehensive methodological approach through the analysis of the content. The tracking of information was made through the annual reports from the Congress of Colombia found in digital archives denominated gazettes, issued between 2011- 2020. Law 361 of 1997, which regulates the reinforced labor stability was also included. For the processing of information, the 8th version of the program Atlas/Ti was used. The categories for analysis that were considered were: health, work, employment, labor disability, and capacities. Results: The study showed some capacity concepts related to the possibilities of people with disabilities of choosing valuable functions for their life: however, laws keep presenting voids regarding the definition of capacity and an orientation towards working operations that do not allow people with disabilities to develop their skills. Conclusions: From the public health standpoint, the inequalities that the laws pretend to solve are clear; but it can be claimed, from a legislative perspective, that the capacities are addressed from very general concepts and with basic elements. On the other hand, regarding the development of skills in people with disabilities and the possibility of avoiding discrimination for this population in work environments, it remains a challenge for practice and social inclusion.Objetivo: Identificar los conceptos de capacidades en las leyes relacionadas con la salud laboral para las personas con discapacidad en Colombia entre el 2011 y 2019. Materiales y método: Cualitativo con un enfoque metodológico es el hermenéutico-comprensivo a través de un análisis de contenido. Resultados: El estudio evidenció algunos conceptos de capacidades relacionados con las posibilidades que tienen las personas con discapacidad de elegir funcionamientos valiosos para su vida sin embargo las normas siguen presentando vacíos en cuanto a la definición de capacidad y una orientación hacia los funcionamientos que no permiten a las personas con discapacidad desarrollar sus capacidades. Conclusiones: Desde la perspectiva de la salud pública, son claras las desigualdades que pretenden solucionar las normas, pero puede afirmarse que, desde lo legislativo, las capacidades son abordadas desde conceptos muy generales y con elementos básicos respecto al desarrollo de capacidades de las personas con discapacidad y por lo tanto la posibilidad de evitar la discriminación de esta población en los entornos laborales sigue siendo un reto de cara a la práctica y la inclusión socialObjetivo: Identificar os conceitos de capacidades nas leis relacionadas com a saúde do trabalhador para as pessoas com deficiência na Colômbia, entre 2011 e 2020. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo com metodologia hermenêutico-compreensiva na análise de conteúdo. A procura da informação realizou-se através dos anais do Congresso da República que repousam em arquivos digitais nomeados “gacetas”, produzidos desde 2011 a 2020. Para o processamento da informação empregou-se o software Atlas/Ti, versão 8. As categorias na análise foram: saúde, trabalho, emprego, deficiência laboral e capacidades. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou alguns conceitos de capacidades relacionados com as possibilidades que tem as pessoas com deficiência de escolher funcionamentos de valor para as suas vidas; entretanto, as normas continuam apresentando vazios na definição de capacidade e à orientação aos funcionamentos, impedindo que às pessoas com deficiência desenvolver as suas capacidades. Conclusões: Na perspectiva de saúde pública, são claras as desigualdades que pretendem solucionar com as normas, porém desde a legislação, as capacidades são definidas com conceitos superficiais e básicos. Por outro lado, em relação com desenvolvimento de capacidades nas pessoas com deficiência e a possibilidade de evitar a discriminação e preconceito no ambiente de trabalho, continua sendo um desafio de cara à prática e à inclusão social
Fenomenología do consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos estudantes universitários em Bogotá
Get PDFObjetivo: Objetivo: Determinar el contexto fenomenológico en relación a los hábitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior de ciencias de la salud en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo de enfoque fenomenológico; se realizaron 8 entrevistas a jóvenes universitarios (informantes clave) que conocían el contexto universitario, las personas expendedoras y las consumidoras. La técnica de recolección de datos fue con entrevistas a profundad. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética de investigación en Seres Humanos, Hospital de San José - FUCS. Resultados: Los hallazgos identifican 6 categorías: 1) Factores de riesgo de policonsumo; 2) Factores de protección de policonsumo; 3) Sustancias psicoactivas; 4) Lugares de consumo; 5) Conductas de riesgo; 6) Efecto del consumo. A partir del análisis de contenido y de las proposiciones emergieron 14 subcategorías: factores de riesgo internos y externos; factores de protección externos; redes de apoyo; sustancias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viajes, casa de amigos; conductas de riesgo: suicidio, riñas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, enfermedad física y mental y rendimiento académico. Conclusión: en el estudio se concluye que la problemática social presente en los estudiantes universitarios, está fundamentada en las situaciones de riesgos a las cuales están expuestos socialmente y que requiere de un pilar formativo desde la niñez. La UNODC, propone examinar a profundidad las variables que influyen en el consumo y actuar con programas preventivos viables, que permitan fortalecer las habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales.Objective: Determine the phenomenological context related to the habits of consumption of psychoactive drugs, in university students from a higher education institution of health sciences in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: Qualitative descriptive study of phenomenological approach; 8 interviews were performed in young university students (key informants) who knew about the university context, the dealers, and the consumers. The technique for the recollection of data used were in-depth interviews. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Human Beings, Hospital of San Jose – University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS). Results: The findings identify 6 categories: 1) Risk factors of polydrug abuse; 2) Protective factors of polydrug abuse; 3) Psychoactive drugs; 4) Places for consumption; 5) Risk behaviors; 6) Consumption effects. From the analysis of the content and the propositions, 14 sub-categories emerged: internal and external risk factors; external protective factors; support networks; illicit and legal drugs; places: bars, trips, friend’s houses; risk behaviors: suicide, fights, sexual risk behavior; mental and physical diseases and academic performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that the present social problematic in university students, is based on risk situations to which students are socially exposed and requires a formative process that starts during childhood. The UNODC, proposes to examine the variables that influence the consumption and act with viable preventive programs in depth, allowing to strengthen the intrapersonal and interpersonal skills.Objetivo: Determinar o contexto fenomenológico em relação aos hábitos de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, em estudantes universitários de uma faculdade de ciências da saúde em Bogotá. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo fenomenológico; realizaram-se 8 entrevistas a jovens universitários (informantes chave) que conheciam o contexto universitário, as pessoas fornecedoras e as consumidoras. A técnica de recolecção de dados foi com entrevistas a profundidade. O projeto foi aprovado pelo comité de ética em pesquisa em seres humanos do Hospital de San José-FUCS. Resultados: Os achados identificaram 6 categorias: 1) fatores de risco de policonsumo; 2) fatores de proteção policonsumo; 3) substâncias psicoativas; 4) lugares de consumo; 5) condutas de risco; 6) efeito do consumo. Partindo da análise de conteúdo e das proposições surgiram14 subcategorias: fatores de risco internos e externos; fatores de proteção externos; redes de apoio; substâncias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viagens, casa dos amigos; condutas de risco: suicídio, brigas, condutas sexuais de risco, doença física e mental y finalmente, rendimento acadêmico. Conclusão: A problemática social presente nos estudantes universitários, está fundamentada nas situações de risco, as quais estão expostos socialmente e precisam de uma formação estrutural desde a infância. A UNODC propõe examinar a profundidade das variáveis que influenciam o consumo e atuar com programas de prevenção viáveis, permitindo o fortalecimento de habilidades intrapessoais e interpessoais.  
Enfermagem na Colômbia em tempos de pandemia de coronavírus
Get PDF2020 will go down in human history as the year in which the global, technological, highly scientific, industrialised and interconnected world was transformed by the impact of an unknown virus that made its appearance in Wuhan, China, invaded the globe exponentially and overwhelmed any capacity for planning, forecasting and response, causing the highest and fastest morbidity and mortality rate known in this century (1).El 2020 pasará a la historia de la humanidad como el año en que el mundo global, tecnológico, altamente científico, industrializado e interconectado se transformó por el impacto de un virus desconocido que hizo su aparición en Wuhan, China, invadió el globo terrestre de manera exponencial desbordando cualquier capacidad de planeación, previsión y respuesta, ocasionando la más alta y rápida morbimortalidad hasta entonces conocida en este siglo (1).O ano de 2020 entrará para a história da humanidade como o ano em que o mundo global, tecnológico, altamente científico, industrializado e interconectado foi transformado pelo impacto de um vírus desconhecido que surgiu em Wuhan, na China, invadiu o globo de forma exponencial e superou qualquer capacidade de planejamento, previsão e resposta, causando a maior e mais rápida taxa de morbidade e mortalidade conhecida neste século (1)