Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Baldassare Fontana : professional success and real estate wealth
No full textThis contribution focuses on lesser-known aspects of Baldassare Fontana (1661–1733), whose output has already been extensively documented. The fulcrum of this investigation are two notarial deeds of great importance: his will and testament, drawn up in the house in Chiasso on 17 June 1733, and his property inventory drawn up in 1737. The two documents open up new perspectives regarding his life and his affective relationships, which are important for investigating some of the dynamics of the society to which Fontana belonged; work relations, socio-economic relations also developped thanks to his marriage. The testament clarifies the kinship ties, also verified in the parish registers that preserve fundamental sources for inferring spiritual alliances, family mobility, etc., as well as the bonds of belonging to the community of Chiasso and in the will to keep the fuoco acceso, namely the family lineage and residence in Chiasso. The inventory, on the other hand, gives us an insight into the wealth in which his family lived and the significant property assets he accumulated during his life. To this must be added credits and policies to be redeemed at home and 'in the City of Olmiz in Moravia', as the notarial deed states, revealing social and professional networks which are useful for further investigations
Women’s Protests in Poland in 2015-2021 in the Context of Charles Tilly’s Approach to Social Movements
No full textThe paper explores the women’s movement in Poland in the second and third decade of the 21st century. It applies the theoretical framework developed by Charles Tilly to present how the protests of Poles in 2016 and 2020 corresponded to the constituting features of social movements. Based on desk research of documentation of the protests by the protesters themselves, media and researchers, the paper highlights how protesters used the social movement repertoire and WUNC manifestations (worthiness, unity, numbers, commitment) to address the recurring problem of women’s reproductive rights in two latest manifestations of the struggle that has been a major component of Polish feminism since its origins
Theonymic interpretatio in Graeco-Roman discourse and the importance of the planetary week in establishing interpretive schemes
No full textThe study presents the concepts of interpretatio Romana and interpretatio Graeca as a discourse with which Roman and Greek authors approached foreign deities, "interpreting" them as their own gods under different names. Although this discourse was shared by a number of other ancient cultures, mutual identifications of gods were usually made on an ad hoc basis and did not form established patterns. The main exception was the concept of the classical seven theonymic planets and the seven planetary days of the week. These patterns of seven deities spread across the languages and cultures of classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, and the names of the seven selected gods were repeatedly "translated" from one language to another. It was by no means always necessary for the concepts of seven planets and seven days to spread together. The theonymic week had a significant "competitor" in the form of the numerical week associated mainly with Abrahamic monotheisms. However, sometimes the concept of the seven theonymic planets alone, or conversely the concept of the seven theonymic days alone, was sufficient for the scheme of seven interpretable theonyms to survive
[Benedetti, Marina, ed. Eretiche ed eretici medievali: la "disobbedienza" religiosa nei secoli XII-XV]
No full textRecenzované dílo:
Benedetti, Marina, ed. Eretiche ed eretici medievali: la "disobbedienza" religiosa nei secoli XII-XV. 1a edizione. Roma: Carocci editore, 2023. 415 p. Frecce; 372. ISBN 978-88-290-1994-6.Reviewed work:
Benedetti, Marina, ed. Eretiche ed eretici medievali: la "disobbedienza" religiosa nei secoli XII-XV. 1a edizione. Roma: Carocci editore, 2023. 415 p. Frecce; 372. ISBN 978-88-290-1994-6
[Vojtíšek, Zdeněk. Hnutí Grálu: příběh nového náboženství (The Grail Movement: the story of a new religion)]
No full textRecenzované dílo:
Vojtíšek, Zdeněk. Hnutí Grálu: příběh nového náboženství [The Grail Movement: The Story of a New Religion]. První vydání. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum, 2025. 552 stran, 10 obr. příl. ISBN 978-80-246-5762-2.Reviewed work:
Vojtíšek, Zdeněk. Hnutí Grálu: příběh nového náboženství [The Grail Movement: The Story of a New Religion]. První vydání. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum, 2025. 552 stran, 10 obr. příl. ISBN 978-80-246-5762-2
The Manifest Unfoundedness: In which Manner and why does the Constitutional Court reject Complaints?
Get PDFVe světle nedostatků vytýkaných právní vědou Ústavnímu soudu článek podrobně zkoumá rozhodování o zjevné neopodstatněnosti ústavní stížnosti. Do popředí přitom staví výzkumnou otázku – z jakých důvodů a jakým způsobem odmítá Ústavní soud zjevně neopodstatněné stížnosti. Těžištěm článku je obsahová analýza 163 usnesení Ústavního soudu z období 15. 4. – 30. 4. 2024. V první zkoumané oblasti článek identifikuje ve vybraném vzorku opakující se konkrétní důvody, které soud podřadil pod pojem zjevné neopodstatněnosti. Ty jsou současně kategorizovány do šesti zobecňujících skupin argumentů. Ve druhé zkoumané oblasti se autor zaměřuje na způsob odůvodňování usnesení – jejich délku, strukturu a obsah. Zvýšená pozornost je věnována rozhodnutím, která se svou délkou vymykají z obvyklého rozsahu a nastínění možných příčin tohoto jevu. Podrobněji jsou představeny konkrétní příklady nadprůměrně dlouhých rozhodnutí a těch, u nichž vyvstávají pochybnosti, zda neměl soud rozhodnout nálezem namísto usnesením. Dalším významným poznatkem jsou tendence k doslovnému přejímání pasáží z předchozích rozhodnutí. Poslední část je věnována úvahám o budoucnosti odůvodňování odmítavých usnesení.Legal scholarship criticises the Constitutional Court for shortcomings, in the light of which this article examines in detail the decision on the manifestly unfoundedness of the constitutional complaint. In doing so, the author of this article raises a research question – on what grounds and in which manner does the Constitutional Court reject manifestly unfounded complaints. The core of the article is a content analysis of 163 decisions of the Constitutional Court from 15 April to 30 April 2024. In the first area examined, the article identifies in the sample the recurring specific grounds that the court has subsumed under the concept of manifest unfoundedness. At the same time, these are categorized into six categories of arguments. In the second area examined, the author focuses on the manner of reasoning of decisions – their length, structure and content. Particular attention is given to decisions that are longer than usual and to outlining the possible causes of this phenomenon. Specific examples of excessively long decisions and those where there is doubt as to whether the court should have decided on the merits instead of rejecting the petitions are presented in more detail. Another important observation is the tendency to copy passages from previous decisions. The article concludes with a reflection on the future of the reasoning of rejection decisions
Contact in the Chatroom: Women's Experiences with Chat Counseling in Suicidal Crises
Get PDFCiele štúdie. Štúdia skúma skúsenosti z online chatového poradenstva u používateliek v suicidálnej kríze. Zisťovala podobu skúsenosti so vzťahom s psychológom v chatovom rozhraní v rámci jednorazového kontaktu. Metóda. Výskum obsahuje hĺbkovú analýzu 3 rozhovorov s použitím interpretatívnej fenomenologickej analýzy (IPA). Výsledky. V kontakte bola dôležitá samotná prítomnosť druhého človeka, ktorá napomohla participantkám vo vlastnom rozhodnutí si neublížiť. Kľúčové pre upevnenie dôvery bola predstava počúvajúceho, uisťujúceho odborníka. Osoba poradcu, ani použitie konkrétnych intervencií sa nejavili ako dôležité, i keď je osoba terapeuta tradične vnímaná ako dôležitý aspekt psychoterapeutickej aliancie. Kontakt bol pritom zažívaný ako na pomedzí skutočnosti a obsahoval množstvo bariér oproti komunikácii tvárou v tvár. Medzi hlavné bariéry patrila strata atmosféry, nemožnosť sa vidieť a uvedomenie, že druhá strana nemá dosť informácií. Participantkami bol zdôrazňovaný silnejší pocit vlastnej kontroly, ako v iných formách pomoci. Výskum poukázal na to, že blízkosť v chatovom poradenstve môže byť do veľkej miery imaginatívna a poskytovať úľavu aj bez verbálnej komunikácie, čím rozširuje diskusiu o blízkosti v počítačom mediovanom poradenstve. Zistenia tiež naznačujú, že samotná idea pomoci je kľúčová pre pocit úľavy, aj keď nie je spojená s rozvinutou predstavou druhého človeka v online priestore. Štúdia skúmala špecifickú skupinu žien so skúsenosťou so suicidálnym zvažovaním a psychiatrickou liečbou, neumožňuje tak zovšeobecnenie na širšie skupiny používateľov krízových liniek. Záver. Štúdia by mohla byť užitočná pre odborníkov pracujúcich v online poradenských službách a ako príspevok do debaty o účinnosti online krízových intervencií a psychologického poradenstva.Study Goals. The study examined experiences from online chat counseling with female users in suicidal crises. It investigated the nature of the relationship with the psychologist in the chat interface within a one-time contact. Method. The research involved in-depth analysis of 3 interviews using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results. The presence of another person was important in the contact, helping participants in their decision not to harm themselves. Crucial to building trust was the idea of a listening, reassuring expert. The counselor's personality or specific interventions did not appear important - even though the therapist is traditionally perceived as an important aspect of the psychotherapeutic alliance. The contact was experienced as on the edge of reality and contained many barriers compared to face-to-face communication. Main barriers included loss of atmosphere, inability to see each other, and the realization that the other side lacked enough information. Participants emphasized a stronger sense of control than in other forms of psychological support. The study could be useful for professionals working in online counseling services and contribute to the debate on the effectiveness of online crisis interventions and psychological counseling. The research pointed out that proximity in chat counseling can be largely imaginative and provide relief even without verbal communication, thereby expanding the discussion on proximity in computer-mediated counselling. Conclusion. The findings also suggest that the very idea of help is key to the feeling of relief, even if it is not associated with a developed image of the other person in the online space. The study examined a specific group of women with experiences of suicidal ideation and psychiatric treatment and therefore does not allow for generalization to broader groups of crisis line users
Working with the body, working in the body – contexts and potentialities of interweaving therapeutic areas of biosynthesis and psychoanalysis
Get PDFText představuje základní kontury současných debat nad kombinováním na tělo zaměřených a psychoanalytických terapeutických strategií. Zaměřuje se podrobněji na diskusi z let 2018 a 2022 kolem článků amerického psychoanalytika s výcvikem v Somatic Experiencing Davida Levita. V závěrečné části autoři nabízejí viněty z vlastní klinické práce, ve které vycházejí ze svého zakotvení v biosyntetické a psychoanalytické psychoterapii.The text presents the basic contours of contemporary debates over the combination of body-centred and psychoanalytic therapeutic strategies. It focuses in more detail on the 2018 and 2022 debates around articles by American psychoanalyst with training in Somatic Experiencing David Levitt. In the final section, the authors offer vignettes from their own clinical work, drawing on their grounding in biosynthesis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Littoral vegetation of estuarine rivers of the southern part of Vaygach Island and the Yugorsky Peninsula
Get PDFThe saline tidal estuaries of two small rivers of Vaygach Island, the Krasnaya and the Varkulyakha, and one in the area adjacent to the Yugorsky Peninsula, the Nikolskaya River, contribute to the occurrence of salt marshes that are home to halophytic vegetation. In terms of marine exposure, the studied area comprises three types of habitats – low marshes, middle marshes and high marshes, each with a specific composition and structure of the vegetation cover. Along with salt marshes, the study has identified more habitats of smaller area and with specific vegetation, among them lowland wetlands in marsh-tundra ecotones, pebble-sand beaches, rubble beaches, salt lakes, and microdepressions. The marshes of Vaygach Island are classified Vaygachas Arctic type, as evidenced by the presence of halophytic communities dominated by Arctic and hypoarctic species, represented by three associations: Caricetum subspathaceae herbosum, Caricetum glareosae potentillosum egedae and Caricetum glareosae arctantemosum polarae. In our study, the estuarine vegetation has been discovered to comprise a fourth association, Plantaginetum schrenkii. Using the metric scaling method, we provided evidence that the studied estuaries support different vegetation types. While the communities of Vaygach Krasnaya and Varkulyakha estuaries tend to be similar in species composition and structure, the vegetation of the Nikolskaya River estuary appears to be markedly different. The differences relate mostly to the geomorphology of the three estuaries, consisting mainly in the fact that the Vaygach estuarine marshes occupy much larger areas compared to the tidal flats available to halophytic vegetation in the Nikolskaya estuary. The paper proposes a classification of the estuarine vegetation based on ecological and phytocenotic descriptions. Abandoned mines located at the mouth of the Krasnaya River, where polymetallic ores were previously mined, are unlikely to influence the composition and structure of halophytic vegetation. A variety of phytocenoses have formed in this area, as in the mouth of the Varkul'yakha River, where no mining activity has occured
Lichens in the vicinity of Colesdalen, one of the “hot spots” of the Svalbard archipelago
Get PDFThis study summarizes the lichen diversity in the Colesdalen area of Svalbard, where a total of 234 species are known. Notably, 112 of these lichen species are reported for the first time in this region. Among them, the newly recorded species are Arthonia granitophila, Ionaspis obtecta, Micarea denigrata, Poeltinula interjecta, Rhizocarpon infernulum, R. subgeminatum, Rinodina mniaroea var. cinnamomea, Sagedia zonata, Sarcogyne lapponica, which are new to Svalbard. Furthermore, Arthonia granitophila and Poeltinula interjecta are documented for the first time in the Arctic. Additionally, 27 species have been identified as new to Nordenskiöld Land (Central Spitsbergen). The ecological conditions of the Colesdalen area, including its unique microhabitats and sub-strate availability, significantly influence the lichen biodiversity and site-dependent vege-tation composition. This research contributes to the knowledge of local biodiversity of lichens and highlights how certain species can thrive beyond their typical ranges due to specific environmental factors – substrate, altitude, anthropogenic impact, distance from glaciers, humidity. Approximately half of the identified species are known only from the study area or from a few locations on Svalbard. This highlights the specificity of the natural conditions of the study area as well as the complex interactions between natural ecosystems and human-modified environments, emphasizing the importance of further study and documentation of Arctic lichens