Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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KONEČNÝ, Michal: Třináct snů o svobodě. Osudy židovského Brna ve třech stoletích / Thirteen Dreams of Freedom. The Fate of Jewish Brno Over Three Centuries
No full textKONEČNÝ, Michal. 13 snů o svobodě. Osudy židovského Brna ve třech stoletích. (Thirteen Dreams of Freedom. The Fates of Jewish Brno Across Three Centuries)
Nově identifikované komponenty z merovejského hrobu u Velkých Přílep - Kamýka, okr. Praha-západ
No full textMerovejský hrob ve Velkých Přílepech – Kamýku náleží od svého objevu v roce 1932 bezesporu mezi nejvýznamnější památky své doby v Čechách. Dosud však nebyl v úplnosti publikován, což bránilo jeho analýze a zasazení do širších souvislostí. V první části příspěvku je proto uveden soupis nálezů, následuje chronologická analýza, v poslední části je pak prezentace nově zjištěných či předpokládaných komponent z dochované výbavy (sedlo, toulec na šípy, kopí, opasek a meč) a jejich zasazení do širšího dobového kontextu.Since its discovery in 1932, the Merovingian grave in Velké Přílepy-Kamýk has undoubtedly been one of the most important relics of its time in Bohemia. However, it has not yet been published in its entirety, which hindered its analysis and placement in a broader context. Therefore, the first part of the paper presents a list of finds, followed by a chronological analysis, and the last part deals with the newly discovered or assumed components of the preserved equipment (saddle, quiver, spear, belt and sword) and their placement in the broader context of their time
Meaning as a rule of use? : on the failure of a pragmatic sign theory
No full textRudi Keller has presented an instrumental conception of the sign which defines the meaning of the linguistic sign as a 'rule of use' and which is directed against the classical theory of representation or substitution as an alternative. In doing so, he draws upon Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophische Untersuchungen and Ernst Tugendhat's Einführung in die sprachanalytische Philosophie. Since Tugendhat also adopts Wittgenstein´s concept of the rule of use, but, unlike Keller, uses it to elucidate the representational performance of language, I should like to discuss the relationship between these definitions of meaning (meaning as representational content vs. meaning as a rule of use) in the work of both thinkers. By doing so, I will hold that language is not initially a means of communication and that the perspective and research methods adopted from the natural sciences, as we find them in Keller's pragmatic meaning theory, are unsuitable for the human sciences. More precisely, my essay presents a) Keller's theory of meaning, b) Tugendhat's criticism of Grice's perlocutionism, c) Roman Jakobson's reasons for keeping (isolated) word-understanding and (contextual) word-utilisation apart. Finally, Joseph Levine's model example is shown in explaining d) the inapplicability of the scientific method in the field of human science
Lesson to develop intercultural discourse competence using public service advertisements from Germany and Korea
No full textThe paper presents for developing intercultural discourse competence using Corona public service advertisement from Germany and Korea as a teaching material. In some teaching methods, learners can understand how discourses are produced and disseminated in Germany on international important issues such as Corona, and develop the ability to interpret discourses in relation to sociocultural contexts and to participate in the discourses while modifying and supplementing their cultural interpretation patterns based on the understanding of German culture. In this way, they can reflect on their cultural interpretation patterns, improve their ability to express their opinions in German and to shape discourse, and finally develop receptive and productive intercultural discourse competence
Glitch! The turmoil of the digital living world in Clemens J. Setz' work
No full textThis paper examines the discourse surrounding the concept of the Glitch in contemporary German-speaking literature and its epitextual reflections. Using an essay by Clemens J. Setz as a starting point, it investigates the meaning and implications of glitches in literary contexts. It argues that the aesthetic appreciation of glitches is not a recent phenomenon but has historical roots intertwined with diverse media and technologies. The analysis situates glitches within a broader philosophical debate on orientation and the crises that challenge individuals' ability to navigate a "black-boxed" world – a theme that peaked during the Enlightenment and resonates in the phenomenological works of Heidegger, Husserl, and Blumenberg, as well as in contemporary discussions of digital environments. The paper explores how the aesthetic strategies of visual glitch art can be adapted to literary texts, emphasizing both the potentials and limitations of such transfers. It concludes with a reflection on the narrative possibilities and constraints posed by glitch-inspired literature, highlighting the unresolved tensions inherent in these experiments
El estribillo en las letras de Joaquín Sabina : variantes y posibilidades
No full textBuilding upon the research proposal by Emilio de Miguel Martínez in his pioneering and now classic book, Joaquín Sabina. Concierto privado (2008), this article examines the poetic craft of the Spanish singer-songwriter in one of the fundamental elements of contemporary popular song: the chorus. After acknowledging the generally high regard for Sabina's choruses, they are observed from various perspectives in order to account for their heterogeneity. To this end, attention is paid to the frequency with which they appear both in his songbook and in his songs; to their typographic marking; to their length; to their location in the lyrics; to their narrative, semantic, syntactic and metric continuity; to their function of condensing the meaning of the lyrics; and to their variability.Recogiendo la propuesta de investigación que Emilio de Miguel Martínez realizaba en su pionero y ya clásico Joaquín Sabina. Concierto privado (2008), este artículo estudia el hacer poético del cantautor español en uno de los elementos fundamentales de la canción popular contemporánea: el estribillo. Tras poner en valor la buena consideración que en general se tiene de los estribillos sabinianos, se observan desde distintos prismas con el fin de dar cuenta de su heterogeneidad. Para ello, se presta atención a la frecuencia con la que aparecen tanto en su cancionero como en sus canciones; a su marcación tipográfica; a su extensión; a su ubicación en las letras; a su continuidad narrativa, semántica, sintáctica, y métrica; a su función condensadora del sentido de la letra; y a su variabilidad
Uma revisitação dos Episódios da Vida Romântica por Mário Cláudio - da sobrevida da personagem
No full textPublished in 2018, Treze Cartas e Três Bilhetes de Rachel Cohen, by Mário Cláudio, comes out on the 130th anniversary of the release of The Maias as a tribute to the great Portuguese novelist of the 1800s. The purpose of the following article is to reflect on the question of the character's survival and the mechanisms adopted, such as transfictionality. The spaces left blank by Eça de Queirós, nebulous narratives, are utilised by Mário Cláudio who uses them as a means of giving continuity to figures who would otherwise not reach the level of a great literary character with human density and psychological complexity, as is the case of Raquel Cohen. As well as analysing Raquel's survival, I will also look at João da Ega and Alencar, in order to understand how the suggestive Queirosiano silences take on new contours in Cláudio's narrative.Publicado em 2018, Treze Cartas e Três Bilhetes de Rachel Cohen, de Mário Cláudio, surge nos 130 anos do lançamento d'Os Maias como forma de homenagem ao grande romancista português de Oitocentos. O seguinte artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a questão da sobrevida da personagem e respetivos mecanismos adotados, como a transficcionalidade. Os espaços deixados em branco por Eça de Queirós, nebulosas narrativas, são aproveitados por Mário Cláudio que os utiliza como meio de dar continuidade a figuras que, doutra forma, não atingiriam o patamar de uma grande personagem literária com densidade humana e complexidade psicológica, como é o caso de Raquel Cohen. Em concomitância com a análise da sobrevida de Raquel, abordarei, também, João da Ega e Alencar, de modo a perceber como é que os sugestivos silêncios queirosianos ganham novos contornos na narrativa claudiana
The influence of Slovak nationalism on the musical activities of Matica Slovenská (1919-1945)
No full textThis article analyzes the influence of advocates of the distinctiveness of the Slovak culture (Slovak nationalists) on the musical activities of the Matica slovenská (hereafter MS) during the years of 1919 to 1945, primarily focusing in particular on the collection, processing, and promotion of folk songs. During the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic, MS was initially dominated by the proponents of the Czecho-Slovak cultural rapprochement, who were gradually replaced by advocates of the distinctiveness of Slovak culture. The study examines how these changes were reflected in the activities of the Artistic and Music Departments of MS, including interventions in the editing of folk song collections. Case studies illustrate ideological preferences affecting the repertoire selection, linguistic modifications, and the cooperation with Czechoslovak institutions. The study reveals how political and national tensions undermined scientific objectivity and hindered the publication of valuable works
Archaeological traces of pyrotechnological devices in brickmaking
No full textCihlářské pece v období středověku a novověku byly stavěny zejména jako komorové/německé, povětšinou se dvěma až třemi topnými kanály. V poslední době se také množí nálezy, které lze interpretovat jako pozůstatky jednorázových polních pecí či milířů. V období středověku lze postihnout oddělení výroby cihel a jemného zboží – střešních tašek či dlaždic. K zásadním změnám dochází v období průmyslové revoluce, kdy v souvislosti s vyšší potřebou stavebního materiálu, zejména v překotně se rozvíjejících aglomeracích, dochází k uplatňování nejnovějších technických poznatků v konstrukční praxi cihlářských pecí. Od počátečního jednoduchého sdružování pecí přes pece otápěné ze dvou stran či pece se zvratným plamenem, které byly pořizovány ve snaze o zvětšení kapacity výpalu v periodickém provozu, až po pece kontinuální – kruhové.Brick kilns in the Middle Ages and the modern age were built mainly as chamber/German kilns, usually with two or three heating channels. Recently, there has been a proliferation of finds that can be interpreted as the remains of one-off field kilns or forest mills. In the medieval period, the separation of the production of bricks and fine goods such as roof tiles and floor tiles can be detected. Fundamental changes occurred during the Industrial Revolution, when, in connection with the increased need for building material, especially in the rapidly developing agglomerations, the latest technological knowledge was applied to the construction practice of brick kilns, from the initial simple joining of kilns through kilns heated from two sides or kilns with a reversible flame, acquired in an attempt to increase the firing capacity in periodical operations, to continuous – circular kilns