Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Digital Religion III: Conference on the constructive and destructive power of religion in a digital environment, SpinPLACE, University of Silesia in Katowice, 17-18 October, 2024
No full textHow to understand the inclusion of ‘anthropogenic factors’ in the system of teaching? Didactics between technology and pedagogy
No full textReflection of the systemic approach to teaching in the school pedagogy course in the primary teacher education programme
No full textJurists of the Gaps: Large Language Models and the Quiet Erosion of Legal Authority
Get PDFLarge Language Models (LLMs) are not merely tools to assist legal professionals—they represent a deeper epistemic and normative challenge to the foundations of legal authority. While LLMs allow humans to produce outputs that convincingly simulate legal reasoning, they lack the embodied judgment, ethical intentionality, and contextual awareness that define legitimate legal decision-making. This paper argues that the social legitimacy of the legal profession relies on capacities that are not reproducible through computational systems. We first examine the epistemological limitations of LLMs, drawing on Kantian philosophy and complexity theory to show that their outputs are simulations, not acts of understanding. We then analyze how this technological shift risks reducing legal professionals to jurists of the gaps – filling in only where machines fall short – thereby hollowing out the humanistic mission of law. Against this backdrop, we call for a renewed professional ethic centered on interpretation, creativity, and normative judgment, rather than technical supplementation. The automation of law is not the end of the profession, but it could be the end of its authority – unless its practitioners reclaim what cannot be outsourced
Expropriation for Mining Purposes in the Czech Republic: Past, Present and Future
Get PDFTento článek poskytuje komplexní analýzu problematiky vyvlastnění nemovitostí pro účely těžby nerostných surovin v České republice. Zkoumá historický vývoj právní úpravy od roku 1991 do současnosti, včetně zrušení možnosti vyvlastnění v roce 2013 a jejího opětovného zavedení v roce 2024. Článek analyzuje argumenty pro a proti vyvlastnění, s důrazem na koncept veřejného zájmu a jeho interpretaci v judikatuře. Významná pozornost je věnována evropské dimenzi problematiky kritických a strategických surovin, zejména ve světle nařízení (EU) 2024/1252, a jeho dopadům na český právní řád. Detailně je rozebrán současný právní rámec, včetně kategorií ložisek podléhajících vyvlastnění a procesních specifik, a to včetně potenciálních ústavněprávních otázek. Práce se zabývá také vztahem vyvlastnění k územnímu plánování a roli obcí při plánování těžebních aktivit. V komparativní části práce jsou zkoumány zahraniční úpravy vyvlastnění pro těžební účely, zejména na Slovensku, v Polsku a Německu. Závěrem jsou diskutovány budoucí výzvy v této oblasti a vliv měnících se geopolitických a environmentálních faktorů na těžbu nerostů.This article comprehensively analyses the expropriation of real estate for mineral extraction purposes in the Czech Republic. It examines the historical development of legislation from 1991 to the present, including the abolition of expropriation in 2013 and its reintroduction in 2024. The article analyses arguments for and against expropriation, emphasizing the concept of public interest and its interpretation in case law. Significant attention is paid to the European dimension of critical and strategic raw materials, particularly in light of Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 and its impact on Czech legislation. The current legal framework is thoroughly examined, including categories of deposits subject to expropriation, procedural specifics, and potential constitutional issues. The work also addresses the relationship between expropriation and spatial planning, as well as the role of municipalities in mining activity planning. The comparative section examines foreign expropriation regulations for mining purposes, particularly in Slovakia, Poland, and Germany. Finally, future challenges in this area and the influence of changing geopolitical and environmental factors on mineral extraction are discussed
Integration of Mental Education through Sports to Improve Personal Resilience of Adolescents in Elementary, Junior and Senior High School Students
Get PDFThis study investigates the effectiveness of integrating mental education through sports at the elementary, junior, and senior high school levels as an approach to enhancing adolescent personal resilience. The primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of sports on improving mental resilience across different educational stages (elementary, junior high, and senior high school) to determine which level experiences the most significant improvement. The study employs an experimental research design with multiple treatments and a control group, using a pretest-posttest format. The findings indicate that the integration of mental education through sports significantly enhances student resilience at all educational levels. Specifically, the Paired Samples Test revealed notable improvements in resilience, with average differences between pretest and posttest scores of -19.191 for elementary school, -46.070 for junior high school, and -16.205 for senior high school. The results from junior high school students exhibited the most substantial effect, as evidenced by the highest t-value of -96.677 and the smallest standard deviation (4.015), suggesting data homogeneity. All test results were statistically significant (p < 0.001), confirming that mental education through sports has a positive influence on student resilience, with the most pronounced effect observed in junior high school students.
Comparative Analysis of Game-Related Parameters and Team Performance Across European Men's Volleyball Leagues
Get PDFGame-related parameters play a direct role in distinguishing between winning and losing volleyball teams, directly influencing league rankings. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the impact of serve, reception, attack, and block parameters on higher and lower-quality leagues, while also examining their influence on league rankings. METHODS: Data from men’s volleyball matches in higher-quality leagues spanning from 2012/13 to 2022/23 seasons in Italy, Poland, and Turkey, and matches in lower-quality leagues spanning from the 2018/19 to 2022/23 seasons in the Czech Republic and Belgium, were analysed, totalling 820,769 points. The study compared league rankings across all leagues and evaluated serve, reception, attack, and block parameters for effectiveness and errors. RESULTS: Higher-quality leagues demonstrated a significantly greater number of points won through attacks (p=0.00), perfect reception (p=0.00), and errors during the reception (p=0.00), as well as a lower number of points, won through serving (p=0.03), attacking errors (p=0.00), and points won through blocking (p=0.00) compared to lower-quality leagues. No significant differences were observed in serving errors (p=0.82). When comparing league rankings, statistically significant differences were found in the number of points won through serving (p=0.00), points won through attacking (p=0.00), points won through blocking (p=0.00), reception errors (p=0.00), and attacking errors (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the nuanced relationship between skill execution, tactical decisions, and competitive level, emphasizing the distinct performance strategies employed by higher-quality and lower-quality leagues. Expanding future research to include additional leagues and performance variables will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing team success
Developing explainable AI models for predicting snowpack variability in Polar regions
Get PDFAccurate prediction of variability of polar snowpack is central to understanding global climate change and its impacts on ecosystems, sea-level rise, and weather patterns. Traditional, physically based snowpack models commonly fail to capture full range of complexity that realistic snow dynamics can display, especially under extreme climate events. On the contrary, machine learning (ML) models can enhance predictive accuracy but lack interpretability and thus are challenging to apply in scientific contexts. This research proposes construction of explainable AI models for prediction of polar snow-pack, emphasizing how to interpret domain knowledge coupled with state-of-the-art techniques in AI. Physics-informed neural networks are used herein to embed physical laws, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to represent spatial dependencies, and Recurent Neural Network (RNNs) for temporal sequences. Several post-hoc explanation techniques, such as SHAP and saliency maps, together with the development of causal inference models, are applied in such a way that the transparency and scientific basis of the models are preserved
Historical Development, Current Trends and Specific Models of Competency-based Education in the Military Environment
Get PDFThe article explores competency-based education in the military field. The introductory part of the article presents historical trends, supplemented by the necessary setting of the issue in the context of developments in this field. The article includes a passage summarizing the latest trends, i.e. the current models of competencies, a summary of the education and development of military professionals according to competencies and, in terms of practical application, the correlation between competency models and the process of implementing the education in the chosen department of the University of Defence. This is a critical area for educating future soldiers, undergoing dynamic changes with the introduction of modern educational approaches
John Woodroffe and the establishment of academic research of Tantra in the context of colonial discourse about magic and superstition : on the politics of scholarly study of religion
No full textThe article investigates the establishment of Tantra in academia during the 20th century through the selected works of John Woodroffe – Arthur Avalon. Firstly, it examines Orientalist discourses about the study of Indian religion and shows the issue of Tantra being marginalized by the association with the notion of magic. Secondly, it shows the cultural-historical contexts that existed around the notion of magic and superstition in the colonial imagination, and on what basis the usage of these terms could lead to the systematic exclusion of some phenomena from the field of serious research. On the other hand, magic rehabilitated through occultism could have played a crucial role in the establishment of Tantra. By combining discourse analysis and thick description, I aim to discover hints of the establishment of Tantra in the discourses prior to it, and answer what this case tells about the politics of the modern study of religion, and about the politics of studying foreign culture in general