Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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A comparative appraisal analysis of engagement in Joe Biden and Donald Trump’s speeches
Get PDFThe present study analyzed Engagement strategies used in political discourse, examining how politicians construe certain stances relative to other voices and how they align or dis-align with their audience. To this end, the study employed Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal theory to examine the Engagement resources utilized in speeches delivered by the 46th US President Joe Biden and the 45th and 47th President Donald Trump during their campaigns for the 2024 US presidential election during their campaigns for the 2024 US presidential election. Instances of Engagement were identified, tallied, and classified into their respective sub-categories. The findings showed a consistent pattern in terms of the frequencies of the sub-categories of Engagement in the two speeches, with Heteroglossia being more frequent than Monoglossia. Results of the normalized frequencies indicated that contracted and expanded resources were more often employed by Trump than by Biden. However, a fine-grained analysis underscored distinct stylistic differences in the utilization of these resources by the two speakers. The study sheds light on the nuanced nature of political discourse and provides insights into how politicians use Engagement resources to construe certain stances and to communicate with their audienc
Metadiscourse in L2 Master’s theses: The impact of academic culture and expertise
Get PDFThis study explores metadiscourse in English-medium Master’s theses by L2 (Czech) graduates, aiming to explain how Czech students organise their texts, express their stance towards the content and engage with their readers. It seeks to contrast L2 learner academic discourse with L1 learner and expert academic discourse in order to identify differences along the culture and level of expertise dimensions. The corpus-based analysis employs Hyland’s (2005) interpersonal framework of metadiscourse to identify the frequency, functions and realisations of interactive and interactional metadiscourse devices. The findings reveal that interactional metadiscourse is more prominent than interactive metadiscourse in all three corpora and there are significant differences in the realisation patterns and functions of specific metadiscourse markers. The results of the analysis suggest that self-mention, hedges and engagement markers vary along the expertise dimension as they are more heavily used in published research articles than in learner discourse. Cultural differences (i.e., those stemming primarily from different academic writing conventions) seem to affect the preferred degree of writer visibility, as well as preferences for specific metadiscourse markers. Variation in interactive metadiscourse seems to be influenced by text size, genre and communicative purpose. The findings allow for the drawing of several implications for L2 writing pedagogy
The macrostructure of the Roman pridiana
No full textThis paper examines the data structure of surviving Roman pridianum-type documents. These reports record the current status of a cohort and the changes since the previous report. Two pridiana and an interim report survive in a condition suitable for detailed analysis, and a further document, although fragmentary, also merits examination. Although no contemporary sources on data-recording practices in the Roman army have survived, the analysis of the extant documents reveals regularities that clearly indicate a deliberate organisation of statistical data
One Czech poem and its translated version in a popular Latvian patriotic song : the emergence of the musical composition and the history of its reception
No full textOne of the best-known poems in the time of the first Latvian national movement (the 1850s–1880s) was an adapted translation of the one sonnet by Czech national poetry classic František Ladislav Čelakovský's (1799–1852), from the collection Růže stolistá (The hundred-petalled rose, 1840). Latvian writer Juris Alunāns (1832–1864) had been translated (paraphrased) Čelakovský's sonnet in 1860. At the end of the 19th century, Latvian composer Andrejs Jurjāns (1856–1922) included Alunāns' translated text (the three strophes) in the choral song Nevis slinkojot un pūstot (Not by lazing around and rotting). Later, in the 1920s and 30s, the tradition of adding a fourth strophe (with a poetic toast to Latvia by poet Auseklis /1850–1879/) to the composition arose in society during the practice of singing the Jurjāns choral song. The study reveals the cultural and historical contexts of the emergence of the famed Latvian patriotic song Nevis slinkojot un pūstot (in the final version with four strophes) and the history of its reception up to the 21st century in different periods of Latvia's past
Stará Boleslav : burials in the grounds of the Old Boleslav chapter and at the church of unknown consecration in its vicinity in the early and high Middle Ages
No full textPříspěvek je věnován základní charakteristice etážových pohřebišť, která obklopují kapitulní baziliku sv. Václava (1039–1046) a dva raně středověké kostely v její blízkosti. Části pohřebišť byly postupně dokumentovány v liniových sondách v několika etapách záchranného výzkumu zejména mezi lety 1997–2005. Řešeny jsou otázky vztahu a chronologie pohřebních areálů, četnosti, prostorové distribuce a charakteru hrobového inventáře. Sledovány jsou změny v pohřebním ritu a hledány možné rozdíly v pohřbívání při bazilice a při blízkém kostele neznámého zasvěcení mezi rozložením jednotlivých kategorií zemřelých (věk, pohlaví). Základní výsledky studia pohřbívání v historickém jádru významné raně středověké lokality, rezidence členů vládnoucího rodu a po polovině 11. století také církevního centra, jsou srovnány s nedávným souhrnem poznatků ze soudobých pohřebišť v pražské aglomeraci.This paper examines the basic characteristics of superposition burial sites surrounding the chapter Basilica of St. Wenceslas (1039–1046) and two early medieval churches in its vicinity. Parts of the burial sites were gradually confirmed by line probes in several phases of rescue research, especially in 1997–2005. Issues addressed include the relationship and chronology of the burial complexes, the frequency, distribution and character of grave goods. Changes in burial rites are monitored, as well as possible differences in burials at the basilica and at a nearby church of unknown consecration in the distribution of the different categories of the deceased (age, sex). The basic results of the study of burials in the historical core of a major early medieval site, the residence of the members of a ruling family and, after the mid-11th century, also a religious centre, are compared with a series of recent findings from burial sites from the same period in the Prague agglomeration
Archeologické doklady habsbursko-osmanskej kónfrontácie v oblasti medzi Komárnom a Ižou
No full textSystematic research into the Roman castle in Iža (SW Slovakia) and its surroundings has long been yielding new findings not only about this part of the former Roman territory. Recent surface collection has added a new chronological layer from the modern period to the picture of the history of the surrounding landscape. In the 1990s, traces of a group of artillery redoubts was discovered during an aerial prospection in the area between Komárno and Iža, two of which have also been archaeologically investigated. Subsequent systematic large-scale surface collection yielded a number of archaeological finds in their wider surroundings – lead projectiles and a projectile-making mould which complemented the discovery of a rapier fragment and a series of coin finds known from previous archaeological investigations. The finds might testify to an unspecified military conflict which may have been associated with the Habsburg-Ottoman confrontation in the area under study in the 16th–17th centuries.Systematické výskumy rímskeho kastela v Iži (juhozápadné Slovensko) a jeho okolia už dlhodobo prinášajú nové poznatky nielen o tejto súčasti rímskeho limitu. Nedávny povrchový zber doplnil obraz o histórii okolitej krajiny o novú chronologickú vrstvu z obdobia novoveku. V 90. rokoch 20. storočia boli počas leteckej prospekcie v priestore medzi Komárnom a Ižou objavené stopy po skupine delostreleckých redút, z ktorých dve boli aj archeologicky preskúmané. Neskorší systematický veľkoplošný povrchový zber odhalil v ich širokom okolí množstvo archeologických nálezov – olovené projektily a kadlub na výrobu projektilov, ktoré tak doplnili nález fragmentu rapíra a kolekciu mincových nálezov, ktoré boli známe už z predchádzajúcich archeologických výskumov. Uvedené nálezy pravdepodobne svedčia o bližšie nešpecifikovanom bojovom strete, ktorý možno spájať s habsbursko-osmanskou konfrontáciou v 16.–17. storočí v skúmanom priestore
The rise of phonological awareness in Spanish early childhood education students
No full textAcquiring phonological awareness involves becoming aware of language as a tool for communication and aspects, such as the sound structure of words and their correspondence with the written language. Researchers place the onset of these cognitive and metalinguistic abilities between the ages of two and a half and four years, coinciding with the Early Childhood Education stage. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a mixed study divided into five stages to verify the results of the application of Jolly Phonics in a 5-year-old classroom, with children learning English as a foreign language. Our motivation was mainly to include activities that encouraged the development of listening comprehension skills in Early Childhood Education. The findings of the research showed some inconsistencies in the learning of foreign language phonemes. Despite some pronunciation errors, the students increased the number of hits once the Jolly Phonics method was applied. The main implication of this study is that difficulties in learning the correct pronunciation can be solved using synthetic methodologies with a variety of resources
Destabilizing black/white and male/female binary systems in Brit Bennett's The Vanishing Half
No full textThis qualitative study, based on content analysis within the theoretical frameworks of Louis Miron and Jonathan Inda's racial performativity and Judith Butler's undoing gender, locates destabilization of black/white and male/female binary systems in Brit Bennett's novel, The Vanishing Half. The constructedness of race and gender are reduced to a form of individual choice and floating signifiers. That racial and gender interpellation undergo a radical transfiguration in the novel is the central argument of this paper. A univocal political signification of the binary systems and the power relation in which it is determined and mobilized turn into an equivocal and fluctuating or fluid signification. The conceptualization and construction of racially and sexually differentiated bodies cease to be predetermined, thereby falsifying that very construction. Through Stella, Reese, and Barry's performances, the novelist shows how the binary systems are destabilized