Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Event records: Determining retention periods and implementing complex requirements within the organization
No full textSecurity Information and Event Management (SIEM) jsou standardní součástí infrastruktury řady organizací. Jde o nástroje sloužící k monitoringu provozu systémů a sítí, korelaci událostí a uchovávání těchto údajů pro jejich pozdější využití. Jde o způsob, jakým je možné shromažďovat a konsolidovat záznamy události a další relevantní informace z různých zdrojů. V principu SIEM umožňuje pružnější reakci na kybernetické události a incidenty, ale přispívá také k efektivnější správě provozovaných systémů a sítí.
SIEM může organizace implementovat mimo jiné za účelem vyhovění legislativním požadavkům, které na organizaci mohou dopadat (např. povinnost monitorovat a vyhodnocovat kybernetické bezpečnostní incidenty). S tím je spojeno mnoho problematických aspektů, které mohou být obtížně identifikovatelné, a to jak IT odborníky pracujícími s uvedenými nástroji, tak právními experty, kteří si nemusí vždy nutně uvědomit složitost technologického řešení.
Článek je zaměřen na výklad a implementaci legislativních požadavků, které dopadají na SIEM způsobem umožňujícím SIEM využít s minimalizací právního rizika plynoucího z nedostatečné implementace. Cílem tohoto textu je (1) vymezit požadavky plynoucí z překrývajících se právních předpisů v oblasti kybernetické bezpečnosti, ochrany osobních údajů a elektronických komunikací, (2) identifikovat místa, kde se překrývají nebo jsou v konfliktu, a (3) navrhnout postupy k zajištění souladu SIEM s právními požadavky.Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is a standard part of the infrastructure of many organizations. These are tools used to monitor the operation of systems and networks, to correlate events, and to store this data for later use. It is a way to collect and consolidate event logs and other relevant information from various sources. In essence, SIEM enables a more flexible response to cyber events and incidents, while also contributing to more efficient management of operated systems and networks.
Organizations may implement SIEM, among other reasons, to comply with applicable legislative requirements (e.g., the obligation to monitor and evaluate cybersecurity incidents). This involves many problematic aspects that can be difficult to identify, both for IT professionals working with these tools and for legal experts, who may not always be aware of the complexity of the technological solution.
The text focuses on interpreting and implementing legislative requirements that affect SIEM, enabling its use while minimizing the legal risk arising from insufficient implementation. The aim is to (1) define the requirements arising from overlapping legislation in the areas of cybersecurity, personal data protection, and electronic communications, (2) identify areas where they overlap or are in conflict, and (3) propose procedures to ensure SIEM compliance with legal requirements
establishing Collaboration Between the Middle Tier, Headteachers, and Statutory Authority Representatives of Primary Schools in the Pilot Area
No full textStudie představuje průběh ustanovování vzájemné spolupráce mezi středním článkem podpory (SČP), řediteli a zřizovateli základních škol (ZŠ) v pilotním území „A“. Za účelem výzkumu byl využit kvalitativní design a s participanty z řad pracovníků SČP, ředitelů škol a jejich zřizovatelů byly vedeny polostrukturované rozhovory. Hlavním cílem studie bylo odhalit mechanismy ustanovování vzájemné spolupráce. Klíčovou roli ve spolupráci sehrává vzájemná důvěra založená na třech pilířích. Důležité je také jasné vymezení oblastí, se kterými může být SČP v území aktérům nápomocný, což se týmu SČP povedlo směrem k ředitelům ZŠ, ne však směrem ke zřizovatelům ZŠ. SČP by mohl mít potenciál sloužit jako podpora ředitelů a zřizovatelů škol, avšak právě nastavení vzájemné spolupráce se jeví pro využití potenciálu jako klíčové.The study presents the establishment of cooperation between the middle point of support, school principals, and representatives of the statutory authorities of primary schools in the pilot area “A”. For the purpose of the research, a qualitative methodology was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from among the members of the middle point of support, school principals, and statutory authority representatives. The main objective of the research is to discover the mechanisms of cooperation. A key role in cooperation is played by mutual trust based on three pillars. It is also important to clearly define the areas in which the middle point of support can be helpful in the region; this was achieved with school principals, but not with the statutory authorities. The middle point of support could have the potential to assist school principals and statutory authority representatives, but the actual establishment of cooperation seems crucial for realizing this potential
Specific features, benefits, and risks of cooperative learning in foreign language teaching
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Malware as a Copyrighted Work: An Analysis of Protection and its Limits in European Law
No full textAčkoliv malware může teoreticky požívat formální autorskoprávní ochrany, autor takového díla by při pokusu o její vymáhání čelil prakticky nepřekonatelným překážkám. Z procesního hlediska by se podáním žaloby doznal k trestné činnosti, zatímco z hmotněprávního hlediska by jakýkoli nárok paralyzovaly fundamentální právní principy, jako je zákaz zneužití práva či doktrína „nečistých rukou“. Současný právní rámec, opírající se o obecné zásady unijního i vnitrostátního práva, tak poskytuje dostatečnou ochranu činnosti antivirových společností a nevyžaduje zavedení nové, specifické legislativní úpravy.Although malware may theoretically receive formal copyright protection, its author would face insurmountable obstacles in any attempt at enforcement. From a procedural standpoint, filing a claim would amount to a confession of criminal activity. From a substantive law perspective, any such claim would be neutralized by fundamental legal principles, such as the prohibition of the abuse of rights or the "unclean hands" doctrine. Therefore, the existing legal framework, relying on the general principles of both EU and national law, provides sufficient protection for the activities of antivirus companies and does not necessitate the introduction of new, specific legislation
AI-powered simulations for business negotiations: Enhancing skill development through technology
No full textThis research investigates the pedagogical value of AI-powered simulations in developing negotiation skills among non-native English-speaking business students. Conducted at the Bratislava University of Economics and Business, it involved 20 undergraduate participants engaging in AI-assisted negotiation tasks over four weeks. Using qualitative methods, reflective journals, simulation transcripts, and semi-structured interviews, the research explored how learners adapted their language, emotional tone, and strategic behaviour in response to AI feedback. Findings reveal significant improvements in strategic awareness, emotional framing, and self-regulated learning. Students reported increased confidence and perceived the simulations as realistic and transferable to professional contexts. While the AI environment supported experimentation and growth, limitations included the absence of full emotional and cultural complexity. The research highlights the potential of integrating AI into negotiation pedagogy as a complement to human instruction, offering a model for future curricular innovation in business communication training
A growing anthropogenic impact on the Arctic environment affects the ecology of polar vegetation
Full text linkRecent climatic changes, anthropogenic impacts and new infrastructure development across the Arctic may increase risks for terrestrial ecosystems. A wide range of anthropogenic impact factors are reported for the Arctic, such as air and marine pollution including plastic, black carbon deposition on snow, remnants from oil, gas, and mining operations, increased land use due to expanding industrial activities leading to habitat loss, and, last but not least, waste and pollution from tourism. Recently, satellite data has revealed the expansion of infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts throughout the Arctic. Regarding the effect of warming on plant biodiversity, both responses are reported, i.e. decreases and increases in the number of plant species forming communities. Air pollution may affect tundra environments and its vegetation in different ways. Black carbon from diesel engines, fires, and other combustion processes can settle on snow, decreasing its ability to reflect sunlight which causes faster melting and changes in water availability for plants. In areas close to settlements, the direct effects of anthropogenic pollutants on vegetation may play a role. In Svalbard, local anthropogenic sources of emission, such as burning fossil fuels in local coal power plants, vehicle exhaust and mining activities contribute to the pollution of the environment and interact with plants. Moreover, wastewater discharged by Longyearbyen into the fjords delivers heavy metals and other pollutants that represent a potential risk to marine algae
Antiviral activity of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. natural plant extract against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus in vitro
Full text linkThe primary goal of our study was to investigate the antiviral potential of natural extract of unique aboriginal Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis. The aqueous-ethanolic extract was assessed in vitro using MDСK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) and PEK (Porcine Embryonic Kidney) cell cultures, challenged with Porcine Coronavirus (TGEV). The observed antiviral properties were juxtaposed with those of synthetic flavonoid compounds, namely apigenin and luteolin. Ultimately, the data show that C. quitensis extracts exhibit in vitro potent antiviral activity against TGEV coronavirus. The composition of natural C. quitensis extracts was investigated using MALDI mass spectrome-try method
