Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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How can Courts Influence which of their Decisions Appear in the Media?
Full text linkTéma komunikace soudů s médii je v moderní demokratické společnosti důležitým, avšak stále trochu opomíjeným problémem. Cílem tohoto článku je představit výsledky výzkumu, který zkoumá efekt tiskových zpráv vydaných trojicí vrcholných tuzemských soudů (Ústavního soudu, Nejvyššího soudu a Nejvyššího správního soudu) na pravděpodobnost mediálního pokrytí jejich rozhodnutí. Výzkum zahrnuje kvantitativní obsahovou analýzu rozhodnutí zkoumaných soudů a polostrukturované rozhovory s novináři a novinářkami, specializujícími se na pokrývání tématu činnosti justice. Závěry výzkumu ukazují, že tiskové zprávy představují jeden z klíčových faktorů, které určují, o jakých rozhodnutích se prostřednictvím médií dozví široká veřejnost.The issue of communication between the courts and the media is an important but still somewhat overlooked problem in a modern democratic society. The aim of this article is to present the results of a research that examines the effect of press releases issued by the top three domestic courts (the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court) on the probability of media coverage of their decisions. The research includes a quantitative content analysis of the courts’ decisions and semi-structured interviews with journalists who cover the activities of the judiciary. The research findings show that press releases are one of the key factors that determine which decisions the general public learns about through the media
Commenment of Arbitration under the Arbitration Rules of International Chamber of Commerce vs. Commencment of Arbitration under the Rules of Court attached to the Czech Chamber of Commerce and the Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic
Full text linkČlánek srovnává proces zahájení rozhodčího řízení podle pravidel Mezinárodní obchodní komory (ICC) a řízení dle Řádu Rozhodčího soudu při Hospodářské komoře ČR a Agrární komoře ČR. Autor se zaměřuje na klíčové otázky jako je sídlo řízení, doručování, konstituce rozhodčího senátu a finanční povinnosti související se zahájením řízení. Předmětem zkoumání je především zjištění rozdílů ve vymezených otázkách v případě řízení s mezinárodním prvkem, přičemž vedle zmíněných pravidel vydaných oběma soudy je při posuzování využito i Vzorového zákona UNCITRAL a zákona č. 216/1994 Sb., o rozhodčím řízení.The article compares the process of commencing arbitration proceedings under the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the proceedings under the Rules of the Arbitration Court attached to the Czech Chamber of Commerce and the Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic. The author focuses on key issues such as the seat of the proceedings, service of process, the constitution of the arbitral tribunal and financial obligations. The main subject of the examination is to identify the differences in the defined issues in the case of proceedings with an international element, while in addition to the mentioned rules issued by both courts, the UNCITRAL Model Law and Act No. 216/1994 Coll., on Arbitration Proceedings, are also used in the assessment
Acute and Delayed Postactivation Performance Enhancement of a Portable Flywheel Isoinertial Device Versus Traditional Resistance Protocol on Countermovement Jump Performance
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to investigate the acute and delayed effects of two postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocols on countermovement jump (CMJ) height without arm work. 16 strength-trained male participants from various team sports performed, in a single-group, non-synchronous crossover experiment, two different PAPE protocols: traditional resistance using free weights (TR) and resistance generated using an isoinertial flywheel device (FW). Familiarization sessions were conducted prior to the protocols. The TR protocol resistance was set at power maximum (Pmax) determined through diagnostic series of progressive loading. The FW protocol used an encoder to set resistances, and the resistance with the highest Pmax in concetric phase was selected. Each protocol consisted of 3 sets of 6 repetitions with a 2-minute rest interval. CMJ height was measured at baseline, 6 minutes, and 24 hours after the both PAPE protocols. The CMJ height significantly increased at 6 minutes after FW protocol (p < 0.01) and after TR protocol (p < 0.05) but did not significantly increase after 24 hours after both protocols (p < 0.05). In conclusion the FW and TR protocol showed significant increases after 6 minutes but not after 24 hours in CMJ height. This suggests that FW and TR protocol can be a effective method for acutely inducing CMJ height improvements but not after 24 hours
Evaluating the Impact of a Physical Activity-Based Behavior Modification Program on Health-Related Fitness in Obese School Boys
Full text linkObesity and overweight have become critical global public health concerns, contributing to the rising incidence of lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, hormonal imbalance, and hypertension. Early intervention through sustainable lifestyle practices is therefore essential. In developing countries, the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing due to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles, highlighting the need for innovative management strategies. This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a physical activity–oriented behavior modification program on health-related fitness (HRF) components in obese children. A total of 40 participants (aged 10–13 years) were selected from 432 screened children from West Bengal, India, according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (EG, n = 20) and a Control Group (CG, n = 20). The EG completed a 12-week intervention comprising (a) Physical Activity Sessions (PAS) four days per week (40–65 minutes/day) and (b) Nutrition Education Sessions (NES) once per week (30 minutes). The CG received no intervention. The selected dependent variables, HRF components—cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, body composition, muscular strength, and muscular endurance—were assessed pre- and post-intervention using standardized tools. Data normality was verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and ANCOVA was employed to analyze baseline and post-intervention outcomes, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The EG showed significant improvements across all HRF variables compared with the CG (p < 0.00001). These findings demonstrate that school-based behavior modification programs are highly effective in enhancing HRF components in obese school boys, promoting improved physical fitness and encouraging long-term adherence to active lifestyles.
Occurrence and flux of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settling particulate matter from the water column in Fildes Bay, Antarctica
Full text linkThis study investigates the occurrence, sources and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in settling particulate matter (SPM) from the water column from two locations in Fildes Bay (King George Island), Antarctica. Fildes Bay is an area influenced by research stations, maritime activities, and tourism. The SPM sample was obtained from a Sediment trap (20–50 m depth) during summer Antarctic expeditions. In this work, which complements our previous study regarding of PAHs (18), PAHs were quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results show Σ18PAHs ranged from 2 to 18 ng g-1 dry weight (DW), in which PAHs predominate 2- to 3- ring. The fluxes from SPM in the water column ranged from 0.03 to 0.70 ng m-2 day-1 and increased near Collins Glacier. The temporal variability observed during the sampling period highlights the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. These findings contribute to the scarce dataset available for Antarctic marine environments and emphasize the importance of long-term monitoring to assess pollutant dynamics under changing climatic conditions
Aesthetic-Therapeutic Component of the Harmonious Development of a Personality in Ukrainian and Polish Pedagogy in the Late 19th-20th Century
No full textThe article deals with a retrospective analysis of the content of the aesthetic-therapeutic component of the formation of a creative harmonious personality in Ukrainian and Polish pedagogy in the late nineteenth – twentieth century. It is defined the essence of aesthetic therapy as an integrative humanistic technology of activating the emotional sphere of a personality with the aim of providing psychologically comfortable conditions for creative personal fulfi lment. The problem of individual creative and spiritual development of a child by means of aesthetic therapy is highlighted in the views of prominent national humanist-educators (A. Makarenko, Ya. Korczak, S. Rusova, V. Sukhomlynskyi). It is proven that the most characteristic features of Ukrainian and Polish folk pedagogy are high aestheticization, Christian-spiritual and extreme nature-based content, that are fully consistent with the basic postulates of the aesthetic-therapeutic concept of personality formation
The Role of Personality in Athletes’ Professionalism
Full text linkThis study investigates the complex interplay among personality types and professionalism in the realm of sports. The objective is to explore the relationship between personality traits, sex, age, experience in national teams, the sport they engage in, their accomplishments, duration of their sports careers, and levels of professionalism in athletes. The study involves 761 active sports participants, aged 18 to 38, selected through the snowball sampling technique. Data collection relies on the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to evaluate personality types and the Professionalism Scale for Athletes (PSA) to measure professionalism levels. Results reveal no significant sex-based differences in personality types or professionalism levels, although females exhibit advantages in specific personality sub-dimensions. Athletes with national team experience and those engaged in individual sports demonstrate heightened professionalism, emphasizing unique opportunities and personal responsibility. Those with international and regional achievements, older athletes, and those with prolonged sports engagement display elevated professionalism levels. The correlation between personality dimensions (openness to experience, agreeableness, and extraversion) and professionalism underscores the multifaceted nature of professional behavior. In conclusion, the study provides comprehensive insights into the relationships shaping athletes’ professionalism, emphasizing the need for continued exploration to uncover additional contributing factors
English in the mallscape: Exploring linguistic landscape (LL) of quasi-public space in India
Full text linkIndia has only recently witnessed LL-based studies, where gaps are still evident. Shopping malls are mushrooming in urban and semi-urban neighborhoods, providing fertile grounds to witness LL-based phenomena from the vantage point of English. An LL-based case study of shopping malls in the city of Siliguri has been attempted with the analysis of 170 photographic data that constitute the “mallscape” of the city. Findings reveal that English dominates the mallscape as a language of symbolic capital while indigenous languages assume an associate role in the mallscape. The prominence of English has negatively impacted the visibility of native languages, whereas the former occupies a more prestigious position. This has not only led to cultural erosion but has also hampered the identity of the indigenous communities