University at Albany, State University of New York
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Investigating User Awareness of Privacy and Security Concerns in the IoT Era
Get PDFThe Internet of Things (IoT) has had a significant impact on the way we view and interact with technology. This is especially prevalent in the areas of smart homes, smart tech, and mobile devices. However, despite the advantageous functions of IoT devices, they are accompanied by numerous security concerns that enable several severe privacy concerns. Many studies and informative articles present ideas that explain and prove the presence of the various risks associated with IoT devices and the need to address them. This thesis paper aims to explore the relationship between IoT device usage and security and privacy risks as well as to display the prevalence of IoT devices and compare the perception of risk of IoT device users to the actual risk associated with using said devices. To do so, we used a survey of students and faculty members at SUNY Albany that explored the level to which respondents perceived the risk of using IoT devices and descriptions of each IoT device user’s perception and any manners or methods they take to mitigate any risk of IoT devices. The result from this work shows that individuals associated with or attending UAlbany are familiar with IoT devices and use them often while being moderately to highly concerned and worried about the security and privacy risks associated with these devices. This work also shows that those who use IoT devices are unfamiliar with the types of data these devices collect about users and most users do not take any security measures to protect their devices. Based on our literature review and research study conducted across UAlbany, we can conclude that most users of IoT devices are continuing to use such devices despite their worry of security and privacy risks and lack of knowledge about how their data is being collected
Implicit Bias Training for Police: Impacts on Enforcement Disparities
Get PDFObjective: To estimate the behavioral impacts of training police officers in implicit bias awareness and management. Hypotheses: Training police in implicit bias reduces racial and ethnic disparities in stops, arrests, summonses, frisks, searches, and/or use of force. Method: A cluster randomized controlled trial using the stepped wedge design was applied to 14,471 officers in the New York City Police Department, with a one-day training delivered to clusters of police commands between May 2018 and April 2019, and outcomes measured with police records of individual events from April 2018 through May 2019. Police records were supplemented with survey data on 1,973 officers matched to administrative data. For each type of enforcement action, the likelihood that the action involved or was taken against Black or Hispanic suspects, respectively, relative to White suspects was estimated, controlling for potential confounders. Additional analysis allowed for estimating training effects of different magnitudes for Black, Hispanic, and White officers, and for officers with greater motivation to act without prejudice or greater concern about discrimination. Results: None of the estimated training effects achieved statistical significance at the .05 level. Conclusions: No evidence of behavioral impacts of the training were detected. Several explanations for the null findings are considered
Understanding Teacher Behavior and its Influence on Student On-Task Behavior
Get PDFStudent behavior in the classroom is a significant predictor of student outcomes and teacher satisfaction. But, teachers report classroom management to be challenging. Finding simple, cost-effective methods of improving student behavior in the classroom can vastly improve long-term success for students. This study seeks to better understand how class size relates to teacher praise and movement, and how these teacher behaviors relate to student on-task behavior. Previous research suggests on-task behavior improves with more teacher praise and movement in the classroom. The current study used data collected using the Bx Management Tool as part of the Osage County Fall 2019 G-Study. Regression analyses were used to measure the relationship between class size and teacher praise and teacher movement, as well as to measure the relationship between each of these teacher behaviors and on-task behavior in students. Although not statistically significant, a positive relationship was found between class size and teacher movement, teacher praise and on-task behavior, and teacher movement and on-task behavior. A non-significant, negative relationship was found between class size and teacher praise. These findings are consistent with previous research; and although no findings were significant, they support the idea that simple, cost-effective behavior management strategies can improve outcomes for students and teachers. It is important that teachers are provided support in order to improve their use of these strategies in their classrooms
The Shifting Suns: A New Understanding of the Five Suns Story of the Mexica Empire and 16th Century Colonial Mexico
Get PDFIn this dissertation, I study the Mexica creation story commonly known as the Five Suns Story (Abbreviation: FSS) to explain the coexistence of multiple texts of FSS, the evolution of FSS from 1400 to 1600, and its multiple functions in multiple cultural spheres of the Mexica society. In contrast to previous studies up to the 1990s, whose main goals were to cite the Five Suns Story as part of a larger research topics, reconstruct a pure pre-Columbian version of the story, and analyze specific aspects of its symbolism, I conduct an intensive study of the FSS that brings together multiple sources including Spanish and Nahuatl documents, five major monuments associated with the FSS, pre-Columbian painted documents, relevant artifacts, a few Mayan texts, cultural analogy from selected ethnographies, and a few items from modern scientific data. This approach has been influenced by academic trends known as New Conquest History and New Philology, whose focus is to understand diverse interactions among the indigenous communities and Spanish colonizers.
From an obscure background with possible influence from Mayan regions, the FSS emerged as an extension of the Mesoamerican calendar. It originally had four suns presenting the cycle of life. Later, anonymous priests of Tenochtitlan invented another version with five suns to politically justify Tenochtitlan as the center of a universal empire maintaining the fertility and immortality of the current sun through rituals. With this process, the new FSS came to contain numerous sets of symbols, like the implicit role of the god Quetzalcoatl as the Venus star. After 1503, as a result of by King Moteuczoma II’s policies to maintain his kingship, the FSS with five suns was shared among upper class members of the Mexica society through various means, possibly including circulation of painted books, rituals, religious artifact production, construction of monuments including the famous Calendar Stone, and social events like the New Fire Ceremony in 1507. As a result, the FSS with five suns functioned as a part of the imperial solar cult of Tenochtitlan.
After the fall of Tenochtitlan in 1521, the FSS was modified by Spanish priests and a few Christianized Nahua scholars. To serve diverse purposes like the verification of Nahuas’ Christian virtues and assisting world-wide evangelization, those scholars and priests created another new FSS with motifs borrowed from Christian traditions, especially from the Book of Genesis. The FSS was transformed into an ancient epic depicting humans’ continuous survival from recurring disasters. The notion, widespread in scholarly and popular contexts, that FSS predicts an apocalyptic end to the fifth and final sun derives from this introduction of Christian elements to the story, and was not a characteristic of the pre-Columbian FSS
Improving Ethics Surrounding Collegiate-Level Hacking Education: Comprehensive Implementation Plan & Affiliation with Peer-Led Initiatives
No full textExamining the Effects of Video Self-Modeling with Goal Setting on Third-Grade Students\u27 Oral Reading Fluency
No full textVideo self-modeling (VSM) is an intervention based on Bandura’s (1999) theory of observational learning, which assumes that children learn a target behavior by observing a more competent model. VSM is assumed to provide an effective model from which children can learn given that the learner and model are the same person but differ only in their skills. More recently, studies have explored the effectiveness of VSM as an intervention for oral reading fluency (ORF) and showed promising results. Goal setting (GS) is another intervention that has been found to be effective in increasing students’ performance by motivating them to meet their goal and self-monitor their progress.
The current study aimed to expand the existing reading intervention literature by evaluating the effectiveness of VSM as a standalone intervention as well as the additive effect of integrating GS with VSM on ORF. The hypotheses were that VSM alone would be effective in increasing students’ ORF and that adding GS to VSM would further enhance the effectiveness of VSM. The participants were four general education students in third grade who were identified as needing additional reading support due to performing below grade level expectations based on their school’s multi-tier systems of support (MTSS) universal reading assessment. All students were concurrently receiving small group reading interventions from their school.
A multiple-baseline design across participants was used with each participant being exposed to four phases in the following order: 1) baseline, 2) VSM, 3) VSM with GS, and 4) maintenance. To analyze the results, a combination of visual analysis, in accordance with the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC; Kratochwill et al., 2010) standards, and hierarchical linear modeling, was utilized.
Consistent with previous studies, the results showed that VSM alone was associated with an increase in words correct per minute (WCPM) where the four participants averaged an increase of 8.5 WCPM (RangeΔ = 2.00 - 14.20) compared to baseline. Additionally, the additive effect of GS when combined with VSM produced an additional average increase of 10.37 WCPM (RangeΔ= 2.63 – 18.67) across participants. Despite this increase in average ORF performance, the results of the visual analysis revealed inconsistent immediate effects and trends, as well as high variability and overlap across phases and participants. Therefore, the interventions did not demonstrate sufficient intervention effects to support their effectiveness based on the WWC criteria. The results from the HLM analysis supported the visual analysis as they revealed treatment effects that lacked statistical significance. A discussion of the interpretation, implications, and limitations of the results as well as future directions is provided
Apoyo a la investigación en estudios sobre el queso en España Desarrollo de colecciones y necesidades de los investigadores
No full textEsta investigación tiene dos objetivos: por un lado, ofrecer un panorama
sobre la producción editorial sobre estudios del queso en América Latina
y España y cómo podemos construir colecciones en este campo. Por otro
lado, facilitar información práctica para aquellos investigadores interesados
en desarrollar proyectos de investigación destacando archivos y bibliotecas
en España que cuentan con valiosas fuentes secundarias y, especialmente,
colecciones de fuentes primarias. El autor de este trabajo ha creado una
bibliografía especializada en este tema cuyo objetivo es dar visibilidad a
una literatura muy dispersa, difícil de localizar, y no muy conocida entre
la comunidad investigadora, especialmente en el caso de fuentes primarias
“A True Tower of Babel”: Nation, Race, and Gender in the French Foreign Legion, 1831 to 1854
Get PDFThe French Foreign Legion, part of the July Monarchy’s 1831 expansion of the Army of Africa, sought to create a non-French force entirely deployable outside of the metropole. The creation of the expatriate corps intended to solve two of France’s most pressing problems at the time: an excess of foreign migrants at home, and a dearth of French soldiers abroad. The Paris government hoped to attract recruits from its considerable non-national male population, particularly political exiles and migrant workers fleeing Europe’s 1830 revolutionary wave. Initially intended as a temporary expedient for the homeland’s demographic crisis, the expatriate fighting force grew to become one of the most recognizable units in the Army of Africa, the embodiment of both the best and worst of the nation’s martial masculine heritage. But the project betrayed an inherent contradiction, one that continued to plague both the Legion and France’s imperial legacy in Algeria for more than a century to come: a French corps comprised almost entirely of non-French members, raised in France but destined to serve only beyond its borders. From the Legion’s very inception France struggled to precisely define the relationship between the homeland and this body of foreigners fighting in its name. And this ambiguity led to more than a crisis of conscience: it bore very real consequences for the people who toiled within its ranks and relinquished their lives and senses of self in pursuit of France’s colonial power. The Foreign Legion from 1831 to 1854 became an arena in which competing views of French national identity played out. At the heart of the struggle, the foreign recruits challenged assumptions as they negotiated their participation in France’s efforts to assimilate them into the imperial project
Dishes of Yesteryear: Memories, Stories, and Representations of the Past within Food Media
Get PDFIn 1963, Julia Child revolutionized cooking television. Child’s The French Chef, which ran for ten years on the Boston public television station, WGBH, changed how American’s viewed, produced, and consumed food. And in the sixty years since Child’s debut, food media has grown in scope and popularity, increasingly altering how we communicate identity in and through food and foodways. In this dissertation, I examine the relation between food, media, and memory, with particular attention to: how the past moderates the connection between food and identity; how food media produce a sense of place integral to identity; and how food media reinforces the gendered, racial, and class structures of identity. Through a qualitative analysis of three case studies—a podcast, a social media account, and a television program, respectively—I argue that food media and its application of imagined digital commensality, vis-à-vis nostalgia, creates spaces that rely on and perpetuate dominant perceptions of gender, class, and race