Assam Don Bosco University Journals
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FREQUENCY VARIATIONS, THE SPEED OF SOUND AND THE GRAVITATIONAL RED SHIFT
Get PDFThe relationships between frequency, wavelength and speed of waves is considered for both sound and light waves. Einstein's prediction of the gravitational red shift was based on an important observation about the dependence of measured frequencies of light waves on gravitational potential. He pointed out that the only reason observers located on the earth's surface and the lower potential of the sun could differ on their value of a given light frequency is because their respective timing devices do not run at the same rate, even though they are otherwise completely equivalent ("gleich beschaffen"). This amounts to assuming that the unit if time varies with gravitational potential. The analogous conclusion holds for all other physical properties. In effect, this means that there is a conversion factor between the units of each quantity for any pair of rest frames that the respective stationary observers located there can use to quantitatively relate the measurements of one another. How this factor, referred to as S, can be determined in general is discussed. Furthermore, it is argued on the basis of experiments with atomic clocks that an analogous conversion factor (Q) can also be determined for each pair of rest frames. On basis of the Law of Causality it can be assumed that the rate of an inertial clock cannot change spontaneously. This conclusion (Newtonian Simultaneity) rules out any occurrence of remote non-simultaneity, contrary to what is predicted on the basis of the Lorentz transformation
STUDY OF NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE-BETA DECAY AND JARLSKOG INVARIANT FOR THE TWO-ZERO TEXTURES IN MINIMAL EXTENDED SEESAW MECHANISM
Get PDFIn this work we study the effective Majorana mass in neutrinoless double-beta decay for the two-zero textures of neutrino mass matrices in minimal extended type-I seesaw (MES) mechanism i.e (3+1) scenario, incorporating one extra gauge singlet field “S”. The MES model deals with (), () and mass matrix () which couples with the right-handed neutrinos and the singlet field “S”. Here only those two-zero textures are considered which are of rank 3, thereby the number of feasible zero textures reduces to 12, out of 15. In this work we consider the (4+4) scheme where the digits in the pair represent the number of zeros of and respectively, along with the one/two-zero textures of . This formalism leads to one sterile neutrino in eV scale. We are motivated to work on eV scale sterile neutrino for the solution to the LSND anomaly which is still alive experimentally. We have also shown the and plots for all the two-zero textures considered
Controlling Traffic System Based On the Count of Vehicles and Pedestrian Density
Get PDFTraffic congestions and overcrowding of our streets with vehicles is a common scene in most of the major Indian towns. The inefficient traffic signals have aided to this traffic congestions. Both pedestrians and vehicle are held up in the traffic crossings for a long time due to the poor implementation of traffic signals. In this paper, a method is demonstrated to control the traffic signals based on the count of automobiles and pedestrians. Infrared sensors are used to sense the count of automobile and the pedestrian count is calculated using MATLAB. The data from both these systems are given to an Arduino board. Based on the information obtained, the traffic signal is controlled by the Arduino
An Approach to improve the Performance of Total Cross-tied connected PV array in Partial shading condition
Get PDFDue to the partial shading condition (PSC) in solar PV systems, performance degrades to a large extent. To overcome from this problem bypass diode is used which creates the problem of multiple local maxima. Therefore, total cross-tied (TCT) connection is introduced in the literature, which improves the performance of PV systems in PSC without using bypass diode. But the performance improvement in TCT connection is also limited. Because for some particular shading pattern the efficiency cannot be improved beyond a certain limit. In line with this, an algorithm is proposed in this paper through which the performance of a PV array can be improved. Here, the performance of a PV array is improved by distributing the shading effect on the entire PV array, which reduces the mismatch losses and to enhance the power output of the PV array
Simulation based Evaluation of Attribute Aware Scheduling in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Get PDFIn many applications of sensor networks, it is required to sense multiple physical parameters of the same region. So multiple different types of sensors are deployed. Such networks are known as heterogeneous networks. In tree based heterogeneous networks, complete aggregation is not possible at every node. The reason is that parent and child node may be of different types. The term Attribute is used to refer to type of packet. When objective is to maximize aggregation, parent selection should be done such that packet sent by given node should be aggregated as soon as possible in its path towards the sink. This approach would result in reduction in schedule length of the tree. Such an algorithm is known as Attribute Aware Scheduling Algorithm. In this work, one such algorithm is evaluated through simulations. It is found that Attribute Aware Scheduling results in better aggregation, smaller schedule length, and reduction in energy consumption. The reduction in schedule length means smaller latency and reduction in energy consumption means extended network lifetime
A survey of Advanced Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Networks
Get PDFRadio spectrum resource demand has increased extraordinarily due to emerging broadband wireless applications which have resulted to critical spectrum shortage problem. Cognitive radio technology is promising technology that can effectively use unutilized licensed spectrum and can solve spectrum shortage problem. Spectrum sensing is the key element of cognitive radio network to find unused spectrum. Hence effective and accurate spectrum sensing is compulsory for cognitive radio network. This paper is a survey of various advanced spectrum sensing techniques. This paper covers basics of spectrum sensing along with its classification and challenges of spectrum sensing
A NEW ENHANCED GOAT ALGORITHM FOR FINDING OPTIMUM SWITCHING ANGLE AND HARMONIC REDUCTION
Get PDFAbstract:-Multi level inverters are used now a days at large,because they have lesser harmonics than single level inverter. Several methodologies have been worked out in order to reduce the harmonics.It has been proved that the soft computing algorithms based switching angle calculation are more efficient than the conventional methods.In this paper a 7 level inverter has been used for DC to AC conversion.A new nature inspired Goat algorithm has been proposed in this paper.This algorithm has been applied for a single phase seven level inverter first. This algorithm has been tested by writing proper code in MATLAB-Mfile and it has been found that it consumes less computational time than the other algorithms since several goats explore solution space at a time. The results show that the harmonics obtained from inverter using the switching angles calculated from the algorithm are very much reduced and THD is almost around 12%.Key Words-7 level inverter, Goat algorithm, Switching angle ,Total harmonic distortio
Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of RCC Framed Structure having an Arched Beam
Get PDFIn Civil Engineering, the requirement of large span frame structures is in demand which provide more clear space without any obstacles. The seismic design of these types of structures is more complicated than regular framed structures. In this study, Response Reduction Factor (R) is evaluated for RCC frame having different type of arched beams using the software SAP2000. The value of R is investigated for realistic RCC frame having straight beam, segmental arch, semi-circular arch and parabolic arch for different earthquake zones. Non-linear static pushover analysis is conducted to measure the R factor which is very important for economic design and safe structure. Design detailing of a structure is done as per the provisions of Indian standards. The results show that the value of R drastically changes with different earthquake zones, which is not specified in Indian standards. Other significant conclusions are also provided in this study
Image Cryptography using Parameterized Multiband Eigen Wavelet Filterbank
Get PDFIn this paper, we present an eigen filterbank based approach for image cryptography. The proposed method consists of designing a wavelet filterbank using eigenfilter based approach and use the designed filterbank for image encryption with new methodology. We have extended an eigenfilter based approach for the design of multiband two-channel filter bank. This method is based on designing multiband analysis filter, followed by the design of complementary multiband synthesis filter. The designed filterbank has various user defined parameters (key) like, number of bands in the filter spectrum, cutoff frequency of individual frequency band and the level of decomposition. Based on the selection of these parameters we can design a unique filterbank, which can be used for the image encryption. At the decryption end, the original image can be reconstructed only if user selected parameters are known. We present few design examples for the illustration purpose. We also give detail of complexity analysis of the entire cryptography system and also present the time analysis. The proposed approach provides more number of user parameters as compared to state-of-art methods, which can be used as more secure key. It is also observed that the computation time of the proposed approach is comparable