Winona State University

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    Teacher\u27s Contract 1877, School District Nine, Winona County, Minnesota

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    1882 teacher\u27s contract between Annie W. Robb and School District Number Nine of Winona County, Minnesotahttps://openriver.winona.edu/wsuphotographs-minnesotareflections/1281/thumbnail.jp

    Teacher\u27s Contract 1877, School District Nine, Winona County, Minnesota

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    1890 teacher\u27s contract between Annie W. Robb and School District Number Nine of Winona County, Minnesotahttps://openriver.winona.edu/wsuphotographs-minnesotareflections/1289/thumbnail.jp

    Navigating the Graduate Student Experience: Grit, Growth, and Persistence

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    Graduate students navigate challenges in higher education with determination and tenacity. Postgraduate studies are enticing for career and personal advancement, but with an attrition rate of 12 – 26%, even the best students fail. The expectation and pressure to maintain high academic standards are often daunting. Many graduate students battle with emotional health and feelings of isolation, work-life balance, asynchronous learning, and other invisible factors, but still manage to find motivation to persist. We used personal experiences, information, and insight from our Winona State University leadership communication class to examine potential difficulties graduate students face. We backed our findings with extensive research that identified possible solutions to mitigate common struggles that students face in higher education. Strategies to endure these obstacles include building a tight-knit community among peers and professors, advocating for personal well-being, and finding a balance. Identifying these hurdles and learning to manage them is key to a successful graduate experience

    Jo Stejskal: A Legacy of Caring Leadership

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    The Living History Project presents a video about Dr. Jo Stejskal, Professor of Nursing (for 41 years) and NCAA Faculty Representative at Winona State University. Student writers and cinematographers: Olivia Barnholtz, Elena Bremen (producer), Holly Foss (editor). Narrator Siri Corsonhttps://openriver.winona.edu/livinghistoryproject/1059/thumbnail.jp

    Tom Sawyer: A Coach\u27s Legacy: The Story of Tom Sawyer

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    The Living History Project presents a video about Winona State University Head Football Coach Tom Sawyer. Coach Sawyer coached at Winona State University for 25 years. The student writers are Kenneth Goroztieta (producer), Aubree Hansen (director). Narrated by Ryan Glynn. Edited by Ross Vanderwall. Cinematography by Aubree Hansen and Ross Vanderwal.https://openriver.winona.edu/livinghistoryproject/1061/thumbnail.jp

    Geospatial Analysis of Flood Risk on Housing Price in Fargo, ND

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    Flooding, one of the most destructive natural hazards, causes millions of dollars in damage each year. As climate change intensifies, even ar-eas previously less prone to flooding may become increasingly vulner-able. Fargo, ND, has experienced multiple floods in the past, high-lighting the growing risk. This research evaluates the relationship be-tween flood risk and property values in Fargo, ND

    ​Position Utilization and Leadership of Senior Women Administrators in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference​

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    The purpose of this study was to complete an investigation regarding SWA’s within the NSIC regarding their job position utilization and career confidence. Originally, women’s collegiate sports were administered by women. Once female and male sports were represented under a single association, significant female representation in leadership was lost. In 2022, female NCAA athletes made up for 44% of the athlete population (Statista, n.d.). However, 72.8% of the athletic directors governing these athletes are men (Zippia, n.d.). Following the dearth of female representation in athletics administration, it was clear that something needed to change. This study aimed to reveal whether the creation of the SWA is serving its original purpose.   The senior woman administrator position was created to give women a seat at the decision-making table in athletic departments. The inclusion of women with the SWA position was a start to shrinking the gender gap that exists in collegiate athletic administrations. Proper use and implementation of this role would highlight the importance of a female voice in athletic administration. Recommendations regarding SWA utilization would do nothing but benefit universities’ athletic departments. A female’s voice cannot be replicated by a man. A female’s experiences will always be different than their male counterparts. Therefore, it is crucial that the SWA position continues to be analyzed and improved so that it serves its original purpose: to promote meaningful representation of women in the leadership and management of college sports (National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2013).  This study was created with the overarching goal of understanding the degree to which Senior Woman Administrators in DII athletic departments are satisfied with their job positions and to gauge changes in their perceived level of confidence over their career. The survey and interview content were created with the intent to adequately answer the following research questions:  RQ 1:  How do the experiences of female athletic directors in DII athletic departments impact their level of confidences as an SWA? RQ 2: How do senior women administrators perceive their effectiveness in DII athletic departments?  This study centers around a Division II college athletic conference in the NCAA. The Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) is home to 15 teams located in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Participants in this study must be the Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) at their respective university. 14 of the 15 teams in the NSIC have SWAs. The study had a participation rate of 85.7%, gathering information from 12 of the 14 SWAs.  This study’s research design will follow a mixed method’s approach. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected through Zoom interviews and a Qualtrics survey. Information collected from zoom interviews enriched the survey data and provided a clearer understanding of how the SWA role is being used within the NSIC. It also provided insight into female athletic directors’ perceived level of job confidence and use of the SWA designation in the NSIC.  The implications of this study and recommended applications of the results will present themselves following the completion of the data collection process

    Collaboration and Partnership Creation as a Method to Best Support Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)

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    Background: There is a growing need for inclusive healthcare for individuals with IDD. There is a gap in clinical training of care for individuals with IDD. Formal clinical training for IDD was lacking in 40% to 86% of healthcare providers [Khanlou et al., (2021); Friedman & VanPuymbrouck (2024)]. This lack of specialized training contributes to healthcare disparities.  Individuals with IDD have a life expectancy of 66.1 years, which is approximately 20 years shorter than the general population [Roll & Bower (2017); Friedman & VanPuymbrouck (2024)]. Additionally, 17 to 36% of individuals with IDD experiences limited access to healthcare providers, further exacerbating health inequities [Jeste et. al., (2020); Friedman & VanPuymbrouck (2024)]. The financial burden associated with IDD care is substantial. The annual healthcare cost for individuals with IDD are approximately four times higher than the general population, underscoring the need for improved training, accessibility, and comprehensive care strategies (Shady et al., 2022).    Problem:  Limited education and training in medical schools and nursing schools on caring for individuals with IDD create significant gaps in knowledge, awareness, and communication [Desroches (2019); Friedman & VanPuymbrouck (2021); Kemer & Appelbaum & Fremion (2024); Khanlou et. al., (2021); Rolls & Bowers (2016); Shady et. al., (2022); Smith e.t al., (2021)]. Many providers do not feel confident in communicating or supporting individuals with IDD due to a lack of education [Shady et al., (2022); Smith et. al., (2021)].  Methods: This project incorporated the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Students engaged in community action participatory research to assess the local Winona community through the eyes of an individual with an IDD. The groups participated in windshield surveys and actively explored the environment utilizing a wheelchair. Students assessed components of the environment and identified strengths and barriers of the community. Assessments were conducted through routine visits with individuals from HCO (Home & Community Options) over four weeks.  An IRB-approved survey was created to assess the WSU campus and local community’s awareness of IDD. The survey was sent out to 1,000 randomly selected WSU undergraduates and nursing students. There were 121 responses that were analyzed.   Outcomes:  Upon assessment of the Winona community as a wheelchair-dependent individual there is room for improvement in accessibility and safety. Through first-hand experiences with the IDD population, there was a continuous theme of the importance for education in the classroom setting and experiential learning to appropriately provide care for vulnerable populations.  Data collected from the brief survey indicates a significant gap in awareness and understanding of IDD and local resources.   Conclusion:  The survey was used to inform about awareness and direct next steps with future nursing collaborations. HCO collaboration with WSU Nursing to establish a guide to clinical experiences providing opportunities to enhance nursing education while improving the care of individuals with IDD would be beneficial

    A House Divided by Itself Cannot Stand: Partisan Divide, How Americans Vote, and Why It Matters in the Modern Era

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    From 2000 to 2016, there has been a sharp increase in the partisan divide among American voters, however, there do not exist many studies in the modern era describing how we have gotten to this point. It is my hypothesis that the divide was most prevalent in three key elections, those being the 2000 election between George Bush and Al Gore, the 2008 election between Barack Obama and John McCain, and the 2016 election between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, and that the levels of partisanship influenced how Americans voted in those elections. To measure this, I will be looking at the ANES data from those three elections and rating why Americans liked either the Democratic or Republican candidate on the ANES 7 point scale using six key categories: economic policies, foreign policies, campaign promises, policies, personality, and experience in politics. To measure the level of partisanship I will be looking at why respondents liked either the Democratic or Republican party and respondent views on the 2nd Amendment and gun control, abortion, the environment, and the economy

    Development of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of alcohols in hand sanitizers

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    The purpose of this research was to determine which alcohols are present in commonly found hand sanitizers and what their unknown concentrations are. In addition to determining the concentration of alcohol in hand sanitizer, the research performed was implemented as a new piece of curriculum in the instrumental analysis class. This research allowed for the design of a lab that allows students to obtain hands on experience with the GC-FID while learning about its performance and capabilities. The GC-FID was used as the piece of analytical instrumentation for the determination of alcohol concentration in hand sanitizers. This test required the use of internal standards, calculations, dilutions, and proper instrument analysis. The GC-FID was chosen for this research due to its ability to accurately measure highly volatile chemicals at extreme precision. Each alcohol was initially tested alone with the internal standard to determine retention time and to give a known concentration value for an area under the curve. Many adjustments were made to the GC-FID method to obtain the most accurate values. The results show that both of the store-bought hand sanitizers do not meet FDA standards. The amount of ethanol measured in both samples was also less than what was listed on the hand sanitizer container. The Wish Peach Hand Sanitizer was measured at 46.6% ethanol concentration while the package said it contained 70% ethanol. This leads to a percent error of 50.21%. The Symmetry Hand Sanitizer had much more accurate results, the observed value was 59.08% and the package had a concentration of 62%. This yields a percent error of 4.94%. This signifies the accuracy of the method that is being tested. The large reason for error in the Wish Hand Sanitizer would be due to the consistency of the sanitizer. The micropipette struggled to pick up the hand sanitizer making it difficult to accurately quantify

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