Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (HiOA): Open Access Journals
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Svenska kommuners samverkan om gymnasieskolan : Drivkrafter, förutsättningar och hinder
No full textUpper secondary school is an area where inter-municipal cooperation has become more common in recent years. Strong hopes are attached to the municipalities, by collaborating with each other, to be able to produce educationmore efficiently and effectively. However, previous research indicates that inter-municipal collaboration on upper secondary education may be associated with significant costs and risks. Although inter-municipal cooperation on upper secondary education is necessary for most municipalities, in this area there are at the same time strong incentives for municipalities to compete with each other for upper secondary school students. The purpose of this study is to analyse Swedish municipalities\u27 views on driving forces, conditions and obstacles for intermunicipal collaboration on upper secondary education. The study is based on empirical data from a survey aimed at officials responsible for upper secondary education in the municipalities. The study shows that the municipalities\u27 collaboration is largely driven by a desire to broaden the range of education. The study also shows that collaboration is made more difficult by what is perceived as complicated collaboration processes and an uneven distribution of power between the municipalities. On the other hand, a lack of trust between participating municipalities, or having bad experiences of previous collaborations, does not seem to constitute any major obstacles to co-operation. Finally, the study shows that the larger urban municipalities are perceived as central nodes for inter-municipal collaboration in this area.Gymnasieskolan är ett område i vilket mellankommunal samverkan har blivit vanligare under senare år. Starka förhoppningar knyts till att kommunerna, genom att samverka med varandra, ska kunna producera utbildningar mer effektivt och ändamålsenligt. Tidigare forskning har dock visat att mellankommunal samverkan är förknippad med betydande kostnader och risker, särskilt inom ett sådant område som gymnasieskolan. Där har kommunerna nämligen starka incitament att, samtidigt som man samverkar, konkurrera med varandra (om elever och invånare). Syftet med den här studien är att fördjupa kunskapen om dessa frågor genom att analysera ledande kommunala tjänstemäns syn på drivkrafter, förutsättningar och hinder för mellankommunal samverkan om gymnasieskolan. Studien baseras på empiriska data från en enkätundersökning riktad till kommunala tjänstemän med ansvar för gymnasieskolan i kommunerna. Studien visar att kommunernas samverkan i hög utsträckning drivs av en vilja att bredda utbildningsutbudet. Studien visar också att samverkan försvåras av det som man upplever som krångliga samverkansprocesser och en ojämn fördelning av makt mellan kommunerna. Däremot verkar inte brist på tillit mellan deltagande kommuner, eller att man har dåliga erfarenheter av tidigare samarbeten, utgöra några stora hinder för samverkan. Slutligen visar studien att de större stadskommunerna upplevs som centrala noder för mellankommunal samverkan inom detta område
Portal-time and wanderlines: What does virusing-with make possible in childhood research?
No full textThis paper emerged from the forces of a pandemic that invited us to wrestle with what ‘virusing-with’ might potentiate in educational research-creation (Manning, 2016a). We sense the Coronavirus perform its agency on childhood in the Capitalocene in new, troubling, and sometimes hopeful ways. Research-creation has compelled us to dwell upon how virusing-with makes attuning differently to the world possible. We contemplate how virusing-with as concept and method holds the potential to disrupt and reformulate ways to undertake research and ways to conceptualise the child. Inspired by Manning’s (2020) recent work in relation to the child of the wanderline, we explore how multiple wanderlines take shape and interweave through research processes. Through the curation of three threshold events we think-do qualitative research in ways that push ideas and practices about childhood in directions that attend to agentic relationalities between the human, non-human and more-than-human. We argue that practices of virusing-with in portal time provides space for coming-into-relations of differences (Manning, 2016a, p.11) as an ecology of practice that shapes how educational research might be conceptualised and practiced
Could posterior-anterior projection cervical spine radiographs improve image quality and dose reduction
No full textIntroduction: Anterior-posterior (AP) cervical spine X-rays are routine examinations to assess degenerative change, persistent pain and traumatic injuries. Multiple radiosensitive organs lie anteriorly within this anatomical region, increasing the stochastic risk of cancer. If a posterior-anterior (PA) projection was utilised, the radiation dose could potentially be reduced. The hypothesis of this study is to evaluate the change in radiation dose and image quality between AP and PA positions.
Materials and methods: An anthropomorphic phantom was positioned AP erect against a digital radiography (DR) detector with 30 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) inserted to record the thyroid, breast, ovaries, and testes absorbed radiation dose at an exposure of 66 kV and 8 mAs. The phantom was repositioned PA erect and repeated. Images were assessed against an image quality criteria Likert scale by qualified radiographers. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for dose and image quality and compared using a t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.
Results: The PA erect cervical spine reduced radiation dose to the right thyroid by 92% (44.7 µGy; p=0.00) and the left thyroid by 89% (43.7 µGy; p=0.00), with further reductions in scatter dose to the breasts (0.35-0.45 µGy; p=0.85), ovaries (0.41 µGy; p=0.57), and testes (0.04 µGy; p=0.98). Image quality scores for the end plates, pedicles, joint spaces, spinous and transverse processes, cortical and trabecular bone patterns, and soft tissues were near equivalent (p=0.32).
Conclusion: Data analysis suggests that PA cervical spine positioning for X-rays in the laboratory adheres to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) guidance on X-ray examinations to reduce radiation dose to male and female internal organs (thyroid, breast, ovaries) without a reduction in image quality compared to AP positioning. Further research in clinical practice is advised
What makes supported internships an effective approach to VET?
No full textInternationally, there have been varied attempts to secure the inclusion of young people with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) in Vocational Education and Training (VET). This paper investigates supported internships (SIs), which are programmes that include college courses in numeracy and literacy, workplace learning, and broader life skill development. Drawing on an empirical study of one SI in England, this paper focuses on the pedagogic structure of SIs to explore how systematic instruction combines with elements of the workplace environment to bring about successful vocational learning for young people with SEND. It considers whether the expansive-restrictive conceptualisation of apprenticeship learning explains successful outcomes within an SI. A case study approach using a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews was adopted to explore the experiences of people involved in the SI. These included two job coaches, four colleagues, six interns and three graduates from the SI. Thematic analysis revealed this SI facilitates workplace learning for young people with SEND because it models an expansive (not reductive) approach to internships. Systematic instruction did not result in restrictive learning because of role design and broader organisational features. A key facilitating aspect was that the design of the internship fostered opportunities to develop identity through crossing boundaries. Implications for the design of SIs (to facilitate social inclusion and ensure employment outcomes for young people with SEND) are discussed
Penance Practices Used as an Artistic Research Method
No full textThis article presents ‘Penance Practices’, an art project started in 2017 and consisting of a large number of porcelain sculptures. Most of the works pictured in this article originate in this art project and have featured in various exhibitions in Norway. The project is based on a critical perspective related to society and to politics and is inspired by one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church: the sacrament of penance and reconciliation, also known as the sacrament of confession. My artistic research method will be discussed in relation to the connection between art and religious concepts. My methods will also be discussed in relation to other artists, as well as to the process of making the porcelain sculptures in my studio.This article presents ‘Penance Practices’, an art project started in 2017 and consisting of a large number of porcelain sculptures. Most of the works pictured in this article originate in this art project and have featured in various exhibitions in Norway. The project is based on a critical perspective related to society and to politics and is inspired by one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church: the sacrament of penance and reconciliation, also known as the sacrament of confession. My artistic research method will be discussed in relation to the connection between art and religious concepts. My methods will also be discussed in relation to other artists, as well as to the process of making the porcelain sculptures in my studio
Dogma Film and Ceramic art: The Case of ‘Blue Collar – White Collar’
No full textIn this project, Dogma film and ceramic art were developed into interdependent art objects, exhibitions, and short films. The art project Blue Collar – White Collar started with the artists’ interest in the global concern about the fourth industrial revolution, often referred to as ‘the rise of the robots’, where old professions seem to disappear, and central tasks are robotised. However, there seems to be signs of a new role for the skills of handicraft in society. The short film Rhythm of the Hands documented parts of this development through the artists’ reflections on the role of their contemporary ceramic practice. The materialised results of ceramic art and Dogma film explain in a complementary way the development of the new roles of craft in society and of Dogma used as production principle in a craft context. Through an intersubjective documentation of insiders’ perspectives in a collaborative art project the case shows a basic understanding of being an artist where a diversity of art practices can expand into new fields in continuously new ways. This can contribute to new ways of co-creation and collaboration in working life.
Keywords: creativity, Dogma film, ceramic art, artistic research, New European Bauhaus, Craft HubIn this project, Dogma film and ceramic art were developed into interdependent art objects, exhibitions, and short films. The art project Blue Collar – White Collar started with the artist’s interest in the global concern about the fourth industrial revolution, often referred to as ‘the rise of the robots’, where old professions seem to disappear, and central tasks are robotised. However, there seems to be signs of a new role for the skills of handicraft in society. The short film Rhythm of the Hands documented parts of this development through the artists’ reflections on the role of their contemporary ceramic practice. The materialised results of ceramic art and Dogma film explain in a complementary way the development of the new roles of craft in society and of Dogma used as production principle in a craft context. Through an intersubjective documentation of insiders’ perspectives in a collaborative art project the case shows a basic understanding of being an artist where a diversity of art practices can expand into new fields in continuously new ways. This can contribute to new ways of co-creation and collaboration in working life.
Keywords: creativity, Dogma film, ceramic art, artistic research, New European Bauhaus, Craft Hu
Learning to unlearn - Tracing Failures Within Arts-Based Participatory Research
No full textIn this article, I trace my own research practice in a process of unlearning from an individual self-reflexive approach. Striving towards a more participatory and collective approach, I turn my attention to relational aspects between people, materials and discourses, and give them a central role in knowledge production as I move and find myself being moved in and out of apparently incommensurable paradigms: the qualitative and the post-qualitative; the humanist and the post-humanist; the post-humanist and the decolonial. I will unpack some of the emerging challenges, tensions and potentials as a becoming researcher pushing against boundaries in a space of conventional academic expectations within my researcher education.
 
Why Is It So Difficult to Contribute to Social Inclusion Through Vocational Education and Training? An Analysis of Policies to Promote the Recognition of Prior Learning in Bangladesh, North Macedonia, Sweden and Switzerland
No full textThis paper compares “recognition of prior learning” (RPL) schemes in four countries, to find out the impact of VET policy reforms on social inclusion. The study finds that RPL schemes have only made limited contributions to social inclusion in these countries, for the following reasons: firstly, there are challenges in upper secondary VET, which, in all four countries, requires a substantial level of general education and transversal competencies, on which the key educational policy actors are not willing to compromise. Secondly, some countries used RPL to provide access to non-formal qualifications. Still, such schemes were only successful when those non-formal qualifications were already well-established in society and the labour market (prior to having been made accessible through RPL). The article argues that, for RPL to contribute more to social inclusion, schemes need to be less complicated and should also include complementary education and training provisions for all those who lack work experience in sectors where access to employment depends on certain qualifications
Projecto X: A Journey Inside Ourselves and What We Found When We Arrived
No full textThis article analyses and reflects upon a community music project that occurred in 2016 in Portugal. It involved a community of people with disabilities and a group of artists from different fields. The project’s promotors aimed to create a space in which differences were abated, social well-being was nourished and individual desires were fostered. This article endeavours to understand how artistic performance may provide opportunities for empowering less advantaged people and how it might have been achieved during this project. The reflections present in this article are based on the current literature on community music and are informed by other similar analysis of these kinds of projects.
The article starts with a brief description of the project and then elaborates on the term ‘community music’ and its relationship to this project. The project made use of a mix between an art installation and an experimental instrument called Pianoscópio. This article describes this instrument in detail and analyses how it enabled the participants to express themselves to their fullest abilities. A characterisation of the participating community members follows, focusing on the core tenets of the association they were part of. After that, the article examines how the workshops took place and what transpired in the final performance, focusing specifically on the steps taken to accommodate the different disabilities of the participants. The article ends with a reflection upon these kinds of projects and the impact this one project might have had on its participants.This article analyses and reflects upon a community music project that occurred in 2016 in Portugal. It involved a community of people with disabilities and a group of artists from different fields. The project’s promotors aimed to create a space in which differences were abated, social well-being was nourished and individual desires were fostered. This article endeavours to understand how artistic performance may provide opportunities for empowering less advantaged people and how it might have been achieved during this project. The reflections present in this article are based on the current literature on community music and are informed by other similar analysis of these kinds of projects.
The article starts with a brief description of the project and then elaborates on the term ‘community music’ and its relationship to this project. The project made use of a mix between an art installation and an experimental instrument called Pianoscópio. This article describes this instrument in detail and analyses how it enabled the participants to express themselves to their fullest abilities. A characterisation of the participating community members follows, focusing on the core tenets of the association they were part of. After that, the article examines how the workshops took place and what transpired in the final performance, focusing specifically on the steps taken to accommodate the different disabilities of the participants. The article ends with a reflection upon these kinds of projects and the impact this one project might have had on its participants
Client Professionalization, a Resource for Heterogeneous Professionals: For a Pluralistic Account of Corporate Professions
No full textDrawing on the corporate professionalization model, the notion of client professionalization denotes new, client-oriented strategies of legitimization and claims relating to expertise, differentiation, regulation and dissemination. Based on the case of executive coaching in France and its professionalization process, the paper shows how these strategies enable heterogeneous categories of actors to become recognized as professionals. These strategies act as resources because they are grounded on principles other than exclusion and monopoly, such as extension and co-production, which give new value to heterogeneous socialization experiences and multiple activities. The emphasis on client-relationship skills affords atypical professionals’ access to rewarding positions that would otherwise have been unattainable for them. These strategies are important for occupations such as coaching that are practiced by self-employed individuals, who have been overlooked in the literature. They also tend to constitute an appealing access to professionalization, in a context where the power of the market is increasing