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The Paris of L’Ivre De Pierres, Narrative Architecture between Words and Drawing
Get PDFAn editorial experiment pursued by Jean-Paul Jungmann between 1977 and 1983, L’Ivre de Pierres provides a series of imaginary visions, mostly of an imaginary Paris, conceived through architectural narrations that were articulated in the pages of a book. This article examines L’Ivre de Pierres’ unconventional approach to figurative writing, as an example of the possibilities of exploring architecture through narrative means, constructing urban narratives through architectural design, and developing architectural criticism through both. L’Ivre de Pierres did not renounce the project in favour of discourse, but employed architectural devices to elaborate a ‘concrete utopia’ instead: one made of potentially realizable projects which, however, were conceived to exist only as (real) fictions in the pages of a book. Firmly rooted in Jungmann’s previous experience with the magazine Utopie, with which it somehow plays a game of mirrors, L’Ivre de Pierres is also linked to the tradition of paper architecture that historically used fiction to produce architectural discourses, criticism, or to think architectural designs. This article researches on the narrative methods and modes – it examines the iconography, the book format, the content and types of texts – used in L’Ivre de Pierres as an example of the potential that these both visual and textual alternative realities have for the reading, thinking and writing of urban places
Green Climate Control: Analysing the impact of (active) Plant-based Systems on Indoor Air Quality
Get PDFSeveral studies have demonstrated the potential of botanical biofiltration and phytoremediation to remove indoor pollutants and improve overall comfort. However, there is a lack of evidence on how indoor greenery affects the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), particularly on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The main goal of this research project was to explore and evaluate the efficacy of an active plant-based system in terms of IAQ and being able to answer the main research question: “Can an active plant-based system improve the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)?” This was achieved through laboratory studies of several plant-based systems, including chemical, physical and sensorial evaluations as well as qualitative and quantitative assessments. Some of the outcomes of this research are described below:
– To develop an effective plant-based system the proper selection of its components is essential.
– In real settings, the concentration of the gaseous pollutants is present in lower levels and current equipment are not able to detect them. Therefore, it is clear and confirmed that physical, chemical and sensory assessments are crucial to evaluate the real impact of plant‑based system in the IAQ.
– In this project, different substrates and plants were tested and it became clear that the substrate is an important ally in reducing gaseous pollutants, such as formaldehyde.
– The polluted air needs to be transported to the vicinity of the plant-based system to be able to uptake the gaseous pollutant. Therefore, an active plant-based system is needed to potentialize the impact of such systems in the IAQ since the air has to be forced to go through the system to achieve the biofiltration process.
– An indoor forest is required to meet the minimum standards for ventilation rates in breathing zones just with plants without any extra mechanical ventilation
Cultural Visibility and Urban Justice in immigrant neighbourhoods of Amsterdam
Get PDFThis study investigates transformation processes in the streets of immigrant neighbourhoods in Amsterdam. It approaches the issue through the visibility of immigrant amenities – such as shops, restaurants, places of worship – with distinctive cultural signs and practices, that are recognizable in public spaces. The study analyses cultural visibility on two streets with a concentration of immigrant amenities, in 2007 and 2016. It approaches cultural visibility from two aspects: the physical setting and the people’s activities in these streets. The findings reveal that the different architectural types and location of the neighbourhoods, and their different processes of urban renewal, have produced different outcomes in terms of cultural visibility
Architecture as Exchange: Framing the Architecture Competition as Contact Zone
Get PDFThe editorial introduction to this issue of Footprint follows a double trajectory. On the one hand, it describes an ambition for architecture historiography. The social sciences have long recognised the need for more comprehensive and inclusive methods for writing history. Among them, comparative literature scholar Mary Louise Pratt’s ‘contact zone’ appears as a useful framework for writing new histories of architecture that recognise the many interrelations that characterise the discipline of architecture. On the other hand the introduction explains why, among many possible contact zones, focus has been set on the architecture competition. A short description of key aspects from the different contributions shows how, seen as a contact zone, the architecture competition emerges as fertile ground for the production of disciplinary knowledge, resulting from exchanges between different cultures. Acknowledging the diverse nature of these cultures, together with the recognition of institutions, legislation and other conceptual frameworks as key elements of architecture as contact zone offers fresh theoretical insight, but also poses unexpected communicative challenges
Logistics decisions in descriptive freight transportation models: A review
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to provide an inventory of approaches to descriptively (as opposed to normatively) model logistics decisions within the context of freight transport modelling. Rather than taking transport modelling frameworks as a starting point, as has been the case in the literature so far, we depart from a framework of logistics decisions. The framework is developed by combining elements of over a dozen existing frameworks from the supply chain management literature. Based on this comprehensive framework, we review freight modelling approaches from the literature. We find that freight modelling can be extended by taking into account previously uncovered areas of logistics decisions, such as those related to marketing or logistics systems forecasting and planning, as well as in areas that are well known from an optimization perspective but not from a descriptive perspective, such as routing and scheduling decisions. We conclude with a systematic listing of such areas, which can be used by researchers and transport modelling practitioners to develop further those transport models that take agent decision making as a starting point
On track towards improved regional development? – Impacts of the Svealand rail line on labour earnings in the Mälaren region
Get PDFThis paper studies the impacts on productivity following an investment in regional high-speed rail in the Mälaren region in Sweden. It uses wage earnings as a measure of productivity and proposes to capture agglomeration effects by measuring changes in effective labour force density induced by the transport improvement across municipalities in the region. This change in effective labour force density is then used as a continuous measure of treatment, in order to estimate the effect of the Svealand line introduction on labour earnings. While the transport improvement had a large impact on the connectivity and commuting patterns in affected municipalities, we find estimates of wage elasticities with respect to agglomeration that are in line with or smaller than average values from previous literature. The productivity effects, estimated over a ten-year time period, are shown to be rather modest and concentrated to the regions whose connectivity to the greater Stockholm area was directly affected. We also find that the main results do not materialize when a much shorter time period is used for analysis, indicating that a rather long adjustment time needs to occur before any effects can be seen
Influence of floating car data quality on congestion identification
Get PDFThis paper explores the usability of floating car data (FCD) of mixed quality in congestion analysis on motorways. The specific data quality aspects that we are investigating are the number and density of trajectories, the GPS interval, and the fleet representativeness. We use a dataset provided by the German Automobile Club ADAC covering the Tyrolean road network in 2016. From this dataset, trajectories along the A12 motorway were extracted for congestion analysis. These data are characterized by high GPS time interval, low number of trajectories, and are not representative for total traffic due to overrepresentation of trucks. The influence of these quality parameters on congestion identification is explored by analyzing the parameter distribution among different congestion types. In addition, we validate the results by comparing them with congestion incidents obtained from the stationary detector data (SDD) and examining the impact of quality parameters on the validation results. We find that the given data set does not allow short-term congestion patterns to be identified due to quality flaws. Especially the low number of trajectories proved problematic, whereas the influence of other parameters was less distinct. Despite these flaws, for large-scale congestion incidents, floating car data provide outcomes similar to those derived from stationary detectors
Dictionary \u27Delta\u27 & \u27Urbanism\u27
No full textDictionary \u27Delta\u27 & \u27Urbanism\u2
Het luxe stadsappartement
Get PDFIn today’s economic climate with housing production at a record low, it might seem odd to devote a publication to the luxury city apartment. Yet over the past few years, this very sector is where there have been surprising innovations in housing design. While the bulk of production entails the repetition of a few standard floor plans considered adequate, we see interesting indications for the future in projects for more expensive city apartments.
A serious look at innovations regarding the city apartment is justified, if only because an important part of the housing task has shifted to the densification of existing urban space. First, we can observe that the emphasis on social housing in the twentieth century came at the expense of housing typologies for those of the middle class who led an urban lifestyle. While social housing typologies are efficient and economical, they hardly offer anything in common with, for example, having a professional practice at home, putting up guests for a shorter or longer period, or distinguishing between private and public spaces within the apartment.
Second, we are seeing the rise of new urban lifestyles, such that even in a country like the Netherlands with a relatively undeveloped tradition in apartment construction, there is a real demand for more expensive city apartments that are bigger and more luxurious than the standard three-room flat. Since the 1990s, new groups of professionals have been eager to live in the city, including internationally outsourced expats, but also families with two working parents who would rather not move to the suburbs for a child-friendly environment. Moreover, there are the empty-nesters, active seniors without children, who want to return to the city in order to enjoy the high level of services.
The liberalization of the housing market in the Netherlands has offered both opportunities and fresh obstacles. New players are trying to break into the market with contemporary housing concepts (serviced apartments in the high-end sector) but at the same time it seems that there are hardly enough incentives in a tight market to truly innovate. In the Dutch situation, it still remains a fact that producers and municipal governments determine what is to be built and that the housing consumer comes off second best. In soft housing markets like in Berlin, this proves to be very different, just as it is in cities with a rich tradition of apartment construction, urban lifestyles and private development, such as New York or Brazil
Redactioneel
Get PDFLarge-scale urban renewal is often associated with the radical visions of the avant-garde in the first half of the twentieth century. This association often carries a negative connotation. The wanton demolition involved in projects such as Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin and Hilbersheimer’s Hochhausstadt is a source of criticism.
These proposals were propelled by an optimistic faith in the idea that the world could be designed to order, an aversion towards the stagnating traditional city and – later – the reality of the devastation wrought by the Second World War.
After the war, a fierce debate began to emerge among the protagonists of the Modern Movement. The ideas on the renewal of the modern city advocated by CIAM were critically examined and rejected by a new generation of architects. Team 10 presented itself as the new avantgarde, with a discourse centred on the living environment (the street, the neighbourhood).
Yet the compulsion toward large-scale projects did not wane – only the strategy changed. Team 10 concentrated explicitly on large-scale (expanding) structures laid over the existing city. In these ideas the paradigm of radical renewal was just as prevalent as in Le Corbusier’s and Hilbersheimer’s revolutionary projects. The concept of the megastructure found many adherents beyond Team 10 as well, in the work of Piet Blom, for instance.Vaak wordt grootschalige vernieuwing van de stad geassocieerd met de radicale visies van de avant-garde van de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw. In die associatie zit meestal een negatief oordeel besloten. De kaalslag die plannen als Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin en Hilbersheimer’s Hochhausstadt te weeg brengen, is een bron voor kritiek. Deze rigoureuze voorstellen werden in de hand gewerkt door een optimistisch geloof in de maakbaarheid van de wereld, een afkeer van de dichtgeslibde historische stad en later de realiteit van de verwoestingen van de Tweede Wereldoorlog.
Onder de protagonisten van de moderne beweging ontwikkelde zich na de Tweede Wereldoorlog een felle discussie. De door CIAM uitgedragen ideeën over de vernieuwing van de moderne stad werden door een jonge generatie architecten kritisch onderzocht en verworpen. Team 10 presenteerde zich als de nieuwe avant-garde, met een op de woonomgeving (de straat, de buurt) gericht vertoog.
De drang naar grootschalige projecten nam echter niet af, alleen de strategie veranderde. Team 10 hield zich nadrukkelijk bezig met grootschalige (groeiende) structuren die over de bestaande stad heen werden gelegd. In deze ideeën was het paradigma van de radicale vernieuwing net zo krachtig aanwezig als in de baanbrekende plannen van Le Corbusier en Hilbersheimer. Ook buiten Team 10, bijvoorbeeld in het werk van Piet Blom, vond het concept van de megastructuur veel weerklank
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