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The Readjusted Arabesque: Narrating Architecture in Literary Text, the Case of Kafka’s Bridge
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The architect is not the only artist who conceives architecture. As the most common spatial and material framework in which human life takes place, architecture also appears in other arts like painting, cinema, theatre and literature, where it is an unavoidable subject of conception and reflection. Among those arts, it is on the architectures that are present in literary texts that we will focus in this article. Unlike the architect, the writer conceives architecture with the technical conditions and the aesthetic particularities of the literary medium. Thus, the experience we make of literary architectures radically differs from the one we make of built architectures, which can be experienced first-hand and navigated at will. To appraise a literary architecture this contribution will use two analytical categories from Gérard Genette’s narratology, namely: the Voice or the situation of the narrator in relation to the story he tells, and its implications in the representation of architecture; and the Order or the sequences in which architecture is represented during the narration. We will use both categories to analyse Kafka’s short story The Bridge (Die Brücke)
Public Water in Private Hands: A Case Study on the Safeguarding of Public Values in the First DBFMO in the Dutch Water Sector
Get PDFIn DBFMO projects, public procurers transfer to private consortia the responsibility for designing, building, financing, maintaining, and operating public assets. Although DBFMOs arecriticized for their possible threat to the safeguarding of public values, the Dutch government recently procured Europe’s biggest waste water purification plant according to DBFMO principles.This article poses two questions: to what extent are transparency, responsibility, and qualitysafeguarded in the waste water case and what factors are influential in this. The findings providegrounds for modest optimism. Tools such as output specifications, the long-term contract,performance monitoring, and the adequate way in which cooperation between the procurer andconsortium has been managed have provided considerable opportunities for the safeguarding ofall three values
From the Village to the Neighbourhood: The transformation of open spaces through public housing
No full textThis publication presents the study of urban transformation and opportunities for urban upgrading through the rehabilitation and recycling of neighbourhoods, exploring the past and present of the housing estates of the main Galician industrial cities in order to discover, on different scales, how the public housing projects built in the second half of the twentieth century were formed, how their urban integration process has taken shape, what the open spaces associated with public housing are like, and if they have served as a bridge between the public, the collective and the private, to end with recommendations that can help in participative processes of integral urban regeneration for better articulation, integration and urban cohesion of the open spaces included in the public project.
The research proposes an alternative to urban development that avoids the need for new growth, the demographic abandonment of existing neighbourhoods, and their social and physical degradation. Housing estates with obsolete structures offer the greatest opportunities to rehabilitate and recycle open spaces and buildings based on the value of their intrinsic qualities, allowing for the introduction of new and efficient typologies in the city core. On a social level, the recycling and adaptive reuse of housing estates would improve the quality of the urban environment, the consolidation of civic networks and the strengthening of social cohesion. At the environmental level, this would reduce land use for real estate development, infrastructure construction and mobility needs, as well as waste production and energy consumption
Housing Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency and Comfort: Toward sustainable housing in Vietnam
Get PDFThe housing stock in Vietnam has boomed in the last few decades, especially in urbanised areas. However, the increasing number of housing units did not go along with housing quality, a healthy living environment or a sustainable building stock. Recent legislation only applies to public buildings but not the private housing sector, which accounts for the majority of the building stock. Therefore, this research aimed to contribute to a more sustainable building stock in Vietnam by improving the energy efficiency in new and renovated urban houses. This research started with examining the energy upgrade potential of the existing houses in Vietnam. Both passive and active refurbishment design measures were investigated for the Vietnamese context. Among the measures, a green facade has a large potential in energy saving. Effect of a green facade on thermal and energy performance was tested by conducting a physical experiment on a real tube house in Hanoi. Next, a stepped design strategy was introduced in a student design workshop in Vietnam. The participants were trained to apply sustainable and energy efficient design measures for Vietnamese tube houses. In addition, the vision for designing future tube houses was discussed on several sustainability aspects: urban densification, energy efficiency, circular economy and social interaction. This research is also expected to contribute to the establishing of a future national technical regulation for private housing in Vietnam
How Heritage Learns: Dutch Public Housing Heritage Evolution in Ecosystemic Perspective
Get PDFHow Heritage Learns explores the dynamics that come into play when public housing becomes valourised as heritage in the Netherlands and how that, in turn modulates the evolution of this protected housing. It builds on the foundation set by the thesis of Steward Brand, that buildings learn through the adaptation of their fabric to external forces: changing fashion, technologies and economy. This dissertation investigates different key drivers for change: Energy, Economy and Comfort (2E+Co).
To understand how and why the housing heritage evolved over time, an ecology of ideas is developed that sees buildings as organisms evolving and learning in their environments, providing a multi-sided theoretic model for analysis.
Three case studies are extensively explored: the Justus van Effen Quarter in Rotterdam (1921–22) and the King’s Wives of Landlust (1937–38) and Jeruzalem public housing complexes (1949–52), both in Amsterdam. These are all exemplary monuments of Dutch public housing and all three have undergone repeat renovations since their construction. The research not only highlighted their various learning cycles, but also uncovered exciting new information on their origins and histories.
What sets public housing heritage apart is the presence of a Story. However, the case studies reveal that the Stones were modulated by dominant 2E+Co ambitions common to all public housing. Above all, How Heritage Learns shows that past promises of increased performance and efficiency were never fulfilled. Without structured reflective observation we are doomed to repeat the same mistakes. Such lessons are all the more important at a time when the built environment stands at the cusp of another revolution driven by environmental imperatives
Stated consideration and attribute thresholds in mode choice models: a hierarchical ICLV approach
Get PDFConsideration of alternatives, as many other aspects related to the decision-making process, is not observable and challenging to measure. Even when supplementary information is collected during stated choice experiments, its use as an additional explanatory variable is discouraged due to potential endogeneity issues, measurement error and limited suitability for forecasting. To overcome these limitations, we propose an Integrated Choice and Latent Variable model where consideration of an alternative is treated as a latent variable. The novelty of the presented model is that the latent variable for consideration of an alternative itself is a function of another set of latent variables that represent thresholds applied by the decision maker to individual attributes (such as travel time and cost). The proposed hierarchical relationship between latent thresholds and latent consideration enables us to explain a share of otherwise purely random heterogeneity, and identify the structural drivers of consideration. The latter is of interest to policymakers and private operators
Immediate Systems in Architecture: Continuous adaptability at the speed of human intention
Get PDFThe presented research on Immediate Systems in Architecture (IS-A) is an attempt to afford a better human-technology match in architecture, pursuing a state where humans can simultaneously use and design, apply and amend the technical system they engage with.
The thesis contains both theoretical and experimental contributions on IS-A. Initially, the notion of Immediate Systems (IS) is introduced and framed. IS offer interaction in the style of direct manipulation, embed design and implementation in situations of use, and overcome limitations of remote design. IS are related to psychological concepts and described through the lens of Gibson’s Theory of Affordances. Characteristics and conditions of IS are distilled from the presentation and discussion of a series of examples.
The application of IS in architecture is approached from three angles. First, from the lived perspective of a user-designer, as adhocist mode of action. Second, from the methodology and technology, as accelerated design transfer. Third, in an ecological perspective, as humanarchitecture symbiosis.
Following the method of research by design, prototypes were developed in a series of experiments. The experiments result in multiple tools for real-time multi-directional volumetric design exploration that allows users to interactively model and ad-hoc reconceptualize parametric geometry, topology and components of architectural assemblies. A combination of these tools with digital fabrication and interactive building components lead to the most encompassing IS-A prototype, an attempt to realize an open-ended building system that joins simultaneous design, adaptation, construction and reconfiguration as interaction possibilities embedded in the built environment
Storage assignment in the steel manufacturing industry: Mathematical modeling and a priority-based heuristic approach
Get PDFThis paper presents a multi-criteria storage assignment model for the manufacturing system of the steel industry. The manufacturing system involves several plants, dozen of the production line, and thousands of different products. The products have to be routed and stored in various stages till it is dispatched to the end customer. Due to the size and weight of produced items, material handling is a costly operation. The handling cost is related to the number of handling, product storage time, and meeting the due date. This paper presents several storage assignment algorithms to reduce material handling costs. We have tested our algorithms with the data provided by a large steel company in Europe. The results indicate that considering product features in the storage assignment offers better performance on handling, storage time, and meeting the due date
Supplier segmentation: A systematic literature review
Get PDFSupplier Segmentation is one of the key activities of supplier relationship management (SRM) for companies with a large number of suppliers. It involves dividing the suppliers into a manageable number of segments, to formulate SRM strategies for the various segments, rather than for each individual supplier. In recent years, supplier segmentation has drawn the attention of a number of researchers. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of existing literature on supplier segmentation and identify the future trend in this research area using a combination of Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Citation Network Analysis (CNA). After determining the search protocol and paper selection indexes, 52 papers were eventually selected, and analyzed, in accordance with the steps proposed in the SLR and CNA methods. The results show that researchers tend to favor the portfolio-involvement approach and decision-making techniques in supplier segmentation research domain. A comprehensive analysis of the studies made it possible to distill the future research trend. This research area requires further study involving the supply chain paradigms, the impact of supplier segmentation on performance, and the analysis of the supplier relationship management as a whole, with supplier segmentation being one of its components
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