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Identifying common grounds for safety and security research: a comparative scientometric analysis focusing on development patterns, similarities, and differences
Get PDFSafety and security are often considered in complimentary or opposing terms. Discussions on their conceptual meaning have been put forward, and calls for an increased integration of these domains have been made. Nevertheless, there is currently no high-level empirical comparison of the development and contents of these research domains. In this article, the broad scientific literature of safety and security research obtained from Web of Science is analysed, aiming to obtain comparative insights in these respective fields, with a specific focus on the themes, topics and scientific areas where increased integration can be fruitful. Scientific publications are analysed in terms of research trends and geographic distribution, journals’ distribution, scientific categories, and focus topics of safety and security research in 2019. The results indicate a rapidly growing publication trend in both research domains, with an exponential growth since the 1990s. Safety research focuses on medicine/drug safety, patient safety and disease-related safety, with occupational health and safety and safety in socio-technical systems comparatively smaller research domains. Security research focuses on internet of things, physical layer security and cybersecurity/information security. Journals and scientific categories where significant contributions to both safety and security research are made relate mostly to industrial and transport safety and security, food safety, and public, environmental and occupational health. Apart from providing insights to academics and practitioners to the scope and focus areas of safety and security research, the findings also support delineating the scope and focus of the Journal of Integrated Security and Safety Science (JISSS), which aims to bolster connections and integration between these domains. Based on the findings, a focus on safety and security in industrial plants, transportation contexts, and industrially relevant aspects of public, environmental and occupational health, is found to be an appropriate target area for JISSS
Editorial
Get PDFIn 2017, the Journal of Integrated Security Science was founded at the Safety and Security Science section at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. Now, in 2021, we are happy to announce that we are rebranding the journal by taking it into an adjusted thematic and theoretical avenue: with a new journal name, a revised scope and updated editorial board, we aim for the journal to become an established value within the field of security and safety science, that guarantees high quality standards. In this editorial, we will elaborate upon the implemented changes, and our goals for the future
COVID-19 transmission risk minimization at public transportation stops using Differential Evolution algorithm
Get PDFPublic transportation vehicles, with their confined spaces and limited ventilation, are considered among the primary factors in the spread of COVID-19. As a measure to slow the spread of the virus during the pandemic, governments have applied passenger capacity restrictions to ensure physical distancing. On the other hand, the increase in the risk of disease transmission associated with passengers waiting together at stops is omitted. In this study, we consider the risk of disease transmission as a travel cost and formulate a risk minimization problem as a transit network frequency setting problem. We develop a bi-level optimization model minimizing the total infection risk occurring at stops, namely, the cumulative disease transmission risk cost. The Differential Evolution algorithm is employed to cope with the NP-hard bi-level transportation network design problem. We propose a novel objective function for the upper-level model, considering the infection risk cost based on passenger traffic at public transportation stops. A congested user-equilibrium transit assignment model is utilized to determine passenger movement. The proposed model is applied to a small-size hypothetical network, and a mid-size test network. Experimental studies provide evidence that the model can produce optimal solutions. Optimization results show significant improvements in the reduction of disease transmission risk compared to the optimizations depending on the traditional practice of transportation network planning based on user and operator costs. The proposed model provides risk cost reductions of 51% and 22% compared to the optimal solutions based on user cost minimization in the hypothetical network and Mandl’s network, respectively
A review of the research developments on inventory management of growing items
Get PDFGrowth outlines the behavior of a class of inventories whose weight and size increase during their storage. Fast-growing young animals such as broiler chickens, ducks, and calves are examples of this class, prevalent in many food industries. Despite their presence in various food supply chains, studying these items in the context of inventory control, supply chain, and operations management is still in its early stage. This study provides the essential grounds of the knowledge in this area and further reviews the related research developments to provide the researchers with clear insights into the structure of the current literature, its main gaps, and promising directions for future research. In order to guarantee the comprehensiveness of our review, we have incorporated a systematic search procedure to identify the relevant literature. Through this procedure, 23 papers were identified that were used in our further analysis throughout the paper. Our investigations show that the literature on growing inventories is very confined, and this body of the literature gets even more limited when it comes to the problems in the context of the supply chain. Our findings introduce the topic as a promising direction in inventory and supply chain management with high potential for insightful future research works
Analysis of convergence in transport infrastructure: a global evidence
Get PDFThis study investigates the convergence in transport infrastructure for 102 countries spanning 1990-2018 using Phillips and Sul econometric methodology. We constructed a transportation infrastructure by a composite index of transportation computed via principal component analysis (PCA). Our findings suggest the presence of panel convergence at the global level, while the income groups exhibited panel divergence. The results obtained from the iterative testing procedure suggest that the sub-groups exhibited convergence and divergence features. Overall, this study finds that the process of convergence in transportation reflects the desirable emanations of transportation policies sharing possible similar characteristics, at least to some extent, across the globe
Ronda: Architectural education and practice from the construction of a milieu in common
Get PDFThis dissertation focuses on architectural education and practice as a collective experience, examining the particular case of the PUCV School of Architecture and Design and Ciudad Abierta in Chile. The study asks whether the culture of collectivity that characterises the school has served as a supporting structure for its artistic and pedagogical project and if so, which elements configure the collective ways of studying and practising at this school. The dissertation delves into these questions by following the trail of a concept that crystallises the school’s collective ethos: The Ronda. This notion refers to a collective working format practised by the members of the school and Ciudad Abierta, through which they carry out their fundamental proposals and projects. As a result, the school set the conditions for the formative experience by constructing a creative milieu in common, understood as a specific environment shaped by commonality across the spheres of life, work, and study. By comprehending a school as an expanded network of communities, this dissertation provides insights on how architectural training can diversify its practices, spaces, and frameworks in new configurations beyond the academic realm and complementary to university institutions. Furthermore, proposing the school as a constellation of communities offers a perspective on alternative modes of and articulations between architectural pedagogy, practice, and research
Smart Campus Tools: Technologies to support campus users and campus managers
Get PDFIn recent years, the density on the Dutch university campus has increased substantially due to a continued growth of student populations. Campus managers face the challenge of accommodating the university’s students and employees mainly in the existing buildings, which are used ineffectively and inefficiently. In order to improve the space use on campus, campus managers need better information about space use. Therefore, this PhD dissertation proposes the use of Smart campus tools: a service or product with which information on space use is collected real-time to improve utilization of the current campus on the one hand, and to improve decision‑making about the future campus on the other hand. The main research question is: How can smart campus tools optimally contribute to the match between demand for and supply of space, both on the current campus and on the future campus?
To answer the research question, this PhD dissertation explores the use of Smart campus tools in Dutch and international contexts, at universities and other organisations. Then, it researches how information from Smart campus tools can be properly connected to campus decision‑making processes. The results from this research are used to inform existing theories and draw lessons for practice
The Spatial Extensions of the Right to Seek Asylum: The Eastern Mediterranean Refugee Route
Get PDFAbstract:
The spatial extensions of the right to seek asylum is a project to investigate the first response of the European mainland to the humanitarian refugee crisis of 2015 through critical mapping. The site of exploration is the Eastern Mediterranean Route (EMR), a passage expanding from Greece to Germany through the Balkans, used for many years as an entry path into Europe. During the first quarter of 2015, the European Union temporarily formalised the EMR. It was the first time after the Second World War that Europe addressed statelessness in its territory. This essay discusses the spatial articulations of the EMR political reality through the analytical frame of the ethics of admissions. It unfolds its institutional geography, infrastructure, programme, and strategies and unveils the EMR territory as a transnational space of exception with its own rules and principles.
Keywords:
Syrian Refugee Crisis, Eastern Mediterranean Route, Ethics of Admissions, Critical Cartography, Border Management, Cam
I will not find this image beautiful I will not find this image beautiful I will not find this image beautiful (An unfinished monument)
Get PDFAbstract
During the summer of 2014, I scrolled through the images of the Israeli bombings of Gaza, mesmerized behind the computer screen by their beauty. They were stunning and my engagement with them, so far away from the event, was based on purely flat aesthetic grounds– which is uncannily perverse. Attempting to deface the image, I insert the names of the victims of the attack into its script code. Each name typed into the script alters the photograph and leaves its mark. While trying to defile the visual, to escape from the beauty of this violence, a different aesthetic transpires, that of the glitch. With naming the dead, the notion of a monument emerges, reinforced by the sculptural quality of the smoke cloud. The resulting video is entitled I will not find this image beautiful, I will not find this image beautiful, I will not find this image beautiful (An unfinished monument) (11h 43min).
Keywords
Aesthetics, conflict, Palestine, glitch, monumen
Automation and the City: Constant’s New Babylon (1959 – 1974)
Get PDFFrom 1959 to 1974, Constant Anton Nieuwenhuys developed New Babylon, a speculative city for a future society in which automation would free human life to dedicate itself to creativity, collectivity and play. This essay examines Constant’s thinking about automation and the city. Departing from Constant’s own writings, it argues that automation was not only an economic premise but also, and more importantly, a creative condition of future urban environments. As such it required a re-conceptualisation of the collective habitat. Constant’s vision, a critique of functionalist modern urbanism, imagined the city as a ‘complete environment’, part of an extended and dynamic activity that involved its inhabitants. The speculative framework of this essay wishes to situate New Babylon within the broader discourses of automation and cybernetics that dominated the cultural and scientific arena of the post-war period in the United States and Europe, as well as within the diverse genealogies and theoretical entanglements of these terrains
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