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Queer Life(lines) Within the Death of an Archive
Get PDFIn this essay turned collective text-archive, I explore, through proliferating Stieglers thought, epigenetics as the genetic transfer of experience, seeing it as our inherited tools, codes, and processes that enable us to construct radical political alternatives. Similarly, the global West has inherited institutions and their systems – such as the archive – retaining specific perspectives founded on a Eurocentric epistemic model proximate to whiteness, masculinity, and heteronormativity, while obscuring or forgetting Other knowledges. A main question is: who and whose knowledge is in need to be constructed as indispensable, as present outside of the gap? What knowledge constructs whose subjectivity? Part of the confrontation exists of tracing the archive’s outside space, entangling with Other ways of doing that enable us to rethink institutions. This means then partially coming to terms which knowledge and bodies we need to survive collectively and in solidarity. And thus, what urgent, vibrant archives are we already passing on, beyond our own (knowledge) lifespan? This essay-text-archive makes visual the layered and multi-authored process of creating this knowledge resource. It intends to deconstruct and queer the position of the footnote, as archival trace and life’s whisper – with its curator-writer-editors as performing the essential care-work of mediating this archival effort
Negative Anthropology: An International Comparison of Various Types of Right-Wing Spaces
Get PDFIs there an architectural and urban planning agenda at work behind the politics of contemporary (neo-)fascists and populist, radical and extremist right-wing forces? The Right-Wing Spaces research project, which has been running since 2018 at the Institute for Principles of Modern Architecture (Design and Theory) (IGmA) at the University of Stuttgart, suggests that the answer to this question is fairly unequivocal, at least in the German context: ‘architecture … seems to have become a key tool of an authoritarian, populist right with a revisionist take on history.’[i] The interim findings of the project were presented in ‘Rechte Räume: Bericht einer Europareise’ (Right-wing spaces: report on a journey through Europe), ARCH+ 235 (2019), an issue that was guest-curated by IGmA, as well as in my 2020 essay collection Rechte Räume: Politische Essays und Gespräche (Right-wing spaces: political essays and conversations).
[i] Stephan Trüby, Rechte Räume: Politische Essays und Gespräche (Basel: Birkhäuser, 2020), 138. The Right-Wing Spaces research project is headed by Philipp Krüpe (IGmA) and myself, https://www.igma.uni-stuttgart.de/en/research/research-projects/page_0002_0001/
Industry and Pannonian City: The Transformative Role of Industry for the Modern Development of Middle-size Cities in Northern Serbia
Get PDFIndustrialisation and the related rise of a modern city in Eastern Europe have had very different development trajectories than those in Western Europe due to the changes of both political and economic systems. This can be seen on the example of the development of industry in six middle-size northern Serbian cities in Pannonian Plain that passed through three noticeable periods: (1) early industrialisation in an emerging capitalism of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in late 19th and early 20th century, (2) planned industrialisation in socialism in the second half of 20th century of Yugoslavia and (3) de/reindustrialisation tendencies in post-socialist transition since the 1990s. All three periods of industrial development have left immense consequences on the cities, their urban fabric and land use. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explain the pace of industrial development in six selected cities since the rise of capitalism in early modern periods in 18th century, as well as their spatial and social impact on urban fabric and urban planning and regulation thereof. This research thereby gives an insight into the locally rare examination of an industry-driven urban development, contributing in the understanding of this, generally underestimated planning legacy
From ‘Imposition’ to ‘Borrowing’: Zhanjiang Modern Planning Practice and City Space Transformation
Get PDFIn China, western planning and urbanization ideas dominated the urban modernization discourse. Meanwhile, the two characteristics of international planning diffusion, namely \u27Imposition\u27 and \u27Borrowing,\u27 occurred. First, \u27planning imposition,\u27 that is, colonial planning was implanted, and foreign municipal progress filled the gap of the local place before 1945. Second, \u27planning borrowing,\u27 China takes the initiative to introduce the Soviet model in response to urbanization and modernization in the mid-20th century. Since the 1970s, the methodology of transnational comparative history has been applied to the study of planning history, including the driving forces, institutional mechanisms, and persistent effect of the interaction of planning communication between cities and regions. This paper sets Zhanjiang planning history as an example. It presents a prism to examine the influence of Western planning and Soviet planning on many Chinese cities in the 20th. This paper investigated the processes, agents, and impacts by drawing on \u27international planning diffusion.\u2
Transformation from Commercial Port to Industrial City: Discussion on Industrial Land-use Planning and Industrial Building Construction in Shanghai (1945-1960)
Get PDFThis paper compares the four urban plans of Shanghai especially the industrial land-use from 1940s to 1950s, and reveals the changes in the design and construction of industrial buildings with the development mode shifted from spontaneity to the planned. The paper points out that the establishment of socialist political and economic system and the positioning of Shanghai by the national industrialization strategy have completely changed the urban development in Shanghai, which in turn led to the spatial reformation of the industrial location in Shanghai during the transition from light industry to heavy industry in 1953-1957. It also contributes to the large-scale expansion of industrial land and development of suburban industrial areas and industrial satellite towns after 1958 and prompts the transformation of Shanghai into an industrial city. The urban spatial structure of Shanghai also changed from a mono-center structure with the original concession as the core to a poly-center structure with the industrial centers as the core. The adoption of the Soviet standards and norms in industrial buildings, the clear zoning of general layout, and a large number of large-scale, large-span factories have contributed to the important image of the development of heavy industry in Shanghai during this period
Housing and Urbanism in Spain in Francoist period: Public policies and propaganda around the Obra Sindical del Hogar (1939-1977)
Get PDFThe Obra Sindical del Hogar —OSH, Housing Trade Union Welfare— was a Spanish social housing building entity during the Francoist dictatorship. Although it served the Instituto Nacional de la Vivienda—INV, National Housing Institute—, which was the autonomous state agency for housing policy, OSH was under the control of FET y de las JONS, which was the only party of Franco’s regime. This paper aims to compare real performance of OSH with its own propaganda throughout the dictatorship. Our methodology has included analysing housing production data at the national level in this period, particularly social housing, and studying three significant and complementary projects carried out in three locations in the region of Castilla y León in three different decades —Burgos in the forties, Covaleda (Soria) in the fifties and Valladolid in the sixties—. It can be concluded that the OSH performed a huge propaganda work that made its production seem much larger than it really was
The Concept of the Socialist City: Plans and Patterns of Soviet Urbanism
Get PDFThis paper discusses the specific features of the socialist city referring to the original ideas and intentions that were related to the foundation of socialist cities during Soviet Era. Planning and construction of socialist cites were embedded within the context of historical and social conditions that existed at the time. Soviet planners cited aspirations for the construction of large housing estates and new cities, such as the vision of a better person in a better society. These goals also opened up a view to an international debate: the search for a new city as a response to the unsuitable living conditions in the industrial city of the late nineteenth century. Urban planning and design in the Soviet Union was used as an instrument of ideology. Integrated within a system of state order, urban design played a political role. Hence the guiding principles for urban development emerged under certain preconditions, such as technical feasibility.
The paper emphasizes the visons and ideas, the urban guiding principles, and the physical structure and form of socialist cities
‘Captains of industry’ of the metropolitan nexus: Private mass housing development in twentieth-century Belgium
Get PDFIn the Belgian context, the redevelopment of the metropolitan space is historically compromised by the absence of an emancipated scene of developers ready to take on this urban agenda in a structured and well-integrated manner. The origins of this situation are found in the twentieth century and the manner in which cities in Belgium dealt with metropolitan expansion, progressively denying a structural role to large scale property development, indirectly circumventing the creation of a more emancipated development scene. As we are trying to imagine the redevelopment of this twentieth century expansion belt of cities in Belgium, it is important to understand the actors and development logics that undergirded this –albeit incomplete- process of metropolization, as it did actually take form. This paper focusses on the production of the two major commercial residential developers, Jean-Florian Collin (Etrimo) and François Amelinckx (Amelinckx N.V.), who constructed over 70,000 apartments in the metropolitan agglomerations of Belgium between 1924 and 1985. Their short-lived, but large-scale, production defines an ‘invisible city’ of which we know very little but which can be used to analyse key aspects of the process of 20th century metropolization in Belgium. By applying a production perspective on planning history, the actual projects that these developers realized are considered a combination of the ‘space’ that was given to them and the ‘space’ they claimed. This perpetual interplay between the actual conditions and the actor coalitions that included developers is defined as a ‘metropolitan nexus’, in which the process of metropolization is perpetually being redefined. The production of Etrimo and Amelinckx N.V. may seem generic at first, and does not conform to conventional narratives concerning the formal qualities of buildings. However, a strategic mapping of this production reveals distinct spatial constructs (or ‘figures’), both specific and at the same time systematic types of urban environments created by the two commercial players. Both developers were ‘champions of a game of their creation,’ as they applied precise strategies in constructing specific circumstances that seized the latent potential of development (that hovered over the capitalist metropolitan landscape) into concrete, often opportunistically defined, built commodities. This production perspective makes it possible to look at a processes of metropolitan expansion and twentieth century planning in Belgium from a different angle, starting from the actual built reality and the ‘captains of industry’ that this urban reality was grounded upon. A perspective which has been little-applied in the Belgian case, and is particularly pertinent for interpreting development patterns in a context like Belgium that lacks a strong planning culture
Research on Spatial Transformation and Reusing Strategy of Historic Urban Landscape under Cultural Tourism Guidance : Take Harbin Old Port Area as an Example
Get PDFUnder the background of urban development characteristic changes from incremental construction to stock renewal, many resource-based cities in northeast China have faced such problems as spatial degradation, cultural fracture, and idle heritage. Therefore, this study takes the Harbin old port area as an example. The utilization mode of cultural tourism is determined through the port’s historical development analysis and heritage value evaluation. Based on this, the spatial transformation and resilient planning of the old port area can be completed, while the vitality of heritage and development of the city can be stimulated. The research mainly includes three stages. First of all, it analyses the development characteristics of the Shipping Culture by dividing four historic layering stages, so the relevant historic urban landscape elements are extracted and divided into types. Then, the evaluation system of heritage value and reuse potential is established, and the value grade and remodel degree of landscape elements are determined. Finally, according to the current characteristics of elements at each level, different corresponding development modes are matched. Based on the supply of tourism products, the port is also activated through the reconstruction of the tourism system. Then realize the balanced development goals of heritage protection and utilization and urban space transformation
Identification of road links with the gravest network impacts when blocked concurrently
Get PDFThe identification of a combination of links which can cause the gravest impact on network performance, when interrupted simultaneously, is of great practical importance. The links can be spatially dispersed due to an event such as an earthquake or due to a combination of accidents and disasters. This task is, thus, extremely computationally demanding when applied to real-world networks. We focused on approaches which are both capable of accomplishing this task and where the computational time is acceptable for application in practice. We tested three algorithms based on known heuristic methods: Simulated Annealing (SA), Guided Local Search (GLS) and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). The algorithms were modified in the sense of adjusting the searching neighborhood. All the algorithms were subsequently applied to four actual road networks in order to evaluate the impacts of complete simultaneous blockage of four and ten links. The results suggest that the modified SA algorithm identified scenarios with worse consequences than the algorithms based on GLS and VNS. The SA results, for the setting with four interrupted links, were even comparable with those obtained from a deterministic algorithm (which evaluates the entire state space). The algorithm based on SA was also performing best for situations with ten concurrently blocked links. The approach based on SA is thus suitable when modeling the potential impacts of events where a large number of concurrently blocked links is expected. Network managers will thus be able to monitor the immediate state of the network and potential risks related to network disintegration