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[Poster] Hidden Markov Models and Flight Phase Identification
No full textThe use of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in segmenting flight phases is a compelling approach with significant implications for aviation and aerospace research. It leverages the temporal sequences of flight data to delineate various phases of an aircraft\u27s journey, making it a valuable tool for enhancing the analysis of flight performance and safety. In this work, we implement a multivariate HMM to identify 6 flight phases: taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, approach and rollout. We reach a median global accuracy of about 97\% over a sample of several thousand flights with a very low number of decoded unlikely transitions. Regarding several performance metrics, our method is competitive with existing methods in the literature, such as fuzzy logic. Additionally, it provides, for each point of the flight, a probability of belonging to each phase. Even in situations where there are missing values in the data, HMMs remain effective, ensuring that no critical information is lost during the segmentation process
Investigation of Point Merge Utilization Worldwide Using Opensky Network Data
Get PDFPoint Merge (PM) arrival procedure is implemented at multiple airports around the World. There are different PM design variants: with overlapping, partially overlapping or separated sequencing legs, a position of the sequencing legs inside or outside the TMA, different geometry of the flows to PM or merging to a point; each coming with a different impact on the trade-offs associated with the structure. In this work, we investigate the usage of PM procedures in several airports around the globe using open-access ADS-B-based data provided by the OpenSky Network. We analyse arrival flows at the airports with PM, and propose a catchment algorithm to see which flights from the blend are actually adherent to the procedure. Then quantify the PM utilization by applying the performance indicators specifically designed for this purpose
Analysing the Impact of Go-Around Occurrences at Large European Airports
Get PDFGo-arounds (GoA) or missed approaches are standard flight procedures initiated when an approach is aborted for safety reasons, requiring pilots to reposition the aircraft for a subsequent landing attempt. This study leverages ADS-B data sourced from the OpenSky Network, collected at 20 major European airports between January 2019 and July 2023. Out of 6.7 million retrieved landing trajectories, 20,196 GoA were identified and analyzed. We conducted statistical evaluations on these GoA instances to compare the rates of GoA at different airports, market segments, and aircraft types. We also looked at the distributions of distance, duration, and fuel consumption of GoA for the different airports. Of particular note, we quantified the impact of a GoA on the surrounding arrival traffic by analyzing how GoA events affect Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) timings. Our results show that the rate of GoA at the assessed airports ranged from 1.5 to 6 occurrences per 1,000 landings. The median duration and distance of a GoA varied depending on the airport, falling between 11.5 and 16.5 minutes, and 36.5 and 58.2 NM respectively. During a GoA, an Airbus A320 typically consumes between 350 and 600 kg of fuel. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that a GoA occurrence can significantly impact the efficiency of arriving traffic at an airport, causing disruptions lasting up to an hour. ASMA timings tend to increase directly after a GoA occurs and peak for landings occurring 10 to 25 minutes after a GoA, with flight time increases ranging from 30 to 100 seconds, depending on the airport. These timings gradually return to their pre-GoA levels within the following hour, though certain airports may experience longer recovery periods. This comprehensive study on GoA provides a deeper understanding of their impact, offering valuable insights that can support data-driven decision-making in the aviation industry.
Of ChatGPT and Trustworthy AI
Get PDFIn this article, we examine whether ChatGPT is trustworthy and use our “conversation” with ChatGPT as a pivot for the larger conversation concerning trustworthy AI. Through the example of our “conversation” with ChatGPT, we argue that the development of trustworthy AI requires both keeping the best interests of users at heart as well as addressing larger ethical concerns. In the process, we emphasize the distinction between trusting ChatGPT and trusting the information provided by it. Lastly, we highlight the role of critical inquiry and acknowledgment of functional limitations in fostering trust in AI systems
Writing Open Architecture as a book on Human Rights (and against Nation-States)
Get PDFDrawing on the author’s book Open Architecture, this essay studies the relation between migration and architecture as a matter of human rights, and thereby exposes the historical roots of contemporary racisms, while giving due acknowledgment to the Black and Brown migrants in the making of even the most established European architectural projects. This analysis not only exposes the weaknesses of a world order predicated on the limited and constructed idea of the nation-state, but also outlines architecture’s ways to build resistance through the concept of openness. Defining open architecture as a new ethic of welcoming toward the immigrant, the essay alludes to the formal, programmatic and procedural aspects of latent open architecture, such as flexibility and adaptability of form, collectivity and collaboration, participatory processes, and multiplicity of meaning
Lead-time-based freight routing in multi-modal networks considering the Physical Internet
Get PDFThis paper addresses the problem of optimizing the transport of goods in the Physical Internet (PI) framework in a multi-modal setting using a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach. The model is specifically designed to meet the requirements related to modular shipments and PI-hubs, and in particular, determines the allocation of modular shipments to each transport mode in an intermodal setting. In doing so, parallel direct connection via road, the delivery times and the transportation costs are minimized. The model is applied to a numerical case study, to test its effectiveness to enhance freight transport efficiency within the PI framework, by exploiting, in particular, all the capacities of the available vehicles. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on some model parameters, to test its reaction to changes in the supply system and in the objective priorities. Results show that all the shipments are effectively transported between the origin and the destination terminals, they are divided into modules when necessary, and the selected transport modes, allocation strategy, and delivery times vary accordingly to the objective priorities
Narrating the Living Town: The Case Study of Seminaria Sogninterra Environmental Art Biennial
Get PDFContemporary art offers infinite possibilities to experiment with innovative ways of inclusion, to encourage interculturality, and to reinforce social cohesion by providing concrete tools and methods for the construction of common grounds among sensory communities. This paper focuses on the ten year old Biennial of Environmental Art named Seminaria Sogninterra (a poetical name that stands for Seeds-in-air Dreams-in-ground). It analyses how a program me of art residencies and local art production is regenerating the small town of Maranola where the biennial takes place. Its site-specific and community-based approach uses strategies of participation, ephemerality and addition, to engage local inhabitants in the realization of the event. The case study of Seminaria Sogninterra demonstrates that community-based art can shape a unique idea of public space, and can draw new maps and relations, through which people can build their own identity
Fieldwork for Writing Urban Places: Working Group 4
No full textFieldwork within the COST Action Writing Urban Places aims to research the possibilities of interdisciplinary narrative practices in understanding and activating urban contexts in European cities. As a way to sustain and foster the meaningfulness, appropriation and integration of places and their communities, it intends to reflect and test its concepts and methodologies in reality. Fieldwork bridges the link between investigation and practice, knowledge and performativity, thinking and doing. Gathering expertise of diverse disciplines, from the social and human sciences to urbanism, architecture and art, fieldwork is debated in the context of the spatial practices, with their critical and aesthetic dimensions. By visiting places (Almada, Limerick, Tallinn, Osijek, Tampere, Çanakkale, Skopje, Tirana, Delft) and sharing knowledge, collecting existing narratives and implementing new ones, crossing local inhabitants and international participants, fieldwork activities allow for a deeper involvement in physical and social contexts and an active engagement with communities and stakeholders. 
Tallinn: Stories of Pictures and Pictures of Stories
Get PDFOne can say: a picture is worth a hundred words, but if the hundred words contain a story, then this story is also worth a hundred pictures. We also see old pictures with new stories and old stories with new pictures. All of this is fascinating as stories and pictures create and build meanings, both old and new. The meaning continua, sometimes thousands of years old come to us in the form of stories and pictures.
This article examines some of Tallinn’s local stories. The first is about an archetypal flood, as the beginning and end of the Lake Ülemiste. The second deals with the Medieval Town Hall Square in the format of an artificial fairy tale and explains how marzipan came to be used. The third is a sinister geopolitical story, or to be more exact: a whole knot of stories spawned by the Red Army monument known as the Bronze Soldier.
We look at these stories through the language of images and films. The old and new images tell us about the history and future of these stories in the most imaginative ways.