TU Delft Open Access Journals
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Analytical and Numerical Modelling of Debris Impact Events on Columns
Get PDFPost-disaster surveys of tsunamis have emphasized the need for an in-depth understanding of debris loading. Until now, empirical formulas used to estimate debris impact loads are based on single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. However, the validity of these SDOF models to estimate debris impact loads has not been studied extensively. This study investigates the validity of using a SDOF model to predict debris impact forces by comparing its force response to experimental data and a multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model developed. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted to assess the provisions on debris impact loads in Chapter 6 of ASCE 7-22 against these alternative methods. The MDOF method was shown to model accurately the experimental force response data, while all other methods for estimating debris impact loads overestimated the force response in both magnitude and frequency. Furthermore, the impact loads generated by the MDOF model proved to be longer in duration but smaller in magnitude than loads generated using the SDOF model and Chapter 6 of ASCE 7-22.
In addition, a performant numerical model was developed to simulate single and multi-debris transport and impact loads on a column. The dynamic numerical model was developed within the general-purpose finite element program LS-DYNA. Inside this modelling framework, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method was used to simulate dam-break wave generated debris impact loads onto the column. The model accurately replicated the water surface elevations, hydrodynamic forces, debris transport, and debris impact forces presented in Stolle et al. (2019) and Stolle et al. (2020b). The model’s ability to simulate debris impact events demonstrates its potential as a valuable tool for designing and evaluating critical infrastructure’s resilience against extreme coastal inundation events, such as tsunamis
Behavioral theories in inventory management and forecasting: Driving supply chain resilience
Get PDFSupply chains play an essential role in ensuring operational efficiency and economic stability, yet they face challenges such as the "bullwhip effect," which amplifies demand fluctuations. Addressing these issues requires innovative strategies that integrate behavioral theories with technological advancements. This systematic review evaluates various approaches and synthesizes them into an Integrated Theoretical Framework for Enhancing Supply Chain Performance. Following PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 to 2024 were analyzed, focusing on behavioral theories in supply chain management. Key findings highlight that integrating theories, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), improves demand forecasting accuracy and reduces the bullwhip effect by emphasizing behavioral intentions and social influences. Modern technologies, including AI and IoT, enhance real-time data handling and decision-making. This framework merges psychological insights and technology to improve supply chain resilience and efficiency
Fitting the particular and the general: Human-technology relations in the context of technological systems and global events
Get PDFIn the Name of Conservation: Reflections on the Interpretation and Justification of China’s Urban Heritage Practices by Taking Shanghai’s Lilong Neighbourhoods as an Example
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the introduction, adaption, and implementation of the modern concept of heritage conservation in modern China after the opening of its treaty ports. Through an analysis of the different layers of disseminating and receiving knowledge in transnational exchanges, it explicitly points out the divergence between the Eurocentric concept of conservation and the Chinese tradition of treating historic buildings and sites. As a result of the complexity of understanding and adapting an imported idea, the heritage discourse in China is characterised by its own ambiguity. Conservation of modern heritage, in particular those built under colonial power, has seen conflicts of perceptions between conservation planning and interest-led practice. A progressive legislative framework for heritage conservation has had a limited binding effect on stakeholders’ actions to protect listed immovable built cultural heritage sites from artificial damage in China’s contemporary urban practices. By analysing various actors’ interpretations and expressions of the concept of “conservation” (known as “保护” in Chinese) derived from different temporalities, it explores the causes and effects of heritage strategies and approaches created by individuals, groups, and the state apparatus. Theoretically, it challenges the local acceptability of classic conservation principles that are primarily based on European thoughts and cultural background. Practically, it provides adequate clues for a multi-faceted consideration of listed heritage sites in future development. It highlights the significance of creating a powerful local narrative under the authoritative heritage discourse at a crossroads of ongoing globalisation and growing nationalism
Platforms and Dwelling: Topologies of Distributed Domesticity
Get PDFUnder contemporary capitalism and platform urbanism, domesticity distorts to take on new forms. Dwelling is simultaneously decentralised and re-distributed via digital and urban networks. This article argues that these new forms of dwelling necessitate new modes of critique – ones primed for this networked, spatially distributed condition. It proposes to supplement typological and topographical approaches to dwelling with the more ‘anexactly rigorous’ relational cartography offered by the field of topology.
The article begins with an outline of topology, drawing on mathematics, philosophy and geography towards a reconceptualisation of architecture as a boundary-drawing apparatus. The topological condition of modern dwelling is then retraced as a genealogy of interpenetrating edifices, mediating membranes, and prosthetic equipment, which have prefigured present-day formations of domesticity. The second half of the article trains this topological lens onto three architectural tendencies in response to platform urbanism: convivial arrangements of networked living, commoning platforms and thresholds, and counter-protocols of distributed domesticity. Through unpacking these trajectories, the article illustrates the potential that a topological approach engenders via new modes of mapping, critiquing, resisting and subverting the unequally distributed agency and power underlying the circuits of platform urbanism
Rethinking Autonomous and Robotic Systems in Residential Architecture: Assessing the Motivations and Values of Home Automation
Get PDFInformed by twenty years of hands-on experimentation with autonomous and robotic systems in home prototypes at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this study provides insight into the motivations and values of integrating computing technologies in residential architecture. Although optimising home adaptability for energy efficiency, ergonomics, and climate control are shown to have benefits, applications intended to influence human behaviour remain questionable. The features of three home prototypes are presented to supply evidence for this claim: a Connected Sustainable Home that is a prototype of connected sustainability; the PlaceLab, a living laboratory for studying health-related home systems; and the CityHome, a series of robotically-transformable apartment prototypes. The case studies are of distinct scales, aim at heterogeneous objectives, and were implemented at different times. They are thematically linked through digital home automation. Evaluating these three prototypes enables the determination of design criteria for integrating autonomous and robotic systems in residential architecture and provokes reflection on the impact of autonomous systems on architectural practice.
Mind the gap: navigating the space between digital and physical wayfinding in public transit
Get PDFWayfinding in public transit environments is especially complex, combining both spatial and temporal tasks for users to reach their destination. However, a gap exists between users’ needs and existing infrastructure design. With the introduction of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) to the broader public, the wayfinding process has shifted from more traditional methods to more digital approaches, leaving individuals with the task of navigating the space between both physical and digital milieus. The exploratory study presented in this paper provides insights into physical and digital navigational practices in public transit wayfinding systems. The method employed was that of a Destination-Task Investigation, a qualitative mobile interviewing method used to capture participants’ feelings, thoughts, and experiences. The study focuses on three transit spaces within the network: (a) aboveground transfer stations, (b) belowground transfer stations, and (c) on transit, and reveals that participants often relied on their smartphones instead the physical wayfinding infrastructure. Moreover, participants were found to use their smartphones in three navigational approaches: (1) Directional Confirmation, (2) Current Positioning, and (3) Future Planning. Results show that participants preferred the Directional Confirmation approach in both aboveground and belowground transfer stations and used their smartphones for navigational purposes most often while on transit. The study also helps illuminate that the presence of a robust wayfinding system within a public transit system increases user trust in the overall system. This study contributes to better understanding user behavioural patterns which has significant relevance for researchers as well as practitioners
Estimating post-pandemic effects of working from home and teleconferencing on travel behaviour
Get PDFLike in many other countries, the Dutch government instructed people to work from home where possible during the COVID-19 pandemic to halt the transmission of the virus. This policy seems to have resulted in a structural increase in working from home and teleconferencing that will outlast the pandemic. However, the longer-term effects on travel behaviour are still unclear. Making use of panel data collected using the Netherlands Mobility Panel, this paper has two main aims. First, it analyses developments in working from home and teleconferencing since COVID-19. Second, it estimates the expected post-pandemic effects on travel behaviour. The results show that compared to before the pandemic, the average number of hours that people work from home has doubled and roughly two-thirds of respondents indicate that they teleconference more often. We estimate that structural, post-pandemic increases in working from home and teleconferencing will result in a negative effect on distances travelled by train (-3% to -9%), by bus, tram, and metro (-1% to -5%) and car (-1 to -5%). The estimated effect on the distance travelled by bicycle (-2% to 0%), and walking (0% to +1%) is smaller or even positive, due to people making more complementary trips for other purposes when working from home. When interpreting these results, we should keep in mind that due to various other factors, such as population growth, total travel demand will still grow in the near future
Urban Atmospherics
Get PDFIn this article, we consider how an atmospheric attunement to place enables new ways of writing place. Specifically, we draw on fieldwork conducted in Johannesburg and reflect on the outcome of a remote, collective writing process pursued during months of lockdown, when our attention was dominated by talk of air and virality. We think about how our fieldwork provided us with an unsettling preview of the atmospheric anxieties to come, of a time when the very idea of the urban harboured an unseen and largely uncalibrated threat. Having developed a digital StoryMap as a way to host our written reflections, we also assess the importance of our cross-disciplinary method, especially when it comes to sensing and responding to these atmospheric circulations in less anxious, more critical terms.
Weaving Ensembles: Remembering and Finding Stories for the Factory
Get PDFThis essay builds upon long-term practice-based research developed around Coelima, a textile complex founded in 1922 near Guimarães in Portugal, to explore the performative qualities of collective hand-weaving practices, or weaving ensembles, as collaborative practices of architectural fieldwork. The essay is structured into three parts. First, it draws on anthropologist Paul Connerton\u27s argument that memory resides more in ‘incorporated memory practices’ (Connerton, 1989) rather than objects, to argue that weaving with Coelima workers and local agents can become an innovative mode of remembering and finding memories of the factory\u27s life. The ensembles are explored as ‘events of the thread’ (Albers, 2017) to re-build the factory\u27s unwritten and unsettling history since its deep economic crisis in 1991. Second, it discusses how two weaving capacities enacted in the ensembles – such as exchanging weaving skills on a re-designed loom and weaving’s duration – can benefit architects: to mediate memories and tacit knowledge while evoking long-term and ethical modes of ‘constructing’ stories rather than simply collecting them. Third, the paper suggests that weaving ensembles might be re-evaluated as creative practices of architectural fieldwork, which allow architects and planners to discover and use found stories as starting catalysts to reimagine the future of Coelima, and other places