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Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder: Perspectives on Port City Planning in 19th Century Japan
Get PDFAnthonie Thomas Lubertus Rouwenhorst Mulder is a Dutch civil engineer involved in the design of port cities in 19th-century Japan. In 1879, as part of Japan’s modernization efforts, Mulder was employed as a foreign expert under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Over his approximately eleven-year stay, Mulder contributed to the planning and design of various projects, including rivers, reclamation, and port cities. Notably, his designs for Moji and Misumi ports exemplify his work and the transplantation of European technology and ideas into Japanese port cities. This paper analysed multiple reports on Japan submitted by Mulder, aiming to clarify his perspective as an engineer. Given the absence of engineers in Japan who met European standards at the time, Mulder found it challenging to implement modern technologies such as concrete, leading him to predominantly utilize natural materials like fascines and stone. His designs not only focused on immediate engineering needs but also included comprehensive urban planning elements such as the expansion of port facilities, improvement of land transportation, and enlargement of residential areas through reclamation. These contributions highlight Mulder’s role that extended beyond that of a civil engineer to that of an urban planner, significantly impacting the design of Japanese port cities
Urban green space management in ancient Chinese capitals: Case studies of Chang’an, Lin’an and Beijing
Get PDFUrban green spaces are crucial for the sustainable development of cities, not only in terms of planning and construction, but also in terms of management frameworks. This exists not only in modern cities, but also in ancient cities, especially in ancient Chinese capitals with high density. However, existing research on green spaces in ancient Chinese cities focuses predominantly on their spatial distribution and morphology as results of planning and construction, while neglecting the underlying and ongoing process of management. This research adopts an integrative case study methodology, selecting three representative high- density ancient Chinese capitals: Chang’an in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Lin’an in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), and Beijing in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It systematically examines their green space management, including developmental contexts, institutional frameworks, focal objects, leading forces, and management effectiveness. Through comprehensive analysis and comparison, it is revealed that while ancient Chinese capitals consistently prioritised and institutionalised urban green space management, their distinct historical contexts shaped specific focuses within management practices. Moreover, the nature of administrative agencies and the degree of public participation significantly influenced the long-term efficacy of urban green space management
Research on the Protection and Utilization of Urban and Rural Heritage in the Plateau Valley Area of the Yellow River Basin: Take Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an Example
Get PDFIn the eastern valley of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there exist numerous historical towns and settlement heritages. Over time, they have been enriched and evolved against the backdrop of the compact natural landscape of the valley, creating a unique, dense living space where nature meets humanity and history merges with modernity. Herein, taking the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as example, this study presents a comprehensive solution to the challenges of urban-rural development and heritage preservation in the region. At the macro level, GIS technology is employed to analyze the historical evolution of spatial distribution patterns of settlements. This helps elucidate the historical factors contributing to the coexistence of modern settlements with ancient sites. At the intermediate level, a segmented approach to development is proposed, taking into account both natural environments and human settlements. At a micro scale, based on the interplay between contemporary living spaces and heritage sites, urban-rural settlements are categorized into nested, overlaying, overlapping, adjacent, and distant types, and distinct developmental trajectories for heritage preservation and utilization are delved into. Furthermore, a coordinated development strategy is mapped out for the Yellow River source area, which includes both the safeguarding of cultural heritage and the development of urban and rural construction
The Resignification of the Garden Suburb as International Heritage
Get PDFThe garden suburbs, developed around the turn of the 20th century, are often defined as the inferior version of the Garden City model created by E. Howard in 1898, England, mainly due to their overlapping design principles. However, this definition appears to be a perfunctory conclusion as the story behind the garden suburb is rather complex, and the origin predates the Garden City creation. Understanding the term and its design principles is essentially the initial step to be taken towards designing successful preservation strategies for these endangered garden suburbs. With only scattered mentions in the literature, there is still no consensus on the definition and concepts of the garden suburb, leading to the undervaluation of its potential role in future urban developments. This research aims to take the first steps towards envisioning a new future scenario for the garden suburbs. The study contributes, through literature studies, to the still ongoing debate by unravelling (mis-) conceptions behind the garden suburb. This results in a comprehensive taxonomy used as a base for discussion on the origin, definition, concept, and migration of the garden suburbs. In addition, the research redefines the significance of preserving the garden suburbs, and recognises its international relevance
Tolerance in City Planning as a central element for understanding the transformation of the urban fabric of a historic city: Applying the Plan Cort in Valladolid under Franco’s dictatorship.
Get PDFThe Plan Cort was applied in the city of Valladolid during the first years of Franco’s dictatorship. This urban plan was characterized by the application of the classical rules of city planning at that time. It was a plan to reform the street alignments in the historic centre alongside the construction of working class suburbs on the outskirts and new-build areas beyond the city limits. Actions in the years that followed focused on reforming the historic centre, elevating the permitted heights and increasing the authorized buildable depths. By analysing the licenses of the time, we can conclude that a system of concessions for licenses had been established that openly breached the regulations of the Plan, violating numerous legal requirements. Perhaps the most important violations involved the permitted heights, which were frequently over the maximum authorized. The most important proposals were gradually diluted through a long series of reforms and modifications. It was those who approved the Plan who, in the end, transformed it until it was practically unrecognisable. The Plan was in fact a decoy, a false image of modernity behind which a distracted, self-interested administration hid. As a result of the said flexibility, in several streets of the city of Valladolid, it is currently possible to see the different scales, the typological rupture and the stark contrast between modern and traditional buildings side by side, which have given rise to an urban landscape with a great dissonance
Innovations in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Brazil and China
Get PDFCurrently, Brazil and China are at the forefront with the largest Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) networks globally. Since the 1970s, Brazil has been building its expertise, spearheading the creation of an industry focused on designing and manufacturing vehicles specifically for the BRT system. These vehicles have undergone continuous innovation in both Brazil and China. This development has occurred alongside enhancements in BRT stations and the adoption of inclusive urban designs, which have transformed the public spaces surrounding the terminals. This transformation has not only introduced new methodologies in urban design but has also elevated the architectural significance of terminal buildings. The innovations span from vehicle and terminal architecture design to specific urban planning, all augmented by the advent of cutting-edge technologies. These technologies facilitate intelligent traffic management within BRT corridors and automate fare collection, marking a significant step toward transforming transportation into a smarter system. This study aims to compare the significant advancements made in Brazil and China, focusing on the synergy between vehicle design, terminal architecture, accessible urban planning, and smart management and ticketing systems. The goal is to underscore how these advancements are propelling public transport towards greater efficiency, sustainability, and intelligence
Optimizing risk mitigation in maritime supply chains through strategic supplier relationship management
Get PDFModern supply chains face escalating vulnerabilities, especially in the maritime industry. Traditional lean supply chain management lacks flexibility and risk mitigation measures, encouraging the proposal of agile-focused SCM. The success of companies is intricately tied to supplier performance, highlighting the pivotal role of procurement in risk mitigation through supplier relationship management (SRM) strategies. This emphasizes the role of procurement in risk mitigation since they manage suppliers using supplier relationship management (SRM) strategies. To properly apply SRM strategies, suppliers are segmented. The standard segmentation method is the Purchasing Portfolio Matrix (PPM). The downfall of this matrix is the focus on power relations, which misses a softer relationship side of SRM. The Supplier Potential Matrix (SPM) includes relationship dynamics but overlooks supply risk. A new matrix for segmentation is proposed, the Integrated Supplier Matrix (ISM), which combines and integrates the PPM and SPM. A case study in a maritime company assesses risks using the Best-Worst Method (BWM), revealing significant procurement risks such as product uniqueness, regulatory compliance, and external factors. The ISM then establishes relationships between supplier willingness, capabilities, risks, and profit impact. The findings emphasize the critical role of communication and trust in managing trade-offs within supplier relationship management (SRM)
Foster the application of ISO standards on climate change adaptation in cities
Get PDFA set of ISO standards on climate change adaptation exist that are relevant for the application by cities. However, the knowledge of these is limited among the target groups as well as support is needed to foster their application at city level. The CitISOsCA research project addressed these aspects by different engagement activities using mainly surveys and workshops. The main outcomes of this research are seven verified elements to support applying a standard at city level, and aspects to consider when start the application of a CCA standard in a city. The research fills the gap in literature, which lacks on information on how the application of standards can be fostered
Reviews and Responses for On the Causes and Environmental Impact of Airborne Holdings at Major European Airports
Get PDFSee detailed reviews and responses in the PDF file.
DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2023.719
Reviews and responses for Compilation of an open-source traffic and CO2 emissions dataset for commercial aviation
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DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2023.720