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Reviews and Responses for Hidden Markov Models and Flight Phase Identification
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DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2024.726
Reviews and Responses for Airlines’ Network Analysis on an Air-Rail Multimodal System
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DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2023.722
ChatGPT, Postphenomenology, and the Human-Technology-Reality Relations
Full text linkThis paper analyzes ChatGPT, and other large language models, using Don Ihde’s postphenomenological framework. Ihde helps immensely to understand how ChatGPT goes beyond the classical understanding of the technological mediation of reality to the human, according to which the human alone would engage in hermeneutics. Commonly, ChatGPT is explained as merely calculating probabilities upon serially aligning words. However, adding a speculative postanthropocentric twist to Ihde’s framework, we suggest an explanation for how ChatGPT itself—by virtue of its ability to ‘understand’ text upon ‘reading’ an input and ‘writing’ a meaningful output—necessarily acts as a kind of hermeneutic agent. Firstly, this radicalizes the classical anthropocentric conception of hermeneutics. Secondly, ChatGPT’s hermeneutic character carries a significant potential for performing how we perceive and relate to reality. Not only in the sense that ChatGPT can reify the idea that normative labels and categories alone are apt at representing the world. And, not only in the sense that ChatGPT can ossify particular ways of phrasing the world. But, perhaps more thought-provokingly so, also in the sense that ChatGPT can perform the human—at least to some extent—with ChatGPT’s own synthetically generated perception of reality
The critical impact of remote pilot modelling in evaluation of detect-and-avoid systems explained for ACAS Xu
Full text linkDetect-and-avoid (DAA) systems for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) can provide remain well clear (RWC) guidance as well as shorter term resolution advisories (RAs) for collision avoidance, which are both provided in the vertical and horizontal planes. Simulation-based studies for large sets of encounter scenarios are used in the development and evaluation of DAA systems, which encompass safety and operational acceptability of the DAA supported operations. Given the key role of the remote pilot (RP) in responding to RWC guidance and RAs, a RP model is an essential element in such simulations. This paper describes the development of a RP model for evaluation of encounter scenarios involving the ACAS Xu DAA system. The model describes RP situation awareness (perception, comprehension, projection) as basis for decision-making, modes for responding to RAs and/or RWC guidance, response delays, response strengths, and the flight control actions. The RP model includes deterministic and stochastic settings. It is integrated in a simulation environment for encounters of manned and/or unmanned aircraft, the involved DAA and airborne collision avoidance systems, the surveillance and communication systems, and the human operators. Simulation results are provided for a set of encounters between pairs of RPAS both having ACAS Xu for various configurations of the RP model, and for cases with and without sensor errors. The results show that there can be large differences between the results of deterministic and Monte Carlo simulations, indicating that limited sensor errors can have a large impact on the nonlinear system dynamics. Furthermore it is shown that deadlock conditions can exist where the RPAS show oscillatory behaviour and do not manage to effectively pass each other, dependent on the encounter geometry and RP model settings. It is advised to perform a broad sensitively study for RP performance and to study extending the scope of DAA systems to include guidance for efficiently returning to mission without triggering new conflicts
EURAS Conference 2023
Full text linkThis special issue presents peer-reviewed papers from the 2023 EURAS/SIIT conference on \u27Responsible Standardisation for Smart Systems\u27. The event, held in Aachen, Germany, featured 18 papers across seven sessions, along with panels, keynotes, and workshops. The special issue includes a report of the conference and three peer-reviewed papers. Topics covered are the historical functions of standards, the relationship between certificates for minimum quality and patent applications at the country level, and the importance of reference implementations in ICT standards for open source software, among others. These papers offer insights into various aspects of standardisation, such as its history, its impact on innovation, and the importance of a flexible standardisation process
Reviews and Responses for Uncertainty Assessment of Fuel Consumption Based on Open Data
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DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2023.723
Securing the Sky: Detecting Aircraft Location Drifting through Cross-Checking Receiver-Based Estimated and Received ADS-B Trajectories
Full text linkADS-B serves as a widely adopted protocol in aviation systems, more specifically, among commercial aircraft, transmitting vital information to other aircraft and ground-based receivers. However, the absence of robust security measures and the transmission of unencrypted data render this information susceptible to unauthorized tampering. Exploiting this vulnerability, malicious actors can manipulate the location details within ADS-B transmissions over time, potentially resulting in deviating aircraft from their intended trajectory and even leading to dangerous collisions.
In this research paper, we introduce a new approach to identifying instances of aircraft hijacking. Our proposed method capitalizes on the established geographical coordinates of ground-based receivers, randomly positioned across the landscape by a group of dedicated volunteers, who share their data for research purposes. By leveraging these receiver coordinates, we propose a methodology to estimate the anticipated flight path of an aircraft. This projected trajectory is subsequently cross-checked with the trajectory derived from the incoming ADS-B messages, which contain real-time flight data.By conducting this comparison, our method can detect deviations or inconsistencies between the computed expected trajectory and actual flight paths that are derived from the location information in ADS-B messages. This differential analysis enables the prompt identification of potential aircraft trajectory deviating attempts. By integrating receiver-based trajectory estimation and real-time ADS-B data analysis, our approach contributes to enhancing aviation security and safeguarding against potential threats to the integrity of flight information
Subversive Submersives: The Unseen Urbanisation of the Southern Ocean
Full text linkThe enormity of the ocean presents as an unusual physical obstacle that complicates claims for spaces being urbanised well beyond the traditional container of the city, such as the focus of this discussion: the Southern Ocean. Though commonly perceived as a pristine wilderness at the end of the earth, the ocean surrounding Antarctica has been imbricated in planetary-scale processes of urbanisation since the late eighteenth century, so the absence of this oceanic volume from twenty-first-century urban debates is troubling. Representations of the Antarctic as remote and disconnected from cities do nothing to contribute to a critical discussion of its ocean volume, technological histories or ongoing colonial settler imaginaries. Instead, attention might turn to codifying what the ocean increasingly contains by way of urban processes and, ultimately, what might be offered by confirming extended forms of urbanisation operating on and, importantly, through the earth. In this article I re-present the Southern Ocean via comparative cartographies and critical image-making to cross-examine what its occlusion signifies for the planetary reach of urbanisation. For underneath the machinery of extraction and exploitation lie significant questions regarding representations of the urban as they manifest outside conventions that overstate ‘the city’ as central to urbanisation