Universitas Prima Indonesia: Open Journal Systems
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Formulation and evaluation of red ginger extract tablet (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) as lozenges
No full textRed ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) with a high content of phenols (e.g. gingerol, shogaol, etc.) has potential effects against throat inflammation such as cold, sore throat, tonsilitis, etc. This research aims to determine the formulation of lozenge tablets using red ginger extracts. Lozenges tablets are made from dry ginger extract using a wet granulation method prepared by various concentrations of pregelatinized cassava starch 1 % w/v (F0); 2 % w/v (F1) and 5 % w/v (F2) as a binder and HPMC 2 % w/v (F3) as a comparative binder. Red ginger extract was prepared by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent which is then evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract. Thick red ginger extract is formulated into lozenges with various formulations F0, F1, F2, and F3. Physical characteristics evaluation of lozenge tablets includes physical appearance, weight uniformity, hardness, and disintegration time. The physical appearance of the tablet is round in shape and bright yellow in color. Based on the evaluation of all the formulas made, F2 has good criteria as a red ginger extract lozenge which has a hardness of 6 kg and disintegration time of 5 minutes 4 seconds
Radiological imaging of pulmonary cavitations in adult multidrug-resistance and extensively drug-resistance tuberculosis patients
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen that causes the infectious disease tuberculosis. Based on its resistance, tuberculosis can be divided into Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis (DS-TB) and Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB). MDR-TB is one type of DR-TB when M. tuberculosis complex strains unresponsive to rifampicin and isoniazid. Another type of DR-TB is XDR-TB, A strain of M. tuberculosis that was unresponsive to rifampicin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, and at least 1 drug from group A. Research on the comparison of lung cavities in DS-TB, MDR-TB, and XDR-TB is still limited, this literature review is intended to explore comparative studies of lung cavity radiography in adult MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients. This literature review uses secondary data from literature searches through PubMed and Google Scholar by searching for keywords such as "Pulmonary Cavity", "Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis", "Extensively Drug Resistance". Articles were included in the inclusion criteria if published in national or international journals with topics that match the research objectives within the last ten years. We found 7 studies that compared the radiologic features of lung cavities in individuals who have been diagnosed with DS-TB, MDR-TB, and XDR-TB. The literature review results showed that the radiologic features of cavities from DR-TB appear to be more massive than those in DS-TB. Similarly, in XDR-TB, the radiological picture of cavities appears more massive than in MDR-TB. The conclusion that can be drawn is that cavitation can be seen in DS-TB and DR-TB, and more cavitation in XDR-TB than in MDR-TB and DS-TB
Recurrent anterior dislocation of radial head treated with ulnar distraction osteotomy and reconstruction of annular ligament using palmaris longus tendon with bioabsorbable screw anchoring: A case report
No full textIntroduction: Radial head dislocation in children may be either congenital, an isolated injury or more commonly part of a complex injury to the elbow. Isolated traumatic radial head dislocation in children is a rare and easily missed condition.The reported case shows various treatment and intervention with ulnar osteotomy and annular ligament reconstruction in order to reach the definitive reduction of recurrent dislocation of radial head.
Case Presentation: Male 9 years old with anterior dislocation of the radial head, came with difficulty on flexing his elbow due to bony prominence on his anterior elbow. He had recurrent radial head dislocation with redundant annular ligament. From the physical examination there was a prominent radial head on anterior region of elbow. From x-ray examination we found anterior dislocation of ulnar head without any fracture or deformity of ulna. Patient underwent ulnar distraction osteotomy to achieve radial traction and allow stable reduction of radial head. After 5 months he had reconstruction of annular ligament with palmaris longus tendon graft and anchoring with bioabsorbable screw in order to reduce and stabilize the radial head.
Conclusion: In this case we found ulnar osteotomy may gave improvement for the reduction of the radial head. But additional annular ligament reconstruction give stability of the radial head which will held in place with full range of motion of the elbow. So this combined procedures hopefully can gave best achievement and satisfactory results of the children and last a lifetime
Identifying risk factors for stunting among toddlers at PPA Helefanika, Gunungsitoli City
No full textStunting exerts detrimental effects on health, growth and development, and economic outcomes. These adverse impacts encompass elevated risks of morbidity and mortality, cognitive and language delays, and increased healthcare expenditures. Given these significant consequences, stunting has become a global health priority. This cross-sectional study investigates the influence of maternal height and exclusive breastfeeding practices on the incidence of stunting among children under five years of age in Gunungsitoli City. Conducted from February to April 2024, the study initially included 375 children aged 12–59 months. Due to specific inclusion criteria, the final sample comprised 63 participants selected through purposive sampling. The independent variables analyzed were maternal height and exclusive breastfeeding, with stunting incidence serving as the dependent variable. Data collection employed five questionnaires, and maternal height was measured using a stadiometer. Statistical analyses, including univariate analysis and chi-square tests, were performed using SPSS version 25.0 to explore associations between the variables. The results revealed that most mothers had an elementary school education (34.85%), exhibited normal height (63.64%), and the majority of children were exclusively breastfed (60.61%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between maternal height and stunting incidence (p=0.026), indicating that children born to shorter mothers were at higher risk of stunting. Furthermore, a significant association was found between exclusive breastfeeding practices and stunting incidence (p=0.003), with children who were not exclusively breastfed having a 3.94 times greater odds of experiencing stunting. This study concludes that maternal height and exclusive breastfeeding practices are crucial factors influencing the incidence of stunting in children
Family caregivers' experiences caring for stroke survivors: A phenomenological study
No full textFamilies play a crucial role in caring for stroke patients, but they often face various challenges. This study aims to explore the experiences of family members as caregivers for stroke patients. Using a phenomenological approach, this research examines the participants' direct experiences to uncover the phenomenon's essence. Data was collected through in-depth interviews over three months, from May to July 2024. In-depth interviews were used as the main instrument for gathering qualitative data from nine informants. The interview process was conducted in-depth and systematically, with triangulation techniques to enhance data validity. Data analysis was performed using a thematic content analysis approach. Data was continuously analyzed during the collection process, focusing on recurring keywords and phrases. The results were then grouped and organized into relevant subthemes. The findings indicate that caregivers often experience sleep deprivation, physical exhaustion, and social isolation. Additionally, they face financial challenges due to loss of income and increased healthcare costs. Despite these challenges, caregivers derive satisfaction from their role. This study highlights the need for a comprehensive support system, including respite care, financial assistance, and educational resources, to improve caregiver well-being and enhance the quality of care for stroke patients
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TENTANG PERILAKU SEKS BERISIKO
No full textBackground: Adolescents are viewed as a high-risk group for sexual and reproductive health issues, because of their curiosity and wants to try something new but is not balanced with sufficient knowledge and maturity and limited experience that to encourage risky sexual behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of reproductive health counseling on adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding risky sexual behavior at SMKS M Meadan. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test-post-test approach. The population included all 280 students of SMKS “M” Medan, selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The numbers of samples in this study were 62 people. Univariate and bivariate data analyses were conducted using the Wilcoxon Pairs Test. The results indicated significant differences in respondents' knowledge levels after counseling, with a p-value of 0.02 (p < 0.05), as well as significant changes in their attitudes, also with a p-value of 0.001 (p <0 .05). The conclusion demonstrates that reproductive health counseling significantly influenced adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about risky sexual behavior at SMKS “M” Medan 2022 . It is hoped that the school can establish cross-program collaboration with the health center on reproductive health in adolescents, therefore it is expected to increase the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about risky sexual behavior.
Keywords: Counseling, Knowledge, Attitudes, Teenagers, Risky Se
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG MANFAAT KOLOSTRUM TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS GARUDA PEKANBARU
No full textStunting is a public health problem that is associated with an increased risk of morbidity, death, and barriers to motor and mental growth (Rahmadhita, 2020). The incidence of stunting has increased from year to year. Global data shows that the incidence of stunting in 2018 is estimated at 21.9% or 149 million children under 5 years of age, while in Southeast Asia there are 14.4 million children under 5 years of age experiencing stunting. The aim of this research is to find out the relationship between knowledge about colostrum and the incidence of stunting at the Garuda Pekanbaru health center. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research population was all mothers who brought their toddlers to the Garuda Health Center, with a sampling technique using the accidental sampling method of 225 samples. This research was carried out at the Garuda Community Health Center from June to December 2023. The instruments used were a questionnaire and height measurement. Data collection techniques involve approaching respondents to obtain their consent as research objects. Data was collected through a questionnaire regarding demographic data and history of breastfeeding, followed by observation of the child's height adjusted for age using a z-score table. Based on the chi-square statistical test, a value of p=0.000 was obtained, which shows that there is a relationship between knowledge about the benefits of colostrum and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. It is recommended that mothers exclusively breastfeed according to the child's nutritional needs to prevent stunting.
Key words: Toddlers, Colostrum, Stuntin
Penerapan Metode Simple Queue dalam manajemen Bandwith Jaringan Komputer Local Area Network (LAN) Pada PT. Uni Gemilang Sentosa Jakarta: Jaringan Komputer Local Area Network (LAN)
No full textThe Internet is a familiar part of business, government education, industry, and even offices, as at PT. Uni Gemilang Sentosa. Network system problems at PT. Ulni Gelmilang Selntosa is the absence of bandwidth management, which regulates the speed of the Internet for the Internet, so that the speed of the Internet is unstable between one and the other, which causes the use of the Internet not to be optimal, especially if someone is carrying out uploads and downloads. Bandwidth management controls and measures communications (network traffic and packets) on a network link to avoid congestion and poor performance. Simple queue is a method for limiting bandwidth by dividing bandwidth from small to medium and managing each user's upload and download bandwidth. One solution for bandwidth to be used more optimally is having bandwidth management using the simple queue method available on the network using MikroTik with bandwidth management at PT. Uni Gemilang internet access becomes smooth between one user and another according to their respective capacities.
Dasar Pemrograman Basic Python Interface Google Colaboratory
No full textPemrograman Python sangat dibutuhkan saat ini karena merupakan Bahasa yang akan dipergunakan untuk Machine Learning, Deep Learning dan Artificial Intelligence. Pemrograman Python melalui Google Colaboratory merupakan ilmu yang sangat menyenangkan untuk dipelajari karena anda tidak perlu menginstall interface tersendiri di komputer. Jadi anda bisa tetap belajar dengan menggunakan gadget seperti tab, smartphone dan laptop asalkan gadget tersebut tetap terkoneksi ke internet. Buku ini membahas tentang dasar-dasar pemrograman Python di Google Colaboratory. Dimulai dengan settingan awal di google kemudian dilanjutkan dengan memulai kodingan awal ('Hello World'). Langkah selanjutnya adalah mengenal variable yakni teks atau string dan angka baik integer ataupun float. Adapun struktur data ada beberapa tipe yakni List yang mutable atau dapat diubah. Isi dalam list dapat ditambahkan, dihapus dan diubah dan disortir. Ada juga tipe data dictionaries yang dapat menampung banyak informasi seperti biodata mahasiswa yakni nama, gender, usia, nomor telepon, dan email. Lalu ada Tupple yang bersifat immutable yakni tidak dapat diubah-ubah dan set yang mutable. Dalam kondisi bersyarat ada beberapa hal yang perlu dipelajari dimulai dari kondisi Boolean ( 1 dan 0) dan dengan pemahaman Boolean dapat lebih mudah memahami fungsi logika yakni AND, OR dan NOT. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan 1 kondisi yakni penggunaan if dan 2 kondisi pilihan dengan if-else. Lalu kondisi pilihan ini naik ke Tingkat yang lebih tinggi dengan menawarkan banyak pilihan atau sering disebut dengan Chained Condition. Salah satu aplikasi Chained Condition yakni penentuan grade dari nilai akademik. Ada juga Nested Condition yang disebut dengan kondisi bersarang yang dimana dalam satu kondisi ada beberapa kondisi lagi yang ditawarkan di dalamnya. Lalu ada while loops yang memastikan program berjalan saat suatu kondisi dipenuhi dan ada gabungan break+Continue dan for+continue. Setiap variable akan disimpan dalam memori yang berbeda selagi informasinya berbeda tapi jikalau informasinya sama maka alamat penyimpanannya akan sama karena alamat penyimpanan memandang kepada isi bukan ke penamaan variabel. Kemudian untuk membangun suatu program yang besar dan comples maka diperlukan pemahaman tentang class dan object sehingga program yang dibangun akan disesuaikan dengan fungsinya. Yang paling penting juga adalah mengimplementasikan kondisi-kondisi dengan beberapa pilihan, kemudian bekerja dengan file .Txt dan CSV dan merepresentasikan data baik line, scatter dan bar chart. Terakhir kemampuan 58 yang akan sering digunakan di dunia akadamik adalah teknik merepresentasikan data. Pada Python, library untuk representasi datanya sudah sangat lengkap dan anda bisa mempresentasikan data dengan begitu menarik. Beberapa fitur untuk mempertebal/mempertipis ukuran grafik, menggantik warna, dan beberapa fitur untuk marker(penanda). Representasi data yang dibahas di buku ini ada tiga yakni line graph, scatter plot dan bar chart yang dimana ketiga visualisasi data akan sering dipergunakan di kegiatan akademik baik penulisan laporan dan artikel ilmiah. Mempelajari Python di Google Colaboratory akan sangat membantu anda berlatih sekaligus memiliki catatan pribadi tentang apa yang anda pelajari. Catatan dan program yang anda bangun akan otomatis tersimpan di akun anda. Sehingga anda dapat mengakses catatan dan program anda dimanapun anda berada. Dengan mempelajari dasar-dasar Python pada Google Colaboratory tidak tertutup kemungkinan anda dapat menggunakan aplikasi offline untuk menggunakan Python seperti Pycharm, Anaconda, dll. Dengan memahami pola pemrograman di Python maka secara tidak langsung anda akan dibekali untuk memahami Bahasa pemrograman lainnya
Tanaman kumis kucing dan rizosfernya sebagai antioksidan dan manfaat jamur rizosfer lainnya
No full textKumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) adalah tanaman herbal yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional, seperti antioksidan, diuretik (memperlancar pengeluaran air kemih), batuk, mengobati rematik, encok, sembelit, radang ginjal, masuk angin, batu ginjal, kencing manis, dan albuminuria. Pada tanaman kumis kucing terdapat jamur rizosfer yang memiliki manfaat terhadap tanaman inangnya.
Buku Tanaman kumis kucing dan rizosfernya sebagai antioksidan serta manfaat jamur rizosfer lainnya ini menguraikan beberapa hal mengenai tanaman kucing, jamur rizosfer dan bioaktivitasnya, serta maksud dari antioksidan. Uraian yang terdapat pada penelitian di buku ini yaitu :
Tanaman kumis kucing,
jamur rizosfer dari tanaman kumis kucing dan tanaman lainnya,
pengertian dari antioksidan.
Akhir kata, semoga dengan adanya buku ini akan menambah wawasan dan berkembangnya penelitian tentang tanaman kumis kucing dan jamur rizosfer sehingga dapat banyak membantu di bidang kesehatan maupun di bidang kimia dan farmasi