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Représentation du corps féminin dans le roman africain francophone: Les cas de Salimata dans "Les Soleils des Indépendances" d’Ahmadou Kourouma et Perpétue dans "Perpétue et l’habitude du malheur" de Mongo Beti
Get PDFDans la littérature négro-africaine d\u27expression française, la coutume et la croyance en quelques traditions sociales (l\u27excision des filles et l’objectivation de la femme) occupent une place importante. Si la société traditionnelle africaine considère que l’excision ritualisée et le mariage des filles donnent lieu à la vie sexuelle normale et symbolise une transformation radicale de la vie de celles-ci, il faut reconnaître que ces pratiques entraînent, également, de dramatiques et graves conséquences physiques et psychologiques. Cette contribution propose ainsi une analyse des romans Soleils des Indépendances d’Ahmadou Kourouma et Perpétue et l’habitude du malheur de Mongo Beti et des motivations qui ont poussé ces écrivains à faire de l’itinéraire des deux femmes (Salimata et Perpétue) des soubassements de leur poétique. Nous mettrons l\u27accent sur les douloureuses épreuves par lesquelles est obligée de passer une fille africaine pour devenir une femme et prendre contact avec la véritable vie de famille. Mis en position de prendre parti, le lecteur se voit amené à juger insupportable le sort réservé à ces femmes incarnant la force vive et active du monde africain
Entre présentation et représentation : le corps à travers l’oeil de la caméra de Carolee Schneemann
Get PDFDès le début des années 1960, la peintre américaine Carolee Schneemann s’empare de la caméra pour filmer ses performances. Ainsi l’artiste ajoute l’outil filmique à ses autres pratiques artistiques, la peinture et la performance. Revendiquant des préoccupations politico-sociales telles que le féminisme ou l’anti-militarisme, Schneemann utilise la caméra à la fois dans une volonté de décloisonner les genres artistiques, d’affirmer une identité créatrice et féminine et de repousser les limites de la présentation et de la représentation de son propre corps à travers une affirmation de son image et de sa sexualité. Comment le film va-t-il participer à la reconstruction de l’image d’un corps artistique féminin et permettre à Schneemann de se saisir de son pouvoir de création? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions par une recontextualisation de ses films Meat Joy (1964) et Fuses (1964-1967)
The Critical Years: Role of the Events of the 1780s in Strengthening the Abolitionist Movement of Britain
Get PDFMuch of the success that the British abolitionist movement had over the course of the late 18th century and early 19th century was a result of a transformation that took place in the abolitionist movement during the 1780s. As the decade progressed, the abolitionist cause became a powerful force and organization as a result of the rise in powerful and charismatic individuals, that provided a voice and guidance for the cause; the Quaker’s involvement in laying down the foundation for a unified abolitionist movement; and finally, the refinement of pro-abolitionist arguments that were used to counteract anti-abolitionist tracts. Though the British slave trade was not abolished until 1807, with slavery being outright abolished in the Empire in 1833, the 1780s saw abolitionist sentiments spread across the British Isles and British citizens becoming actively involved in the cause to free the slaves. By the end of the decade the debate over slavery had become a flash point in British politics that led to heated debates in Parliament as to what course of action should be taken. Though the end of the decade did not see slavery abolished it did lay the foundation for the eventual abolition of slavery in Britain and the Empire
Feminist Interpretations of the Holocaust
No full textThe emergence of the study of the history of the Holocaust following the “silent years”, which occupied nearly two decades of the post-war era, coincided with the establishment of second wave feminism. Despite the creation of the discipline of Women’s and Gender Studies and the emerging variety of women’s history within post secondary institution, discussion of women in the Holocaust did not become a part of the discourse of history until the late seventies. In addition to the lag in addressing the study of the history of women in the Holocaust, the application of feminist theory to Holocaust history was late to the academic conversation. Feminist history of the Holocaust was finally studied in the early eighties, in order to better understand not only women in the Holocaust but also the Holocaust more generally. However, the discourse failed to evolve and diversify as quickly as other forms of feminist history. As a result of the perceived exceptionality of the Holocaust within the context of history and even within the more specified picture of the history of genocide, the application of feminist theory as well as the understanding of the experiences of women and the implications of gender within the Holocaust remain relatively stunted within the context of Holocaust and feminist history
The Submissive Sex
Get PDFMen hold power over women in almost every aspect of life; this is a historical and cross-cultural fact that becomes exemplified in heterosexual relationships. Males are expected to fulfill the role of provider and ruler while females take order and surrender emotional and physical care. Considering these roles and expectations, the unequal power dynamics within relationships often blur the lines of sexism and domination, often manifesting within sex as the fetishism of control. With a quick glance through Craigslist men seeking women personal ads, we are given a window into some of the fetishes expressed in heterosexual relationships
“I Wish to be Free of All Things I Am Not and Will Never Be”: Reorientation of Self Through the (re)Framing of (post)Colonial Consciousness in Marie Clements’ The Edward Curtis Project.
Get PDFThe works of Edward Curtis are weighty historical records considered as seminal projects that have been the international communities main representations of Aboriginal cultures and their peoples. However, Curtis\u27 projects, as ethno-anthropological work, limit the avenues of representation afforded to Aboriginal peoples; through attempting to preserve an image of authenticity, Curtis\u27 work entraps and filters the multifaceted compontents of Aboriginal culture(s) into a homogenous static group through a colonial lens. In opposition to these colonial standards, contemporary aboriginal literature attempts to carve a path in which Aboriginal people are represented in their own dynamic cultures and identities; the dramatic work of Marie Clements, The Edward Curtis Project, acts as a direct response to the work of Edward Curtis as it (re)frames and problematizes discourse regarding (re)presentation, (post)colonial conscioussness, and the (re)positioning of subject/object dynamics
Resistence in the Ghettos
Get PDFThis paper examines the nature and role of resistance in the ghettos during the Holocaust. The goal is to demonstrate that it was common throughout the ghettos, and took many different active and passive forms. The most commonly known forms are the active uprisings of several different ghettos, the most famous of which was in Warsaw, however, there were also other examples such as raids. Passive forms of resistance are less well known, but were integral for the physical and psychological health of the inhabitants. They include examples such as smuggling food, underground hospitals, religious education, and cultural events. By demonstrating the multiple ways in which Jews resisted the Nazis, this paper challenges the idea, held by certain scholars such as Raul Hilberg, that the Jews offered little in the way of resistance, and instead shows the crucial role that even the smallest acts of resistance had on maintaining the health of the inhabitants of the ghettos
Anti-Slavery Movements in British North America and the Transnational life of “Obedient Servant” Samuel Ringgold Ward
Get PDFThis paper argues that the writings of abolitionist Samuel Ringgold Ward and other anti-slavery groups were indicative of a larger trend of African Americans becoming influenced by Moral Colonialism. This colonialism was based on the belief that British colonizers were civilizing and therefore saving non-white populations, through measures such as appointing “protectors” to prevent non-white people from being taken into slavery and other forms of exploitation. In these writings, there are many descriptions given to the British Empire, describing it as a “glorious nation” and other similar labels, which argued that the British Empire was the most progressive power. Samuel Ringgold Ward lived a mobile life in America, Canada, Switzerland, Britain, and Jamaica, so this paper will use a transnational approach, showing the connections British North America had to other colonies in the British Empire, while also demonstrating the many influences on the views of Ward and other African Americans