1854 research outputs found
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Brazil in the world: A ranking analysis of capability and status measures
No full textInternational relations specialists conventionally consider Brazil as a typical, if large, non-petroleum-exporting Latin American country with consequently marginal relevance in global, and perhaps even regional, issues. Brazil’s candidacy for major power status is being taken seriously by government officials, businessmen, and academicians on several continents. Brazil is clearly one of the major agricultural nations of the world, so much so that, according to a US Department of Agriculture report, “No other country in the world produces a wider variety of agricultural products in significant quantities.” Brazil has been following a long-established pattern of using agricultural exports to gain foreign exchange for development projects, a strategy that was reaffirmed by the Third National Development Plan. Of essential significance to a national capabilities analysis are measures of basic and heavy industry, in which Brazil shows a clear pattern of advance relative to other economies on most items; several are within or approaching “top ten” status
Effect of Exercise on Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: What the Lymphatic Surgeon Needs to Know
No full textBackground ?Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects many areas of daily living. Individuals with lymphedema may experience chronic and progressive swelling, recurrent skin infections, and decreased self-image and quality of life. For many years, it was considered best practice for this population to avoid exercise; however, in recent years, research has begun to challenge this belief. This systematic review and meta-analyses examined the recent literature on the effects of exercise for patients with, or at risk for, BCRL to inform best practice. Methods ?A total of 807 articles were retrieved from CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Medline, and PubMed. Results were systematically filtered to 26 articles through inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Data were pooled from studies containing relative and absolute volume measurements of limb volume, as well as upper extremity function measured by the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; meta-analyses were conducted using SAS software. Results ?The literature was reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results have indicated aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, stretching, yoga, qigong, and pilates can be safe and effective in the management of symptoms for those with, or at risk for, BCRL. Conclusion ?Several forms of exercise appear to be safe interventions for clinicians to use when treating this population and offer benefits such as improved quality of life, strength, body mass index, and mental health and decreased pain and lymphatic swelling. Additional research should be conducted to further examine the efficacy and safety of nontraditional forms of exercise in the treatment of BCRL
Digital Photography Fall Term 2019
No full textCOM/ART 145: Digital Photographyhttps://jayscholar.etown.edu/com145/1015/thumbnail.jp
Digital Photography May Term 2019
No full textCOM/ART 145: Digital Photographyhttps://jayscholar.etown.edu/com145/1009/thumbnail.jp
Digital Photography May Term 2019
No full textCOM/ART 145: Digital Photographyhttps://jayscholar.etown.edu/com145/1004/thumbnail.jp
Reasoning and Decision Making in Clinical Swallowing Examination
No full textPurpose of Review: Dysphagia has significant negative impact on health outcomes and hence evidence-based assessment and management of impaired swallowing is central to quality healthcare. Recent Findings: Approaches to the Clinical Swallowing Examination (CSE) vary considerably. It has been suggested that the patterns of item use within a CSE are non-random, and are influenced by the clinician’s decision making and reasoning processes relevant to each specific clinical scenario. These observations are in line with current models of diagnostic reasoning in the health professions and may reflect a dual process of analytical and intuitive decision making that allows clinical decisions to be made in situations of high cognitive load, limited resources, and dynamic workloads. As such, it may be the robustness of the clinical decision making process, not necessarily dogmatic adherence to item-based assessment protocols, that ensures quality CSE assessment processes, and ultimately, of the clinical care processes it informs. Summary: We provide an overview of the relevant literature on the cognitive psychology of human decision making and reasoning, and summarize existing research as it pertains to reasoning and decision making in the CSE. We draw connections between these exciting fields of research and offer our own considerations for future directions in research and scholarship in this area
Large mammal declines and the incipient loss of mammal-bird mutualisms in an African savanna ecosystem
No full textOver the past half-century, large mammal populations have declined substantially throughout East Africa, mainly due to habitat loss and unsustainable direct exploitation. While it has been acknowledged that the loss of large mammals can have direct and cascading effects on community composition and ecosystem characteristics, limited quantitative work has been done on how declines of large herbivore populations impacts the abundance of mutualistic symbionts. Using a space-for-time observational approach, we quantified the large mammal community alongside the densities, host preferences and behaviors of mutualistic red-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus), and yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africanus) in northern Tanzania. At the landscape scale, mammal community composition was substantially less diverse in highly human-dominated areas when compared with more protected areas, with an observed complete loss of large wild mammal species in two study areas. Mirroring this trend, oxpecker densities were lowest in the least protected areas, and highest in fully protected areas. Using resource selection functions implemented via generalized linear models at different scales, we found that oxpeckers (1) were predominantly (67% of red-billed oxpeckers; 70% of yellow-billed oxpeckers) feeding on larger (between 500kg and 1500kg) ungulate host species within the mammal community, (2) usually preferred feeding on larger individuals (adults and males) within a specific host species population, and (3) preferred hosts that were more tolerant of their presence. In particular, cattle were especially intolerant of oxpecker presence and were relatively effective in displacing oxpeckers. We found little evidence that oxpecker feeding was parasitic across all host species; wound feeding was only observed on giraffe, comprising 6% and 4% of feeding behavior in red-billed and yellow-billed oxpeckers respectively. Thus, a loss of large-bodied and oxpecker tolerant host species is a likely explanation for declines of oxpecker populations in human dominated landscapes, which may have further cascading effects
Hands-on activities to improve students\u27 Conceptual understanding of water hardness
No full textHardness removal is a topic typically covered in water treatment courses. Students commonly hold misconceptions about what is meant by hard water. This paper explores hands-on activities centered around hard water to improve students\u27 conceptual understanding of what hardness is and its associated problems. As a pre-assessment, students were asked to define hardness in the context of water quality then describe what problems it causes. They were then guided through two short in-class activities designed to illustrate the impacts of hardness. Students washed dirty glass beakers using soft or hard water using equal amounts of liquid soap. They observed the difference in the quantity of suds generated as well as the buildup on the beaker following rinsing and air drying. Later, in a separate activity, they measured hardness using titration kits using different water samples: bottled water, distilled water, tap water, and water softened using a home water softener. Using the hardness scale, they classified the water samples as being soft, moderately hard, hard, or extremely hard. These activities preceded lectures covering the formal definition of hardness, calculation of total hardness, the lime/soda ash water softening process, and ion exchange. Students enjoyed these activities with some showing increased interest by bringing in additional water samples from home or other locations on campus. Pre-assessment results revealed that a majority of the students were confused about the source of hardness with 0% reporting a completely correct definition, 42.8% a partially correct definition, and 57.2% reporting a completely incorrect definition. However, 64.3% knew that it causes buildup on surfaces. Post-assessment conducted via exams revealed that students\u27 conceptual knowledge improved and from midterm to final exam
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
No full textThis essay examines a figure usually considered with justification to be the premier Roman historian of the nineteenth century and perhaps the greatest scholar in his field of all times. It tries to show why Mommsen focuses, particularly in the last volume of his magisterial study of Rome down to the end of the Republic, on the life and activities of Julius Caesar. The essay concludes by reassessing conventional narratives about why Mommsen admired Caesar, so much so that he could not bring himself to describe the death of the Roman leader whom he characterized as the founder of a “military monarchy.”
