1854 research outputs found
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Gender Stereotypes in Survivor
Full text linkSurvivor is an American reality competition show where a group of castaways fight for the title of “Sole Survivor” through a variety of challenges and tribal councils where members are voted out by each other. It is often called a “microcosm of our real world,” but how accurate is it? This research compares gender and four behavioral traits—affection, emotionality, independence, and competitiveness—to determine if gender stereotypes associated with those traits are present in Survivor. Previous research indicates that women are portrayed as more affectionate and emotional, while men are portrayed as more independent and competitive in the media. Previous research also indicates that television is influential in people’s perception of stereotypes. Through a content analysis of randomly selected episodes, results indicate that gender has no effect on the portrayal of affection, emotionality, independence, and competitiveness
Instagram Engagement: Comparing Sportswear Companies to Running Brands
Full text linkAchieving an engaged social media presence is a crucial task for sports organizations in today’s expanding digital realm. “Instagram Engagement: Comparing Mainstream Sports Brands to Running Brands” explores the evolution of the sports-media relationship and specifically analyzes the engagement rates and types of content posted throughout five sportswear and running organizations’ Instagram accounts. 393 posts were analyzed and classified into three categories: metacommunicative, conceptual, and narrative (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006; Romney & Johnson, 2018). Overall, sportswear companies posted the most narrative images while running brands shared the greatest number of conceptual images. Significant difference was discovered between the number of comments received on metacommunicative and conceptual posts compared to narrative pictures. No significant difference was apparent between the likes received throughout the three post categories. This study provides a detailed report regarding the social media presence of the ten running-related entities to understand the relationship between the content posted and the number of likes and comments accumulated on each post
Review of the Role of Environmental Cues in Various Aspects of Nicotine Addiction
Full text linkNicotine in cigarettes is a highly addictive substance but can also alter the incentive value of cues associated with smoking as well as other natural reinforcers, such as food. While previous work has shown nicotine to enhance the saliency of and reactivity to sucrose-paired cues by serving as an occasion-setting stimulus while also enhancing reward-learning, much of this work has been done in male rats. In the present study, we explore whether nicotine can enhance sucrose self-administration and sucrose-seeking in female rats. For ten days female Sprague-Dawley rats were either given subcutaneous saline (ST, saline trained) or nicotine (NT, nicotine trained, 0.4 mg/kg) prior to sucrose self-administration. Then, rats were given two separate tests for sucrose-seeking in which they received either a saline or nicotine challenge. We show that ST and NT animals have mostly comparable acquisition of sucrose self-administration, with the exception of NT animals lever pressing at a higher rate when the sucrose-paired audiovisual cue was on. We also show that NT trained animals elevate responding during sucrose-seeking tests when given a nicotine challenge compared to a saline challenge while ST animals have comparable responding. Thus, we show that nicotine is an occasion-setting stimulus for sucrose-seeking in female rats, as is in male rats, but unlike in male rats where the effects of nicotine on reward-learning are profound, we observed subtler effects on acquisition of sucrose-self administration. Consideration of nicotine and cue-saliency leads to implications for treatment in those with a nicotine addiction, targeting various aspects of the addiction cycle. Menthol has been shown to effect various aspects of nicotine’s mechanism of action and would be worth further investigation into its effect nicotine’s relationship with cue-seeking
Invasive Crayfish Faxonius Rusticus Do Not Prefer Pheromones of Conspecifics
Full text linkThe invasive crayfish Faxonius rusticus has invaded multiple watersheds throughout Pennsylvania and the country. Current trapping methods are time consuming, labor intensive, and ineffective. Because crustaceans produce and utilize pheromones to communicate social status and mating condition, baited pheromone traps might serve as an effective alternative to the current trapping methods. The aim of this study was to examine if F. rusticus can distinguish between pheromones produced by conspecifics during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Previous research in our lab showed that during the breeding season females prefer male pheromones, but that preference disappears during the non-breeding season. We collected pheromones from male and female F. rusticus during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Collected pheromones were combined to create stocks; female breeding, female non-breeding, male breeding, and male non-breeding. Sexually mature F. rusticus were exposed to breeding and non-breeding pheromone stocks of opposite sex by pumping the pheromones through the arms of a Y-maze. The preference of the individual was determined based on which arm of the maze it selected and spent more time in. Findings suggest that during the non-breeding season mature crayfish do not exhibit a preference for pheromone type, breeding or non-breeding. There was no difference in pheromone preference between males and females; neither sex exhibited preference for opposite sex pheromones from the either breeding or non-breeding season. Understanding how pheromones are used by crayfish is essential to developing effective methods for eradication of invasive species
Exercise-related coping beliefs predict physical activity levels in response to naturally occurring stress: A daily diary study of college students
No full textObjective The present study sought to examine whether beliefs about physical activity as a means of coping with stress predicted college students’ exercise levels following naturally occurring stressors. Participants: One-hundred and twenty-seven undergraduate students were recruited from psychology courses at a large, urban university in the southwestern United States. Methods: Participants completed baseline measures and daily assessments for two weeks; data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results: Beliefs about the coping properties of physical activity significantly moderated the effects of daily stress (b = 0.19, SE = 0.09, p =.02), and combined daily and chronic stress (b = 0.01, SE = 0.01, p \u3c.01), on students’ daily exercise. Conclusions: College students’ beliefs about physical activity are associated with changes in their daily exercise following exposure to naturally-occurring stressors. Such beliefs may be amenable to intervention to promote adaptive coping with stress and enhanced physical activity
Family Business Professionalization: An Explanatory Research Abstract
Full text linkThe study is dedicated to family entrepreneurship research with a clear focus on family business professionalization. There is a consensus in family business research and practice that professionalization is one of the most complex topics facing family firms. Despite its importance, it is one of the areas that has been the least investigated by researchers. Based on an extensive literature review, a detailed interview plan was developed and has been perfected. This interview plan will be used to collect our data through comprehensive interviews with a sample group consisting of executives from ten family businesses that are in their second or third generation of ownership. The collection of their experiences on professionalization within their own companies and their unique observations will be used to create a paper highlighting the benefits and challenges of professionalization within family firms
Correction: Stuckey et al. Why the Tsirelson Bound? Bub\u27s Question and Fuchs\u27 Desideratum. 2019, , 692
No full textThe authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]
When lightning strikes twice: Perceptions of oncology social workers about working with families with two members in treatment
No full textOBJECTIVE: Families with a parent and child concurrently receiving cancer treatment are not common, but their needs are typically more complex than families with only one member in treatment. They have a heightened sense of loss, vulnerability, and mortality. The study purpose was to: (1) describe quality of life, social support, resiliency, and loss for these families; and (2) describe how healthcare teams can support these families. METHODS: This was a qualitative study with 20 oncology social workers who had worked with families with a parent and child concurrently receiving treatment for cancer within the past five years. The interview included questions about the emotional, social, financial, and other needs of these families, as well as their social support, quality of life, loss, and resiliency. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the data: 1. Increased demands on the family with a concurrent cancer treatment, including emotional, financial, and logistical challenges for the ill parent and child and for the healthy parent and siblings; 2. Greater resilience and coping skills were experienced by some families; and 3. Implications for the healthcare team, including emotional distress in treating these families, challenges in treatment adherence, and providing the necessary support to these families. CONCLUSION: Supporting these families is challenging for social workers and other members of the healthcare team. Understanding the emotional, financial and logistical needs of these families, and coordinating their care across the adult and pediatric teams, will better support the patients, as well as the healthcare providers who work with them
Travel Writing: Capturing British Culture through Prose and Image
Full text linkThis project examines the development and creation of the travel writing genre. Before going on a study abroad trip, research revealed notetaking and photography techniques and helped develop overarching themes to guide activities abroad and story writing upon return
Blue Jay Journeys
No full textExploring journeys of Blue Jay alums, students, and professors at Elizabethtown College. Hosted by the School of Arts and Humanities Digital Humanities Hub