e-Journal Balitbangkumham (Balitbang Hukum Dan Ham)
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Aksentuasi Kepentingan terbaik Anak dalam Putusan Nafkah sebagai Upaya Penjaminan Hak Asasi Anak
Get PDFChildren have an important positioning in spheres of human life, starting from the scope of family life to the state, therefore every policy must be able to guarantee the fulfillment of children’s rights. This study aims to describe the guarantee of children’s human rights through the accentuation of the best interests of children in the decision to make a living. The result of the study is useful as a basis for adaptive thinking for judges in making decisions for children’s livelihoods that prioritize the best interests of children. This study uses normative legal research with a philosophy and legislation approach, and a prescriptive analysis method. The accentuation of the best interests of the child in the judge’s decision regarding livelihoods must be able to lead to guarantee of the rights of the child’s welfare which includes three aspects, namely the presence of parents, condition (maturity and experience) and the environment in which the child lives. The advice given is to remember that living is one of the needs of children to fulfill their natural rights in order to survive and improve their quality of life, so judges should always conduct in-depth studies (ijtihad) in every examination of children’s livelihood cases.Anak mempunyai kedudukan penting dalam lingkup kehidupan manusia, mulai dari lingkup kehidupan berkeluarga sampai bernegara, karena itu setiap kebijakan harus dapat menjamin terpenuhinya hak anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penjaminan hak asasi anak melalui aksentuasi kepentingan terbaik anak dalam putusan nafkah. Hasil penelitian berguna sebagai dasar pemikiran adaptif bagi hakim dalam memberikan putusan nafkah anak yang mengedepankan kepentingan terbaik anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filsafat dan perundang-undangan, dan metode analisis preskriptif. Aksentuasi kepentingan terbaik anak dalam putusan nafkah harus dapat menjamin hak kesejahteraan anak yang meliputi tiga aspek yaitu kehadiran orang tua, keadaan (kematangan dan pengalaman) anak dan lingkungan tempat tinggal anak. Saran yang disampaikan adalah mengingat nafkah sebagai salah satu kebutuhan anak untuk memenuhi hak kodratinya agar tetap bertahan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya, maka kepada para hakim hendaknya senantiasa melakukan kajian mendalam (ijtihad) dalam setiap memeriksa perkara nafkah anak
Initiating The ASEAN Arbitration Board as a Forum for Settlement of Investment Legal Disputes in The Framework of Integration of The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Region
Get PDFThe impact of liberalization and globalization of the world economy is that all countries in the ASEAN region, have become an area of a borderless economic community (AEC). This has triggered an increase in the foreign investment business and its legal disputes, which of course need legal certainty for dispute resolution. The parties must resolve it through general courts (litigation), or alternative dispute resolution out of court or arbitration (non-litigation). Therefore, it becomes a legal issue: what are the legal aspects of resolving legal disputes between the Indonesian government and foreign investors; and what efforts should be made to facilitate the settlement of investment law disputes, within the framework of regional integration of the ASEAN economic community? This study aims to analyze investment dispute resolution and the idea of establishing an MEA arbitration body as a forum for resolving investment legal disputes between business actors. This study uses a normative juridical method, which is based on library research to obtain secondary data, sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The specifications of the analytical descriptive research describe the establishment of the MEA arbitration body and the potential positive impacts. The data analysis method used is juridical qualitative. The results of the study indicate that the development of investment business legal dispute resolution in the MEA area requires the AEC Arbitration Board as a forum for resolving investment disputes between business actors, mainly due to differences in legal systems between countries
Penanganan Hak Atas Perumahan yang Layak terkait Backlog Di Masa Pandemi COVID 19: Studi Kasus di Kota Samarinda
Get PDFBacklog issues were the main problems during the pandemic. Samarinda City Government istrying to overcome this by presenting affordable housing with the concept of the welfare state (wohlfahrtsstaat). However, this has not been realized, especially for the homeless and People with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS). This study aims to analyze the Samarinda City Government’s effort to overcome the backlog issue to fulfill the right to decent housing for PMKS. This research used a juridical normative method by statute and a case study approach with legal sociological. The results show the housing rights fulfillment in Samarinda City has not been fulfilled as a crucial issue to mitigate the spread of Covid-19. The policy implications are still in conflict with constraints such as land availability and are not yet equity-oriented. It is necessary to synchronize policy arrangements with the fulfillment of rights through human rights conventions which are ratified by the Samarinda City Government on availability, affordability, and sustainability aspects.Isu backlog menjadi permasalahan utama perumahan di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Pemerintah Kota Samarinda berusaha mengatasi dengan rumah layak huni yang terjangkau dan sesuai konsep negara kesejahteraan (wohlfahrtsstaat). Namun, hal ini belum dapat diwujudkan terutama bagi tunawisma dan PenyandangMasalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis upaya Pemerintah Kota Samarinda mengatasi isu backlog untuk memenuhi hak atas perumahan layak bagi PMKS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif yuridis dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan pendekatan sosiologis hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemenuhan hak atas perumahan yang layak di Kota Samarinda belum terpenuhi dan menjadi isu krusial dalam upaya mitigasi penyebaran Covid-19. Implikasi kebijakan masih berbenturan dengan kendala seperti ketersediaan lahan dan belum berorientasi pada pemerataan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan sinkronisasi pengaturan kebijakan dengan pemenuhan hak melalui konvensi HAM yang sudah diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Kota Samarinda terkait aspek ketersediaan, keterjangkauan dan keberlanjutan
Evaluasi Kebijakan Cap Elektronik Keimigrasian, Data Biometrik, dan Mesin Autogate Dalam Konsep Geopolitik
Get PDFImmigration Border Control (TPI) at Bali Ngurah Rai Airport adopts electronic entry sticker, biometric data collection, and autogate machines called the Immigration Movement Application System (APK). The system is equipped with a scanner that records facial biometric data and fingerprints of foreigners upon arrival. However, there are problems in implementing this system at the related TPI. This study evaluates immigration inspection policies, especially the process of taking biometric data, giving electronic entry stamps, and autogate machines at TPI Ngurah Rai Airport. This research uses qualitative research method with a public policy evaluation approach based on observations and document analysis. The results of this research show that the concept of biometric border control at TPI is not fully relevant to the concepts in the international provisions of ICAO Doc 9303 and ICAO TRIP Guide 2018. The Ministerial Regulation Number 28 of 2018Â on Immigration Stamp and Circular Letter No. IMI.1-UM.01.01-5.7755 needs to be evaluated and revised to include four stages of checking with electronic stamps and system synchronization with autogate machines. This immigration clearance model at TPI applies a geopolitical concept that focuses on territorial/regional borders rather than a biopolitical concept that focuses on security risks for individuals.Pemeriksaan keimigrasian di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi (TPI) Bandara Ngurah Rai Bali menerapkan cap elektronik berupa stiker, pemindaian data biometrik, dan mesin autogate. Sistem Aplikasi Perlintasan Keimigrasian (APK) ini dilengkapi alat pemindai biometrik untuk merekam data biometrik wajah dan sidik jari orang asing pada saat kedatangan. Namun, terdapat persoalan dalam implementasi pemeriksaan keimigrasian dengan data biometrik, cap elektronik, dan mesin autogate di TPI tersebut. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kebijakan pemeriksaan keimigrasian secara spesifik terhadap pengambilan data biometrik, pemberian cap keimigrasian elektronik, serta mesin autogate di TPI Bandara Ngurah Rai. Riset ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan evaluasi kebijakan publik dengan observasi lapangan dan studi dokumen. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa konsep pemeriksaan perbatasan biometrik (biometric border control) belum seluruhnya selaras dengan konsep pada ketentuan internasional ICAO Doc 9303 dan ICAO TRIP Guide 2018. Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM No. 28 Tahun 2018 tentang Cap Keimigrasian serta Surat Edaran No. IMI.1-UM.01.01-5.7755 perlu dievaluasi dan direvisi untuk memuat empat tahap pemeriksaan dengan cap elektronik serta sinkronisasi kesisteman dengan mesin autogate. Model pemeriksaan keimigrasian di TPI ini menerapkan konsep geopolitik yang berfokus pada perbatasan teritorial/wilayah bukan konsep biopolitik yang berfokus pada risiko keamanan di setiap individu
Keadilan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Aksi Kamisan di Indonesia
Get PDFThe study aims to analyze “Thursday’s struggle for action†in seeking justice for human rights. This research is a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Techniques used to collect data uses observations, interviews, and searches of documents and archives. The subject of this study is a “Thursday Action†and determination of the study subject using Purposive. This study shows the struggle of the victims’ families who never get tired, showing their longing related to the clarity provided by the government. Komnas HAM has recommended that there have been human rights violations against various cases of disappearances and acts of violence. There are indications that the perpetrators of human rights violations are not ordinary people. The state’s commitment to resolving cases of human rights violations is a key variable in resolving stalled cases in the Attorney General’s Office.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perjuangan aksi kamisan dalam mencari keadilan terhadap hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data menggunakan observasi (pengamatan), wawancara, dan penelusuran dokumen serta arsip. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan Aksi Kamisan dan penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan Purposive. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan perjuangan para keluarga korban yang tidak pernah lelah, menunjukan kerinduan mereka berkaitan dengan kejelasan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Komnas HAM telah merekomendasikan bahwa telah terjadi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap berbagai kasus penghilangan orang dan tindak kekerasan. Ada indikasi bahwa pelaku pelanggaran hak asasi manusia merupakan bukan orang biasa. Komitmen negara untuk menyelesaikan kasus pelanggaran hak asasi manusia merupakan variabel kunci dalam menuntaskan kasus yang macet di Kejaksaan Agung
The Importance of Using Electronic Deeds to Facilitate The Service and Storage of Notary Archives
Get PDFThe rapid progress of the development of information technology has made many changes in human life on earth. Work and activities that used to be done manually are now shifting to using a technological approach. This has been applied in assisting tasks in government and business such as banking, and trading in cyberspace. The rapid advancement of technology in this age of informatics that can provide speed, accuracy, and certainty is a solution to solving various problems and at the same time providing benefits for its users. Notarial deeds play a very important role in facilitating business transactions in the form of trade contracts or other deeds in banking. But unfortunately, in the midst of the advancement of information technology, it turns out that the notarial deed currently does not support the rapid progress of the technology. The question is whether it important to make an electronic deed in carrying out the duties of a notary. The research method used in this paper is a normative juridical method because the results of legal research on electronic deeds that have been carried out so far are still in the form of literatureÂ
Ar-B (Augmented Reality and Brille) Module Innovation of Learning Media in the Fulfillment of Human Rights Field of Education for Visually Impaired Person
Get PDFThe development of the Ar-B (Augmented Reality and Braille) TikTok-based Learning Media Innovation in Indonesia addresses a critical human rights issue especially on ensuring equal access to education for individuals with disabilities, particularly those with visual impairments. Despite there being over 3 million visually impaired individuals in Indonesia, only a fraction of media content is accessible to them. This stark inequality violates the fundamental human rights principles of non-discrimination and equal access to education, as outlined in international agreements such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when traditional educational avenues were disrupted, 99% of students turned to social media for learning, highlighting the urgency to make digital platforms inclusive. TikTok emerged as a predominant medium, with a significant proportion of students using it extensively. The Ar-B innovation leverages technology to bridge this accessibility gap by integrating Augmented Reality and Braille, thus enabling both visually impaired and non-impaired students to access educational content effectively on TikTok. Through the Research and Development (R&D) process and rigorous validation, the Ar-B Module has demonstrated a 92% validity rate and shown to enhance student learning outcomes. By ensuring that educational tools are inclusive and accessible, this innovation not only supports the educational rights of disabled individuals but also contributes to broader human rights goals of equity and inclusivity in education. It exemplifies Indonesia's commitment to fulfilling its obligations under international human rights frameworks by promoting inclusive education through innovative technological solutions.In Indonesia alone there are 3 million more people with visual impairments and there are only 10% of media available, and during the covid19 pandemic 99% of students actively use social media during the pandemic especially social media Tiktok which is about 78% of students using Tiktok longer. Even Tiktok’s social media users are increasing by around 14.3 million per month. Seeing these problems, the researchers made a new innovation, namely the Ar-B (Augmented Reality and Braille) Tiktok-based Learning Media Innovation which is used for normal and visually impaired students in an effort to fulfill human rights in the field of education for the community. with disabilities. This research uses the R&D type with the Borg and Gall development model. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, questionnaires, literature studies, documentation and trials and then analyzed using media expert validation analysis techniques, material expert validation analysis techniques and trial analysis techniques. The specific purpose of making this media is to find out whether the Ar-B Module is valid to use and how the student learning outcomes after using this module. The results of this study indicate that the module Ar-B has a validity level of 92% and can improve student learning outcome
Perlindungan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia dalam memperoleh Hak Atas Tanah di Indonesia
Get PDFAll living things philosophically need the land, especially humans. Human need land to maintain their lives. Based on it, the protection of human rights in obtaining land rights is essential as well as in defending their land rights. Defending the land means preserving life. The research problem in this paper is how the legal protection of human rights in obtaining land rights in Indonesia? This paper aims to learn about legal protection for human rights in obtaining land rights in Indonesia. Therefore, to maintain and ensure legal protection of human rights in obtaining land rights in Indonesia, it has been regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and then regulated explicitly in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Regulations about Basic Agrarian Fundamentals. However, it still has weaknesses in the legal protection of human rights in obtaining land rights in Indonesia. So, it can be concluded that the legal protection of human rights in obtaining land rights in Indonesia still has weaknesses. Therefore, the government and the DPR RI are supposed to immediately revise Law Number 5 of 1960 about Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles.Tanah secara filosofis dibutuhkan oleh semua makhluk hidup terutama manusia sangat membutuhkan tanah dalammempertahankan kehidupannya bahkan sampaimeninggal dunia, perlindungan hak asasimanusia dalam memperoleh hak atas tanah sangat diperlukan begitu juga dalam mempertahankan hak atas tanahnya tersebut. Mempertahankan tanah berarti mempertahankan hidup dan kehidupannya. Maka yang menjadi permasalahan dalam tulisan ini bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia dalam memperoleh hak atas tanah di Indonesia. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai perlindingan hukum terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam memperoleh hak atas tanah di Indonesia. Untuk menjaga dan menjamin perlindungan hukum terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam memperoleh hak atas tanah di Indonesia sudah diatur di dalam Konstitusi atau Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 kemudian diatur secara khusus dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar-Dasar Pokok Agraria. Akan tetapi masih memiliki kelemahan-kelemahan dalam perlindungan hukum terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam memperoleh hak atas tanah di Indonesia. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam memperoleh hak atas tanah di Indonesia masih memiliki kelemahan-kelemahan. Pemerintah dan DPR RI segera melakukan revisi terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria
The Role of Community Counselor in Handling Child Clients in Class I Correctional Center of Medan
Get PDFThe existence of laws against children must be considered and must be led to be more responsible for themselves, because children are different from adults. Children are teenagers, human resources, and have the potential to continue the life of the nation and state. The child client is then guided to improve himself and his behavior in the existing reality, with the aim of changing his lifestyle, and assisted in behavioral restructuring, especially for clients with severe personality problems that take a long time to resolve. In other words, probation officers can educate a child client about the rejections they will face when receiving changes or feedback from others, while encouraging them to motivate themselves, accept their situation, and change what the child client is going through. Â Another important thing that must be done in dealing with child client is to involve the family of the child to participate in the process of handling the child who violates the law
Effectiveness of Social Work Sanction as a Substitute for Imprisonment in The Perspective of Sentencing Purposes
Get PDFABSTRACTImprisonment is a criminal sanction that eliminates the freedom of perpetrators with the aim of providing a deterrent effect so as not to commit criminal acts and improve behavior in order to become better human beings. In this study, problems were formulated regarding the effectiveness of social work sanctions as a substitute for imprisonment from the perspective of sentencing purposes. This study uses a normative juridical approach, with descriptive-analytical research specifications. The data used are primary data obtained through an analytical study of applicable laws, followed by concepts that have been carried out, and secondary data obtained through literature studies (references from various countries that have imposed social work sanctions), which are then analyzed utilizing a comparison between primary and secondary data qualitatively. From the study results the issue regarding the effectiveness of social work sanction as a substitute for imprisonment focuses on changing the behavior of the convict in reducing the level of crime in society and the effectiveness of social work punishment for criminals associated with the purpose of sentencing, it is used as an alternative for sentencing that is in line with the purpose of sentencing itself