e-Journal Balitbangkumham (Balitbang Hukum Dan Ham)
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Reintegrasi Ekonomi sebagai Konsep Pembaharuan Hukum Pemasyarakatan Indonesia
Get PDFEconomic Reintegration as A Concept Of Indonesia Correctional Law Reform Correctional has become an integral subsystem of the integrated criminal justice system organized by the government as part of the law enforcement process in the context of service, coaching and guidance that will lead to social reintegration. However, until now, there is no consensus on the most effective pattern in helping social reintegration in reducing recidivism rates. Occupation and recidivism rates have a cybernetic relationship, this can be seen in several studies. Therefore, it is necessary to have the proper concept of correctional law reform in terms of concepts and goals that were previously only oriented toward social reintegration into social and economic reintegration. This economic reintegration can be realized through an economical correctional law system, which is in terms of legal substance, that constructing correctional law provisions based on legal and economic principles, in terms of legal structure, that is adding vocational education programs and work internships in coaching and guidance in self-reliance, optimizing the role of cooperatives, MSMEs, and correctional care community groups.Pemasyarakatan sudah menjadi subsistem yang terpisahkan dari sistem peradilan pidana terpadu yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah sebagai bagian dari proses penegakan hukum dalam rangka pelayanan, pembinaan dan pembimbingan yang akan berujung kepada reintegrasi sosial. Namun, sampai saat ini, belum ada konsesus mengenai  pattern yang paling efektif dalam membantu reintegrasi sosial dalam mengurangi tingkat residivis. Pekerjaan dan tingkat residivis memiliki hubungan sibernetik, hal tersebut dapat dilihat beberapa riset. Oleh kareina itu, diperlukan konsep pembaharuan hukum pemasyarakatan yang tepat dari segi konsep dan tujuan yang sebelumnya hanya berorientasi pada reintegrasi sosial menjadi reintegrasi sosial dan eikonomi. Reintegrasi ekonomi tersebut dapat diwujudkan melalui sistem hukum pemasyarakatan yang ekonomis yaitu dari segi substansi hukum yakni mengkonstruksi ketentuan-ketentuan hukum pemasyarakatan yang berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip hukum dan ekonomi, dari segi struktur hukum yakni menambahkan program pendidikan kejuruan dan  magang kerja dalam pembinaan kemandirian dan pembimbingan kemandirian, mengoptimalisasikan peran koperasi, UMKM dan kelompok masyarakat peduli pemasyarakatan
Aksi Kewargaan Membela Hak Ekologi Warga Trenggalek: Analisis Ideologis, Lingkungan, dan Teologis
Get PDFThe background of this research aims to publish two reasons. First, to show a new perspective of common opinion about the social movement that is based on the class struggle. In this research, the environmental movement is run by the ecological ideology, spirituality, and theology motives. Second, the protests to reject the mining exploitation agenda are not to fight the state nor hinder the development agenda. However, these are the acts of citizenship as a part of participation in a democratic country. Based on the two points above, the research adapts two concepts those are the acts of citizenship from Engin Isin and humanistic Islam from Anna Gade. The data mining process uses ethnographic or observational participatory method that has done in the field of movement as become part of them. The discussion divides the actors of movement into three categories, two of them are Islamic-based organization and the left one is Javanese spiritual group. Each of them works on their own way to defend the ecological rights, but they all have the similar objectives of movement that is ecological sustainability. To develop the study of human rights movement in Indonesia, the approach of ethnography study needs to be deepened and doubled so that the local perspective about their own construction about rights could be mapped.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dan bertujuan atas dua hal. Pertama, menunjukkan hal baru dari pandangan umum yang menganggap bahwa gerakan-gerakan menolak pembangunan pemerintah hanya dilandasi alasan ekonomi daripada ideologi lingkungan, spiritualitas, dan teologi. Kedua, aksi-aksi protes ini bukan untuk melawan negara dan menghambat rencana pembangunan, tetapi ini merupakan aksi kewargaan dalam sistem demokrasi. Berdasarkan dua poin di atas, penelitian ini meminjam konsep aksi kewargaan dari Engin Isin dan humanisme Islam dari Anna Gade. Pengambilan datanya dilakukan memakai metode observasi partisipatif dengan terjun langsung menjadi bagian dari anggota gerakan lingkungan. Pembahasan dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan membedah dua organisasi Islam dan satu kelompok spiritual sebagai pelaku dari aksi kewargaan. Masing-masing dari ketiganya menunjukkan cara perjuangan hak lingkungan yang berbeda namun punya tujuan serupa bagi keberlanjutan ekologi. Pembacaan gerakan perjuangan hak asasi manusia menggunakan pendekatan etnografis perlu diperdalam dan diperbanyak supaya perspektif lokal dapat muncul ke permukaan
Legalization of Public Documents Through Apostille: A Legal Reform in Public Services
Get PDFIndonesia is a country that has the objective of ensuring the welfare of its citizens. One effective way to achieve prosperity for its citizens is by implementing excellent public services, especially when it comes to the fulfillment of rights concerning the legalization of public documents. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze the application of the Apostille convention in the legalization of public documents, and to investigate the changes in the law of public services related to the legalization of documents after the Apostille enactment. This legal study is categorized as a type of doctrinal analysis. Specifically, it is descriptive and analytical. Juridical and theoretical foundations were used for data analysis and the theoretical basis employed was the Theory of Legal Reform. The finding is consistent with the principles of the Legal Reform Theory. Legalization of public documents has undergone legal reform because legalization of public documents can be done online and in a short time. This shows that law, as a means of reform, has been realized because it has met the needs of society for the public. Despite the enhancement of public services, several aspects require careful consideration and improvement. This includes establishing effective cooperation with the Regional Office of Law and Human Rights, which acted as a liaison for Apostille services at the regional level. Additionally, the Regional Office of Law and Human Rights assume a pivotal role in overseeing the printing of certificates to ensure accessibility for the public
Principle of Horizontal Separation in Registration of the Former Western Rights Land as the Object of Afwezigheid
Get PDFThe Job Creation Law affects some policy changes in agrarian sector. For instance, the promulgation of Government Regulation No 18 of 2021 (GR 18/2021) regulates that former western rights land are adjusted to state land. However, some former western rights land have not been converted until now. It results in legal uncertainty over the land status, especially land or building juridically belong to the person declared absent (afwezigheid) yet owned by legal subjects. This study aims to analyze the land rights registration of former western rights land after the Job Creation Law. Besides, it analyzes the implementation of horizontal separation principle in the land rights registration of former western rights land and buildings, that are the object of afwezigheid. This study is legal research applying statute, historical and conceptual approaches. Based on the study, people who possessed former western rights land are the main priority in applying for land rights regarding to GR 18/2021 article95. Meanwhile, those who only occupy the land and building have to get afwezigheid court decision of the former western rights land owner. Afterwards, they follow the object buying process with the principle of horizontal separation through Probate Office and submit land rights application at the land registry office
Legal Protection of Kid Influencers from Child Exploitation
Get PDFAdvances in information technology and improvements to internet network infrastructure make it easier for everyone to work and obtain information. There has been an adaptation of marketing techniques using influencer marketing, so the influencer profession is known. Unfortunately, to get marketing targets aimed at children, kid influencer services are a form of influencer marketing. Children are considered unable to make decisions about themselves. The roles of various parties are needed so that kid influencers can avoid acts of exploitation because the use or direction of children’s energy as kid influencers sacrifices children’s development both emotionally and physically. This article is to find out the fulfillment of children’s rights so that they can live, grow, develop, and participate optimally by human dignity and protection from violence and discrimination. This article uses a normative juridical approach, analyzed qualitatively. Based on literature study regarding legal protection, Indonesia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child with the Presidential Decree Number 36 of 1990 concerning Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; Amendment to the 1945 Constitution by including Article 28B Paragraph (2); and Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. It is hoped that all related parties will prioritize programs that protect children from exploitation in the implementation of all Child Protection instruments
Upaya Perlindungan Anak terhadap Perkara Hadhanah
Get PDFThe hadhanah often lead to problems regarding law enforcement and the protection of children. The hadhanah case after being decided by the judge turned out to have no executive power when hadhin or hadhinah who had the obligationand responsibility to fulfill hadhanah financing could not implement it. This study aims to determine the efforts that can be made to protect children, especially against hadhanah problems from the perspective of Law Number 35 of 2014. The nature of this research is descriptive and the type of research is normative juridical, with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. Data collection was done by conducting literacy studies, and analyzing qualitatively. The results of the study found a form of legal protection for children as the executorial power against hadhanah case decision based on Law Number 35 of 2014.Problematika hadhanah banyak berujung kepada masalah tentang penegakan hukum dan perlindungan terhadap anak. Perkara hadhanah setelah diputuskan oleh hakim ternyata tidak mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial di mana saat hadhin atau hadhinah yang mempunyai beban dan tanggung jawab untuk memenuhi pembiayaan hadhanah tidak dapat melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk melindungi anak khususnya terhadap masalah hadhanah dalam perspektif UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014. Sifat penelitian ini deskriptif dan jenis penelitiannya yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute appoach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach). Pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan studi literasi, dan penganalisisan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai kekuatan eksekutorial dari putusan perkara hadhanah dalam Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014
Discontinuation of Corruption Investigation and Prosecution: A Comparison of Indonesia, The Netherlands, and Hong Kong
Get PDFThe discontinuation of the investigation and prosecution of corruption crimes is one of the important substances of the amendment to Law No. 19 of 2019 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission which then led to debates both among academicians and legal practitioners. The discourse focused on the essence and concerns of transactional practices in the process of law enforcement for corruption crimes in the future. By using the legal comparative method, this paper tries to compare the provisions regarding the discontinuation of the investigation and prosecution of corruption crimes in Indonesia, Hong Kong, and the Netherlands. The results of the study show that the provisions regarding the discontinuation of the investigation and prosecution of corruption crimes in the three countries have differences in their arrangements. Normatively, Indonesia and the Netherlands regulate this matter in several articles, while for Hong Kong, although they do not regulate it in an expressis verbis manner in the law, the provisions concerning the discontinuation of investigations and prosecutions of corruption crimes are known in their law enforcement practices as seen in the case handling scheme published by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). However, the use of the mechanism for terminating the investigation and prosecution of corruption crimes can be seen as a balancing mechanism against the legal process. Regulations regarding the discontinuation of investigations in corruption crimes must be maintained as a control mechanism against the possibility of errors in law enforcement procedures or for other technical reasons
The Idea of a Single Term of Office of the President and Vice President in Indonesia
Get PDFLimiting the term of office of the head of government is an important prerequisite for realizing a democratic state life. In Indonesia, these restrictions are imposed on the President and Vice President with a term of office of 5 years and after that, they can be re-elected only for 1 term of office. Using the normative juridical method, this study shows that this choice has become a source of debate in other parts of the world, and several presidential countries have chosen different models of restrictions. In Indonesia, it has been revealed that this choice is not based on a deep conceptual debate and empirically has threatened the continuity of a principled election. As a solution, this study offers the application of the concept of a single term of office for the President and Vice President in Indonesia. This research also enriches the study of state administration in the theme of structuring the presidential system
Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Federal Jerman dalam Perlindungan Hak Fundamental Warga Negara berdasarkan Kewenangan Pengaduan Konstitusional
Get PDFThe research focuses on the role of the constitutional complaint authority of the German Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht/ BVerfG). The research question is how do BVerfG’s system and role protect citizens’ fundamental rights? The research aims to know the system (urgency, regulations) and the role/ performance of BVerfG in carrying out its authority. This research is normative legal research with regulation and case approach. The results show that BVerfG has received 240,251 (98%) cases from 1951 - 2020 (6,000 cases per year), with a successful application rate of approximately 2% of the total decisions. This paper discusses three cases regarding the decision-related global supervision, the prohibition of wearing the hijab in a legal traineeship, and the case of the European Central Bank/ECB’s asset purchase program. BVerfG shows that there is the best role in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens from court decisions that violate fundamental rights. The best practices of the BVerfG are recognition and reference in arranging the Constitutional Court in other countries from the Continental European and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. For Indonesia, it becomes a reference in adding the constitutional complaint authority to the Indonesian Constitutional Court in the future.Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peran pengaduan konstitusional Mahkamah Konstitusi Jerman (Bundesverfassungsgericht/ BVerfG). Pertanyaan penelitiannya adalah bagaimana sistem dan peran BVerfG dalam memberikan perlindungan hak fundamental warga negara? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sistem (urgensi, pengaturan) dan peran/ kinerja BverfG dalam menjalankan kewenangannya secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang- undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BVerfG telah menerima 240.251 (98%) kasus pengaduan konstitusional sejak tahun 1951 – 2020 (6.000 kasus per tahun), dengan tingkat keberhasilan (putusan dikabulkan) sekitar kurang lebih 2% dari total putusan. Berdasarkan tiga kasus yang dianalisis yaitu putusan terkait pengawasan global, larangan pemakaian jilbab dalam legal traineeship, dan kasus the European Central Bank/ ECB’s asset purchase program menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2020, BVerfG melaksanakan peran yang baik dalam perlindungan hak fundamental warga negara dari putusan pegadilan yang melangar hak fundamental. Selain itu, peran yang baik juga dibuktikan dengan pengakuan negara lain yang menjadikannya sebagai rujukan dalam menata praktek Mahkamah Konstitusi di negaranya, baik yang menganut sistem hukum Eropa Kontinental maupun Anglo-Saxon. Bagi Indonesia, tentu menjadi referensi dalam penambahan kewenangan pengaduan konstitusional bagi Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia ke depan
Urgency of The Position of District Election Supervisory Body in The Resolution of Disputes Between Participants in The Regional Head Election in Indonesia
Get PDFThe ad hoc position of the District Election supervisory body will have an impact on actions to carry out the functions and duties of the District Election supervisory body during the election of regional heads. This study aims to determine the urgency of the position of the District Election supervisory body in the formation of effective supervision in the Pilkada and to find out the Mechanism of Dispute Resolution between Election Participants by the District Election supervisory body in the election of regional heads. This study uses a normative juridical research method, with secondary data and a conceptual approach. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The result of the first study is that the decision of the Election supervisory body an ad hoc institution is binding but still limited and not final because the aggrieved party can file a lawsuit to the State Administrative High Court. The mechanism for resolving disputes between participants in the Pilkada organizers by the District Election supervisory body is regulated technically through Election supervisory body Number 2 of 2020. Disputes between participants are carried out on the principle of the quick and simple, same-day to achieve legal certainty and benefit in regional head elections