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An explicit derived McKay correspondence for some complex reflection groups of rank two
Get PDFIn this paper, we explore the derived McKay correspondence for several reflection groups, namely reflection groups of rank two generated by reflections of order two. We prove that for each of the reflection groups G = G ( 2 m , m , 2 ) , G 12 , G 13 , or G 22 , there is a semiorthogonal decomposition of the following form, where B 1 , … , B r are the normalizations of the irreducible components of the branch divisor C 2 → C 2 / G and E 1 , … , E n are exceptional objects: D G ( C 2 ) ≅ 〈 E 1 , … , E n , D ( B 1 ) , … , D ( B r ) , D ( C 2 / G ) 〉 . We verify that the pieces of this decomposition correspond to the irreducible representations of G, verifying the Orbifold Semiorthogonal Decomposition Conjecture of Polishchuk and Van den Bergh. Due to work of Potter on the group G ( m , m , 2 ) , this conjecture is now proven for all finite groups G ≤ GL ( 2 , C ) that are generated by order 2 reflections. Each of these groups contains, as a subgroup of index 2, a distinct finite group H ≤ SL ( 2 , C ) . A key part of our work is an explicit computation of the action of G / H on the H-Hilbert scheme H -Hilb ( C 2 )
Electromagnetic moments of ground and excited states calculated in heavy odd- open-shell nuclei
Get PDFWithin nuclear DFT, we calculated spectroscopic magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments for various quasiparticle configurations of odd-N, even-Z, 83<=N<=125 nuclei ranging from gadolinium to osmium. By tagging the blocked quasiparticles with single-particle states of the semi-magic dysprosium isotope, we efficiently computed 22 prolate and 22 oblate states for each of the 154 nuclei and tracked them across the entire major neutron shell. We compared this extensive set of theoretical results with experimental data for 82 states in the region. Breaking rotational, time-reversal, and signature symmetries, we aligned the intrinsic angular momenta along the axis of axial symmetry, thereby enabling full shape- and spin-self-consistent polarizations. The spectroscopic moments were then obtained by restoring rotational symmetry. We conducted a detailed analysis of the pattern of agreement and disagreement between theory and experiment in individual nuclei. For the magnetic dipole moments, agreement with the data varies and is characterized by an overall average and RMS deviation of 0.11 \mu_N and 0.35 \mu_N, respectively. For the electric quadrupole moments, a good corresponding agreement of 0.16 b and 0.29 b was observe
Navigating the global regulatory chain:the role of the state in frontier technology sectors
Get PDFAs the crux of the global economy shifts from capital-intensive to technologydriven industries, debate continues over the state’s role in frontier technology sectors. Studies emphasize the importance of state support for domestic R&D, but in frontier technology sectors, even when firms innovate, they may struggle to reach the market if they fail to navigate regulatory barriers across various stages of the value chain. Thus, we must reconsider the relationship between upgrading and commercialization, examining how regulation affecting various links in the chain can either constrain competitiveness or, in some cases, create opportunities for late developers. Focusing upon the South Korean pharmaceuticals industry, this article argues that one crucial way the state can support domestic firms today is to pursue a strategy of regulatory upgrading, helping firms navigate what I term the global regulatory chain, which spans national borders and impacts all stages of the production process and market entry
Design Principles for Human-Centred Explainable AI:A Scoping Review
Get PDFThe field of Human-Centred Explainable AI (HCXAI) has been rapidly expanding. In turn, there has been an increase in the number of papers suggesting design principles for HCXAI. However, it is unclear the extent to which design requirements overlap between papers, and in turn what the field overall considers to be HCXAI design requirements. To overcome this, this study analysed the state of the field via a scoping review of papers suggesting HCXAI design requirements, and a Content Analysis of the extracted principles. A total of 330 design principles were identified from 35 papers, which were subsequently categorised into 43 codes and grouped into 4 main areas of focus. Based on these findings, we propose a definition of HCXAI which identifies HCXAI as a design process rather than an XAI technique. Finally, an overview of the current state of HCXAI is presented, as well as areas where further research is required
Doughnut economics, degrowth and decoloniality. New directions for the Doughnut Portrait method
Get PDFTransformative action is required to respond to the polycrisis of our age, across climate/ecological breakdown and mounting social inequalities. Doughnut economics and its “Portrait of Place” method have established themselves as tools for exploring local change through new possibilities that can help in this response. This position paper, based on a selective review of existing doughnut place portraits, examines how degrowth and decolonial approaches are intuitively part of the Doughnut model, conceptually and practically, and how they open up further opportunities to highlight what transformation looks like in the face of the global polycrisis. Exploring each of the four lenses of the Doughnut portrait method in turn (global-ecological, local-ecological, global-social, local-social), we critically explore and detail what these opportunities might be. While we found limited actual application of these ideas within existing Doughnut portraits, we recommend areas for further inquiry to enhance Doughnut portraits through degrowth and decolonial approaches. Specifically, these include paying more attention to assessing a wellbeing economy and provisioning systems, multi-species relations and the democratic rights and legal personhood of nature, the global impacts of supply chain activity from local consumption, and excess and uneven consumption and resource use and their impacts on critical planetary boundaries. We conclude by highlighting what could be the most lasting contribution of degrowth and decolonial approaches for the Doughnut model – to clarify, extend and embed debates and action in terms of what the economy could be beyond the dominant growth and colonial mindset
The fronto-temporal cortex has increased subcortical connectivity in utero and plasticity in adulthood
Get PDFThe adult cerebral cortex is a heterogenous structure with prominent functional differences between regions. However, less is known about how different regions acquire and maintain their functionality. Here, we leveraged connectomes and brain transcriptomes from human foetal and adult brains of both sexes to investigate early and late differences between cortical regions. We show that at 24 post-gestational weeks fronto-temporal regions are disproportionally connected to subcortical regions, highlighting their role in early integrative cortical-subcortical communication. In adulthood, fronto-temporal cortex has lower myelin content and exhibits lower expression of marker genes of perineuronal nets, while showing higher expression of undifferentiated progenitor cells markers. These results suggest that in the adult brain the function of fronto-temporal regions reflects a heightened state of plasticity, possibly to maximise flexible neural responses. In contrast, the function of parietal and occipital regions aligns with decreased plasticity needed to support stable neural dynamics. Linking physiology to pathology, we show that the greater plasticity of the fronto-temporal cortex is coupled to higher oncogenic vulnerability - frontal and temporal regions have greater incidence of gliomas and express higher levels of genes upregulated in glioma even in the absence of malignancy, suggesting a greater glioma-like normative expression state. Together, these findings highlight the divergent patterns of connectivity in utero, and plasticity in adulthood between cortical regions and provide a framework in which functional differences across cortical regions reflect differences in connectivity and plasticity.
Significance statement Here we leveraged foetal neuroimaging and adult brain transcriptomes to investigate early and late differences between cortical regions. We present new evidence that already at mid-prenatal development, the fronto-temporal lobes are disproportionally connected to subcortical regions, potentially reflecting an early route to their establishment as integrative cortical centres. In adulthood, the fronto-temporal cortex had increased plasticity of its connections and cellular state which was coupled to greater oncogenic vulnerability. The combination of increased early connectivity and long-term plasticity might serve to maximise flexible neural representations and support the domain-general function of fronto-temporal regions
Correction: The association between antihypertensive treatment and serious adverse events by age and frailty: A cohort study
Get PDFThe relationship between food insecurity and tobacco or alcohol use in Great Britain: a representative population-based survey
Get PDFIntroduction
Tobacco and alcohol use are linked to health disparities. In recent years, food insecurity, an indicator of disparities, has increased in Great Britain. This study examined the associations between food insecurity and tobacco or alcohol use.
Methods
Data were drawn from a representative cross-sectional study of people aged ≥16 years in Great Britain (N = 4,056), conducted in January‒February 2025. Food insecurity was measured with the 6-item Household Food Security Scale, divided into high/marginal, low, or very low food security. Logistic regression models with food insecurity (combining low and very low food insecurity) as the outcome and adjusted for age, gender, nation of residence, socioeconomic position, financial hardship and smoking or alcohol consumption (measured using AUDIT-C score), were used to derive odds ratios (ORadj).
Results
Overall, 7.9 % (95 % CI: 6.9, 8.9) reported low and 9.6 % (8.6, 10.7) very low food security. Smoking was associated with food insecurity (ORadj = 1.75; 95 % CI: 1.32, 2.31). People who abstained from alcohol were more likely to be food insecure compared with those who drank at increasing (AUDIT-C 5: ORadj = 0.62; 0.41, 0.93) or higher risks of harm (AUDIT-C 8: ORadj = 0.63; 0.40, 0.97); however, this relationship was moderated by psychological distress.
Conclusion
Food insecurity was associated with higher smoking prevalence. Among people experiencing distress, those abstaining from alcohol and at risk of dependence appeared more likely to experience food insecurity than those drinking at other levels. These findings suggest the need for interventions that offer support for smoking, alcohol and which address underlying stressors of food insecurity
Arctic-breeding black-legged kittiwakes show individual variation in foraging responses to glacial conditions without consequences for reproductive output
Get PDFBehavioural plasticity is likely to influence how individuals continue to access resources under rapid climate change. Plasticity will be particularly important at highly dynamic, prey-rich foraging areas such as upwelling fronts of marine-terminating glaciers in the high Arctic, where profitability varies significantly across space and time. Understanding individual variation in plasticity and its adaptive potential is crucial to understand a populations flexibility to future climate scenarios. By analysing GPS data from 186 black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the high Arctic over six years, we quantified individual variation in behavioural plasticity in use of glacial fronts and its relationship with the number of chicks produced. Variation in the relationship between glacial use and levels of discharged meltwater was primarily explained by differences in food availability between years. Whereas there was no significant relationship between discharge rates and glacier use in years of low zooplankton biomass, the probability of glacial front use and time spent at glaciers decreased in years when food was more abundant, despite high discharge and likely good conditions at the front. Interestingly, neither glacial use nor plasticity in foraging during the breeding season correlated with the number of surviving chicks, suggesting that all individuals still obtained enough food for reproduction. Understanding the complex nature of individual variation in plasticity and when it is likely to be adaptive will be the first step in highlighting when plasticity can be used to predict how species will respond to rapidly changing environments
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