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Simplifying mmWave transmission: a time modulated array at 73 GHz with beam steering and direct digital modulation of QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM to 128QAM
No full textWe describe a beam steering 73 GHz Time Modulated Array (TMA) system that provides direct digital vector symbol modulation onto a carrier. This concept removes the need for conventional RF modulator hardware in a TX RF chain and requires only a local oscillator source. Simple digital logic control waveforms are used to both steer the beam and apply symbol modulation. Lab demonstration results using a custom 73 GHz hardware prototype with QPSK, 8PSK, 16, 32, 64 and 128QAM constellations are presented. The measured Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) contribution from the TMA modulation process is an average of 3.0%. With modulation applied, a beam can be steered to circa ±10 degrees on the first harmonic beam, and ±27 degrees on the second harmonic beam. Timing based symbol predistortion to compensate higher-order constellation distortion is also demonstrated as beneficial, and viable in the TMA. We believe this is the first demonstration of a TMA steerable phased array at 73 GHz with data symbol vector modulation applied digitally, directly, by the TMA – offering a significant simplification for potential future mmWave transmitter architectures
Slippery slope thinking links religiosity to punishment
No full textMajor contemporary religions tend to emphasize self-control and moral purity in their believers. Such belief systems may have implications for moral judgments and social predictions. One topic that has received attention—with mixed results—is the relative punitiveness of religious believers. In the present research, we examine whether religiosity predicts punitive attitudes and propose a novel mechanism: slippery slope thinking, in which small changes are predicted to have potentially disastrous consequences. In eight samples across three nations and religious traditions, we find that greater religiosity is associated with greater slippery slope thinking. This association is related to psychological tendencies to believe in karma and moralize matters of self-control. Furthermore, we find that slippery slope thinking helps explain why more religious people are more punitive, especially for relatively minor transgressions. This research provides insight into the psychology of religious beliefs and provides a cognitive mechanism (slippery slope thinking) linking religiosity and punishment
INTERMEDIATE MODELS AND KINNA–WAGNER PRINCIPLES
Get PDFKinna–Wagner Principles state that every set can be mapped into
some fixed iterated power set of an ordinal, and we write KWP to denote that
there is some α for which this holds. The Kinna–Wagner Conjecture, formulated by the first author [Bull. Symb. Log., arXiv:2006.04514], states that if
V is a model of ZF + KWP and G is a V -generic filter, then whenever W is an
intermediate model of ZF, that is V ⊆ W ⊆ V [G], then W = V (x) for some x
if and only if W satisfies KWP. In this work we prove the conjecture and generalise it even further. We include a brief historical overview of Kinna–Wagner
Principles and new results about Kinna–Wagner Principles in the multiverse
of sets
Spatially resolved single-cell analysis of transcriptomic changes linked with neuropathic pain in human neuromas
No full textInjuries to the trigeminal nerve, responsible for sensory innervation to the face, may occur during routine dental procedures, resulting in the formation of a neuroma accompanied by loss of sensation and/or symptoms of pain. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the sensory changes, single nuclei RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were used to profile the transcriptional landscape at single cell resolution of human trigeminal nerves and neuromas. Cellular and transcriptional changes were identified that correlated with the presence of pain, including an expansion of endothelial cells with a proinflammatory phenotype and overexpression of HLA-A, CXCL2, and CXCL8. Interactome analysis highlighted signaling changes linked with the presence of pain. HLA-A protein expression was confirmed in neuromas and positively correlated with symptoms of pain. Our data provide a detailed spatial overview of the cell types that populate human peripheral trigeminal nerves, in health and injury, and their transcriptional profile. The comparison of painful and nonpainful samples highlights several changes in cellular composition, transcriptome and inferred molecular signaling linked specifically with the presence of pain, and also a novel role for HLA-A in neuropathic pain. Our findings represent a valuable resource for pain research, highlighting the role of inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, and chemokine signaling in neuropathic pain
Efficient network compression via gradient-score aware pruning
Get PDFConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated significant achievements in the field of computer vision, yet their high computational demands restrict practical applications. Current pruning methods seek to mitigate this issue, which however often rely on heuristic manual approaches, encountering challenges in maintaining both significant model compression and accuracy. To address the above issues, a fast neural architecture search pruning (FNP) technique is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an importance matrix (IM) based preprocessing stage efficiently removes redundant structures by considering both weight importance and computational complexity, providing a compact baseline for subsequent pruning. Secondly, we adapt fast genetic algorithms (FGA) to identify optimally pruned model configurations. Furthermore, to accelerate the search process, we utilize a zero-shot learning approach to estimate model performance with the score of the frame (SoF), which is a gradient-based score. Compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) pruning techniques, FNP demonstrates superior performance in terms of search duration and compression ratio. On the CIFAR-10 dataset, our method removes 95.24 % of the parameters in VGG-16 while achieving a 0.72 % accuracy improvement compared with the baseline. On the ImageNet dataset, we prune 68.98 % of the parameters in ResNet-50 and obtain a 1.2 % accuracy improvement compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches, while reducing the search time by 98.94 %. The code is available at https://github.com/aqiu1222/FNP.gi
Implications of genetic and epigenetic aberrations to the tumorigenicity of human pluripotent stem cells
Get PDFHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold immense promise for cell replacement therapies due to their capacity to give rise to derivatives of the three embryonic germ layers and their ability to divide indefinitely in culture. Since their first derivation less than 30 years ago, multiple hPSC-derived cell products are already in clinical trials for a range of pathologies. Nevertheless, hPSCs also possess an intrinsic tumorigenic potential and have been shown to acquire recurrent genetic and epigenetic aberrations strongly associated with cancer initiation and progression. These properties cast doubt on the safety of hPSCs and raise concerns regarding their use for transplantation. In this review, we summarize the different kinds of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities repeatedly observed in hPSCs, how they emerge, and their potential implications for the tumorigenicity of hPSC-based products. We also discuss shared and unique abnormalities found in hPSCs derived from different sources. Finally, we suggest possible methods for reducing the occurrence of these aberrations and managing their effects once they arise
Self‐catalyzed AlGaAs nanowires and AlGaAs/GaAs axial heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Get PDFSelf-catalyzed AlGaAs nanowires (NWs) offer advantageous properties, including lattice matching to GaAs, a wide range of electronic bandgaps, and monolithic integration with the mature Si platform due to elastic strain relaxation. However, the growth of self-catalyzed AlGaAs NWs is typically characterized by morphological challenges, such as branching and tapering. Here, we comprehensively investigate the optimization of the group III growth rate and V/III ratio. We demonstrate the growth of AlGaAs NWs using a Ga/Al alloy droplet as a co-catalyst, achieving minimal branching and NW uniformity with up to 40% nominal Al content. Embedding a single GaAs segment in an optimized NW structure results in QD-like properties, including strong spatially localized emission at room temperature. Our findings demonstrate the control of branching events in self-catalyzed AlGaAs NWs, highlighting their potential for applications including nanolasers and quantum light emitters
Long-term trends in central obesity in England: an age-period-cohort approach
Get PDFBackground: Central obesity measures, such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have previously outperformed body mass index (BMI) in predicting health risks. BMI has been shown to underdiagnose obesity in older adults.
Methods: We used data from the Health Survey for England (2005-2021) for 120,024 individuals aged 11-89 years, born in 1919-2008. High-risk classifications for WC, WHR, WHtR, and BMI were defined using established thresholds (World Health Organisation and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Age, period (changes over time), and cohort effects were assessed using logistic regression with grouped variables to address the identification problem inherent in age-period-cohort (APC) models.
Results: The prevalence of high-risk increased over time for all obesity measures. Central obesity measures showed a consistent linear increase with age until around 70 years of age. BMI exhibited an inverted U-shaped age trend. Obesity increased over time across all measures, while there was little evidence for a cohort effect. WHtR trends closely mirrored BMI at the population level but identified different high-risk individuals. The odds of high-risk WHtR increased with age, with odds ratios (OR) 4.91 (95% CI: 1.95 to 12.39) for females and 6.15 (95% CI: 2.24 to 16.89) for males by 85-89 years compared to 18-19 years. Period effects for WHtR showed ORs of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.72) for females and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.55) for males in 2019-2021 compared to 2005-2006.
Conclusions: Central obesity measures, particularly WHtR, could provide a more consistent reflection of age-related increases in obesity risk. The linear increase in high-risk with age for central obesity measures aligns better with known age-related increases in obesity-related comorbidities. Age plays a significant role in driving obesity trends meaning an aging population could leading to further increases in the prevalence of obesity
Global prevalence of self-reported non-coeliac gluten and wheat sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground
Non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) is characterised by gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms related to gluten or wheat ingestion in individuals without coeliac disease or wheat allergy.
Objective
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the global burden and clinical characteristics of self-reported NCGWS.
Design
We searched for studies evaluating the prevalence of self-reported NCGWS in the general population. Pooled prevalence estimates and odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis.
Results
Twenty-five studies comprising 49 476 participants from 16 countries were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of self-reported NCGWS was 10.3% (95% CI 7.0% to 14.0%), with marked variations between countries. Among individuals reporting NCGWS, 40% (95% CI 25.2% to 55.0%) adhered to a gluten-free diet. The most common symptoms were bloating (71.0%; 95% CI 62.8% to 79.1%), abdominal discomfort (46.0%; 95% CI 39.0% to 52.7%), abdominal pain (36.0%; 95% CI 28.6% to 43.2%) and fatigue (32.1%; 95% CI 25.3% to 39.0%). Self-reported NCGWS was significantly more common in females than in males (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.80 to 2.90; p<0.001). Individuals who self-reported NCGWS were significantly more likely to report anxiety (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.56 to 5.57; p<0.001), depression (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.80 to 3.24; p<0.001) and irritable bowel syndrome (OR 4.78; 95% CI 3.48 to 6.57; p<0.001) than controls.
Conclusion
Approximately one in 10 people worldwide self-report NCGWS, with a female predominance and a significant association with psychological distress and irritable bowel syndrome. Our findings suggest positioning NCGWS within the spectrum of disorders of gut–brain interaction once organic pathologies have been excluded
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