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A narrative review of childhood neglect and its association with eating disorders
No full textChildhood neglect’s intricate relationship with eating disorders (EDs) is a topic of growing significance. This review consolidates findings from 16 studies of varying designs to investigate the relationship between neglect and ED development. This narrative review explored the differential impacts of neglect types on distinct types of EDs. A literature search was conducted on Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), in relation to physical neglect (PN) and emotional neglect (EN). Sixteen papers met inclusion criteria and were included in this narrative review. Bias and quality were assessed using the Quality Assurance Checklist. Findings suggested that AN was associated most frequently with PN, affecting women more profoundly. This relationship may stem from PN’s role in early deprivation and malnourishment, commonly associated with AN. EN, on the other hand, was more frequently associated with BN. Studies suggested that EN contributes to the development of BN via processes that contribute to emotional dysregulation. Findings relating to BED were more complex, with both PN and EN influencing various cases. Some studies indicated that food addiction, primarily associated with PN, may result from neglectful parenting, leading to emotional eating. Conversely, EN emerged as a significant factor among clinically obese (according to BMI standards) BED patients, affecting their ability to manage emotions. Limitations amongst studies relating to BED included focusing on a subset of clinically obese/bariatric patients and poor tracking of subjects for longitudinal studies. Future research avenues should focus on causality, factors exacerbating these relationships, and the effectiveness of different therapeutic interventions. There is a need for comprehensive research, especially among natal males, to unveil the complex dynamics between childhood neglect and EDs. A clearer understanding of these relationships can empower stakeholders and clinicians to formulate effective prevention and intervention strategies, ultimately improving the well-being of individuals with EDs
Customer incivility, person-organization fit and psychological well-being in healthcare: Does ethical leadership matter?
Get PDFPurpose
Drawing on expectancy violations theory (EVT), this study aims to identify a linking mechanism and a boundary condition of the association between customer incivility (CI) and employees’ psychological well-being in healthcare organizations. Specifically, the study examines the mediating role of person-organization (PO) fit on the CI-psychological well-being link and the moderating role of ethical leadership on this mediated relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
Time-lagged data were collected from 345 nurses working under 33 supervisors in a district-level public hospital in Malaysia, and generalized multilevel structural equation modeling in STATA was used to test the proposed moderated mediation model.
Findings
The results showed that CI impaired nurses’ psychological well-being by reducing their sense of fit with the organization. Moreover, when ethical leadership was high, this negative relationship between CI and well-being via PO fit disappeared.
Practical implications
Given the negative effect of CI on nurses’ PO fit and psychological well-being, healthcare organizations need to take proactive steps to reduce the occurrence of incivility and protect employees. Nurturing ethical leadership could also be beneficial and will help satisfy employees’ expectations about organizational care and dignity at work. This, in turn, will restore employees’ sense of congruence with their organizations and promote well-being.
Originality/value
The study introduces EVT as a new lens to analyze the association between CI and well-being. It also extends the CI literature by establishing PO fit as a linking mechanism of the CI-well-being association. Additionally, by identifying the role ethical leaders can play in reducing the negative effects of CI, the study addresses calls for research on the moderators that attenuate the harmful effects of CI on employee well-being
The dark arts of crypto laundering and the nigerian financial ecosystem: Examining regulatory perspectives of virtual assets and virtual asset providers in mitigating money laundering risks in Nigeria
Get PDFThe last five years have seen immense growth in the Nigerian financial services sphere, particularly with the introduction of innovative ways to make, trade and exchange money in a largely unregulated sphere. One of such developments is virtual assets which has opened up a lot of doors in the world of FinTech and attracted the attention of financial industry regulators. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other financial regulatory agencies seem to however waiver in their governance systems of virtual assets, oscillating between an implied soft ban through various circulars in 2021 on one hand and a desire to critically understand the operations of virtual assets within the ambit of the Securities and Exchange Commission rules in 2022. However, within this timeframe, various cryptocurrency trading platforms quickly found ways to illegally circumvent and allow users to continue trading, regardless of the implied ban, taking advantage of financial agencies' lackadaisical approach to regulating their activities. Current research therefore suggests that there is a continued operation of such exchange platforms outside regulatory boundaries where in May 2023, Patricia, a popular Nigerian cryptocurrency exchange platform, launched its own digital tokens. In response, the CBN released a guideline in December 2023 on the operations of bank accounts for virtual assets and virtual asset service providers (VASPs), a first step towards regulating virtual assets in Nigeria. This paper therefore aims to critically assess the anatomy and footprint of cryptolaundering, particularly in Nigeria’s banking and finance sector, as well as current and future attempts at regulating the potential money laundering risks of virtual assets. Particularly, this paper aims to examine the potency of current regulatory perspectives and Nigeria’s emerging governance system for virtual assets and VASPs side by side with its current economic and social realities and the overall regulatory nature of Nigeria’s financial ecosystem
‘Courage without the certainty of a happy ending’: the emotion regulation of environmental activists
Get PDFClimate change and environmental degradation are the most serious and fundamental problems of our time and focal points for many activist groups and organizations. In this paper, we adopt a psychological perspective to explore the emotions and emotion regulation of environmental activists. We know from the literature that facing the reality of the climate crisis, and the risks involved, often means having to deal with powerful emotions such as fear and anxiety. In addition, activists in general typically deal with personal, cultural as well as structural challenges that often lead to dropout or burnout. Although we know quite a lot about the ways in which emotions mobilize and energize activism, we know less about the ways in which environmental activists regulate their emotions to improve their wellbeing for sustained activism. In the present study, we interviewed a broad international sample of 30 activists from Extinction Rebellion and similar organizations sharing the principles of regenerative culture encouraging emotion regulation among members. The informants experienced a wide range of negative, but also positive, emotions in relation to the experience of ‘living in climate truth’ as well as their everyday activism. Their emotion regulation strategies could be grouped into two themes: ‘Taking action to heal’ and ‘healing to sustain action’. Both themes reflected the ability to remain emotionally flexible through questioning, and not being attached to the outcomes of activism. This implied the down-regulation and transforming of negative emotions as well as the cultivating and tempering of positive emotions
Endocarditis prophylaxis – indications, application and current controversies
Get PDFLinks between infective endocarditis (IE) and dental and other invasive procedures were first identified in the 1920s, leading to the first recommendation by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 1955 that antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) should be used to prevent IE. Recognising the weak evidence to support this practice and the wider risks of anaphylaxis and antibiotic resistance, guidelines in the USA and Europe have been rationalised in the last two decades, restricting the use of AP to the highest risk patients (and the complete cessation of AP for all invasive procedures in the UK). However, recent data demonstrate that AP is safe and effective in reducing the incidence of IE in high-risk individuals undergoing invasive dental procedures and support current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and AHA guidance,. Nonetheless, debate continues, and several questions remain. Which patients should receive AP? Which dental and non-dental procedures require AP? And which AP regimens and other preventive measures are safest and most cost-effective? In this narrative review, we address these controversies with reference to recent literature and clinical experience
Mechanistic within-host mathematical model of inhalational anthrax
Get PDFWe present a mathematical model of the dynamics of Bacillus anthracis bacteria within the lymph nodes and blood of a host, following inhalation of an initial dose of spores. We also incorporate the dynamics of protective antigen, which is the binding component of the anthrax toxin produced by the bacteria. The model offers a mechanistic description of the early infection dynamics of inhalational anthrax, while its stochastic nature allows us to study the probabilities of different outcomes (for example, how likely it is that the infection will be cleared for a given inhaled dose of spores) in order to explain dose-response data for inhalational anthrax. The model is calibrated via a Bayesian approach, using in vivo data from New Zealand white rabbit and guinea pig infection studies, enabling within-host parameters to be estimated. We also leverage incubation-period data from the Sverdlovsk 1979 anthrax outbreak to show that the model can accurately describe human time-to-symptoms data under reasonable parameter regimes. Finally, we derive a simple approximate formula for the probability of symptom onset before time t, assuming that the number of inhaled spores has a Poisson distribution
Strong ENSO Forcing of Wet Season Rainfall Extremes in the Eastern Amazon
Get PDFAbstract
Recent years have seen strong droughts and floods in the Amazon basin, the largest center of atmospheric convection on land. To assess to what degree these events are extreme in a historical perspective requires accurate and long-term climate data, which are generally lacking for this part of the world. Here, we developed a 131-year oxygen isotope chronology from exactly dated tree rings of Cedrela odorata from the eastern Amazon Basin. The chronology (1885–2016) correlates strongly with observed wet-season rainfall totals (r = −0.71, 1951–2016) and stream discharge over the eastern equatorial Amazon. In contrast to oxygen isotope chronologies further inland that record basin-wide rainfall, our new record provides a good rainfall proxy for the eastern Amazon basin alone and shows that extreme precipitation events are also driven by ENSO.
Plain Language Summary
The Amazon Basin is a crucial ecosystem for global biodiversity and climate, yet recent extreme droughts and floods raise concerns about the hydrological cycle over the Basin. Understanding these climate extremes is limited by the lack of long instrumental observations before 1950. Tree-ring data can provide a valuable proxy for historical climate variability. Oxygen isotope measurements from tree rings of Cedrela odorata were used here to reconstruct wet season rainfall over the eastern Amazon from 1885 to 2016. The reconstruction is very highly correlated with regional rainfall and river discharge, and with indices of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. The lowest rainfall total observed in the instrumental measurements and in the reconstruction occurred in 1983, during one of the strongest El Niño events in recorded history. The new reconstruction provides a valuable addition to the hydroclimatic record for the late 19th and early 20th century in a data sparse region of the eastern Amazon
Older passengers’ expectations about highly automated driving: Implications for inclusive designs
No full textUnderstanding older adults’ overall expectations about automated vehicles (AVs) is crucial for inclusive designs. The work-in-progress presents an exploratory study based on semi-structured interviews with 27 older adults in the Netherlands. A thematic analysis revealed an open-minded attitude towards AVs, optimism for improved safety, and pragmatic concerns about reliability. Participants expected AVs to be “well-behaved”, delivering safe, predictable, and socially considerate driving styles. Participants also showed a desire for AVs to be communicative, providing feedback to reduce uncertainties. The findings provide implications for inclusive AV designs
The Dynamics of a Home: Spatial Adaptations in Malaysia’s Multi-Ethnic Row Housing
Get PDFTo gain a deeper understanding of “home” and “housing”, qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and mental mapping, were employed to examine how Malay, Chinese, and Indian households in Malaysia adapt to contemporary row housing and the factors that motivate them to modify spaces within their original housing layouts. The findings reveal the unique practices of ethnic households and the emergence of adaptive spaces. Rather than presenting cultural practices as fixed or essentialised, we interpret the household spatial adaptations as everyday tactical responses to the constraints of standardized housing forms. These tactics are shaped by lived experience, individual choice, intergenerational values, and socio-religious meaning-making, in line with De Certeau’s notion of spatial practice and Lefebvre’s triadic conception of space. The paper concludes with a culturally informed design framework that illustrates how diverse households negotiate and define their concept of home, driven by lived experiences and everyday spatial practices
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