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A dancing bear, a colleague, or a sharpened toolbox? The cautious adoption of generative artificial intelligence technologies in digital humanities research
No full textThe emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping the research landscape and carries significant implications for Digital Humanities (DH), a field long intertwined with computational methods and technologies. This study examines how DH scholars are adopting and critically evaluating GenAI in their research. Drawing on an international survey of 76 respondents and 15 in-depth interviews, we investigate scholars' motivations for using GenAI tools, the specific practices through which they integrate these tools into their research, and their perceptions of the benefits, risks, and challenges associated with GenAI. Our findings reveal divergent opinions and imaginaries within the DH community: while many scholars view GenAI as a means to enhance efficiency and support reskilling, others express concern about its impact on scholarly identity, intellectual labor, and disciplinary values. Situated within the history of DH and analyzed through the lens of actor-network theory, the results suggest that GenAI is being incrementally enrolled into DH research networks, reshaping relationships among human and nonhuman actors in ways that remain contested and actively negotiated. As one of the first empirical studies on this topic, this work provides an initial foundation for understanding GenAI's evolving role in DH scholarship and points toward avenues for future research
Biform differential game approach to dynamic carbon reduction cooperation in transnational supply chains under CBAM
No full textThe Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a border tax implemented by highly carbon-regulation countries (HCRC) on imports from less carbon-regulation countries (LCRC). To analyse carbon reduction cooperation in transnational supply chains under CBAM, this study develops a biform differential game model involving a distributor in HCRC and two manufacturers (from HCRC and LCRC) supplying homogeneous products. Within this framework, supply chain members cooperate in carbon reduction while independently setting the wholesale prices or retail prices. The findings reveal a key distinction between cooperative and non-cooperative modes: under non-cooperation, pricing and emission reduction decisions remain static, whereas under cooperation, they dynamically evolve and gradually stabilise. Moreover, as the CBAM price increases, distributors in the cooperative model increase the LCRC product sales but reduce them in the non-cooperative setting. Consequently, under cooperation, the distributor’s profit increases with CBAM prices, while under non-cooperation, the profit follows an inverse U-shaped pattern. Finally, the cooperative mechanism enhances sales, emission reductions, and both LCRC and HCRC manufacturers’ profits compared to the non-cooperative model. However, the distributor achieves higher profits only when CBAM prices are sufficiently high, and thus should adopt the cooperative strategy under the same condition
First light from beam neutrinos on an LAPPD in ANNIE
Get PDFThe Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is both a physics experiment and a technology testbed for next-generation light-based neutrino detection. In this paper, we report the first demonstration of a fully integrated Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) operating in a running neutrino beam experiment. Particular focus is given to the design, commissioning, and successful deployment of the Packaged ANNIE LAPPD (PAL), a waterproof, self-triggering module incorporating fast waveform digitization and precision timing synchronized to the ANNIE detector subsystems. We identify beam-correlated LAPPD data frames consistent with charged-current neutrino interactions observed in multiple detector subsystems, establishing the first detection of neutrino-induced Cherenkov light with an LAPPD. These results validate the system-level performance of LAPPDs under realistic experimental conditions — including long-term stability, timing synchronization, and event matching with conventional PMT and muon detector systems — marking a critical step toward their deployment in future large-scale neutrino and particle detectors
Sub-groups of spoken language and broader communication skills in a large heterogenous cohort of minimally verbal school-age children: evidence of discrepant profiles
Get PDFBackgroundCommunication and language profiles in neurodevelopmental conditions are characterised by enormous phenotypic heterogeneity. We sought to identify subgroups of Minimally Verbal (MV) children in a school-age transdiagnostic sample. We hypothesised that a cluster with a discrepant profile (strong receptive but low speech production and expressive spoken language skills) would emerge.MethodsWe recruited MV children and their families (n = 193; mean age 7.6 years (sd: 2.5, range 4–13); 73% male). The sample varied in their adaptive skills and range of diagnoses (autism 77%, genetic syndrome 15%). Children took part in a play-based experimenter-child interaction designed to elicit communicative acts such as requesting or sharing attention. Parents completed questionnaires about their child’s developmental profile, communicative and adaptive skills. Additional in-person batteries probed children’s motor, imitative and receptive language skills. The multi-task, multi-informant communication-related variables were then entered into a pre-registered agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis.ResultsSix distinct clusters emerged and were compared in relation to non-social autism symptoms, motor skills, adaptive skills and demographic measures. For four clusters, children’s receptive, expressive, adaptive and motor skills were fairly commensurate and could be described as very low-, low-, mid- or high-skill. Two further clusters described discrepant profiles of ability where speech and spoken language skills were disproportionately lower. Exploratory analyses revealed that children in different clusters differed in terms of their diagnostic profiles, use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) and echolalia.LimitationsWhilst the inclusive, trait-based, transdiagnostic approach taken has high ecological validity, some measures employed were thus necessarily bespoke, adapted or non-normed and reported diagnoses did not undergo systematic validation.ConclusionThe hypothesised discrepant profile emerged whereby some MV children had stronger receptive than expressive skills, suggesting motor barriers to speech that necessitate tailored support
Harnessing Star Power:The Distinct Effects of Star Inventors on Radical and Incremental Innovation
No full textStar inventors are highly valuable resources, offering scarce knowledge and expertise that significantly enhance a firm’s innovation performance. Beyond their expertise, what sets star inventors apart is their star status—a role that prescribes them high positions in organizational hierarchy and the power to steer resource allocation within the organization. The status-based perspective suggests that star inventors pursue activities that align with and reinforce their high status. Integrating these insights, we explore how star inventors distinctively influence incremental innovation and radical innovation of firms. Specifically, we propose that the effect of star inventors on incremental innovation follows an inverted U-shaped relationship, whereas their effect on radical innovation is continuously positive. Further, we posit that collaboration intensity between star inventors enhances radical innovation but does not similarly benefit incremental innovation. Analyzing data from publicly traded, R&D-active U.S. firms and their more than one million patents, we broadly find support for our hypotheses. Our primary contribution lies in explaining how status shapes star inventors' distinct contributions to incremental and radical innovations, offering insights to support strategic decision-making in managing star talent
‘There is more to life than HbA1c’: a comprehensive qualitative framework from the Hypo-RESOLVE project evidencing the impacts of hypoglycaemia on the quality of life of adults living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
Get PDFAims
To develop a comprehensive, in-depth understanding of the impacts of hypoglycaemia on the quality of life of adults living with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
Thirty-one adults with T1D or T2D who experienced hypoglycaemia participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were purposively sampled by age, sex and type/duration of diabetes. Informed by a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) framework and literature review, an interview guide explored hypoglycaemia-related impacts on quality of life. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis.
Results
Impacts were coded within three overall themes (physical, psychological and social) comprising 38 subthemes. Of the 11 physical subthemes, the most discussed were sleep, physiological symptoms, leisure and exercise, eating and drinking. Of the 18 psychological subthemes, the most discussed included: awareness; cognitive burden and planning; self management and coping; worry and anxiety; autonomy, independence and control. Of the nine social subthemes, the most discussed were impacts on others and relationship with partner.
Conclusions
A novel HRQoL framework highlights a comprehensive range of impacts of hypoglycaemia on physical, psychological and social functioning of people living with diabetes. These findings offer insights for clinicians, researchers and other interested parties seeking to benefit person-centred outcomes, such as quality of life
Strong variation in land‐use change impacts on tropical avian phylogenetic diversity between ecoregions highlights the need to sample large spatial scales
Get PDFForest conversion for agriculture is a major cause of tropical biodiversity loss, but its impacts vary with spatial scale. Higher species turnover in forests than in farmland means that land‐use change causes greater biodiversity loss at broader than at local scales, yet broad‐scale assessments are scarce. Phylogenetic diversity is increasingly prioritised in conservation to protect evolutionary history under global change, yet how deforestation‐driven changes in phylogenetic diversity scale spatially and accumulate in regions of high species turnover remains unclear. We compiled a large field database from across 13 biogeographically diverse regions affected by deforestation for cattle farming, covering most of Colombia, a megadiverse tropical country. Using occupancy models, we estimated bird communities for 1547 (936 observed plus 611 never‐observed) species across ecoregions and nationally in both forest and pasture habitats to quantify changes in phylogenetic diversity metrics and determine whether these impacts are dependent on spatial scale. We found an average loss of 2300 Myr of phylogenetic diversity at the country scale, with most species negatively affected across the phylogeny. Although single regional‐scale relative loss was on average comparable to broader scales, there was high variability between regional units. The latter was especially critical when evaluating metrics of evolutionary distinctiveness, which are key indicators for biodiversity conservation planning. Such underestimation of national‐scale impacts highlights the importance of sampling across multiple regions. Immediate conservation action is needed to safeguard evolutionarily unique species and prevent phylogenetic homogenisation driven by agricultural expansion across spatial scales—a threat often underestimated due to assessments limited to single biogeographic regions
“Empathy code”: the dangers of automating empathy in business
Get PDFOrganizations are increasingly adopting “Emotional AI” to monitor and influence employee emotions, aiming to create more empathetic workplaces. However, we argue that automating empathy risks fostering empathy skepticism, alienating employees, exacerbating mental health issues, and eroding trust. We call on organizations to address the root causes of negative workplace emotions and leverage AI as a tool to complement—rather than replace—empathy, fostering workplaces that genuinely prioritize care and trust
A systematic review of interventions for persons living with dementia: the geriatric ED guidelines 2.0
Get PDFBackground
The increasing prevalence of dementia poses significant challenges for emergency department (ED) care, as persons living with dementia (PLWD) more frequently experience adverse outcomes such as delirium, prolonged stays, and higher mortality rates. Despite advancements in care strategies, a critical gap remains in understanding how ED interventions impact outcomes in this vulnerable population. This systematic review aims to identify evidence-based ED care interventions tailored to PLWD to improve outcomes.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (Wiley), Scopus (Elsevier), and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global through September 2024. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024586555). Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and quality improvement initiatives focused on ED interventions for PLWD. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Outcomes included patient satisfaction, ED revisits, functional decline, and mortality.
Results
From 3305 screened studies, six met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included nonpharmacologic therapies (e.g., music and light therapy), specialized geriatric ED units, and assessment tools, such as for pain. Tailored interventions including geriatric emergency units and community paramedic care transitions were effective in reducing 30-day ED revisits and hospitalizations. However, heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes precluded meta-analysis. Risk of bias ranged from low to moderate.
Conclusion
This review underscores the urgent need for standardized and evidence-based interventions in ED settings for PLWD. Approaches including multidisciplinary care models and nonpharmacologic therapies demonstrated potential for improving outcomes. Future research should prioritize consistent outcome measures, interdisciplinary collaboration, and person-centered care strategies to enhance the quality and equity of ED services for PLWD
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