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Ecological Citizenship and the Co-Design of Inclusive and Resilient Pathways for Sustainable Transitions
Get PDFAchieving climate neutrality and the provision of a route to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero or below requires a significant shift from a focus on top-down technological solutions to a more holistic, people-centred approach. The research presented here explores the role of ecological citizenship (EC) in this shift, and specifically how a socially innovative, co-designed approach to facilitating EC and the systemic changes needed for carbon neutrality could or should take place. The paper presents EC as an evolving practice that emphasises the responsibility of individuals and communities towards ecological sustainability and social equity. The study examines how various stakeholders, such as industry practitioners, third-sector organisations, and community members, communicate, understand, and implement EC practices, projects, and solutions, using a mixed-methods approach that includes roundtable talks and workshops. As such, the study emphasises the value of user-centred, co-designed proposals that enable individuals to actively participate in positive climate action. It also looks at the opportunities and challenges of incorporating EC into wider societal and legislative norms. At the municipal, regional, and national levels, we feel the results offer useful insights into how design processes, environmental programs, and participatory governance approaches may promote more sustainable, inclusive transitions and support achieving carbon neutrality
Collective Intelligence Outperforms Individual Talent: A Case Study in League of Legends
Get PDFGaming environments are popular testbeds for studying human interactions and behaviors in complex artificial intelligence systems. Particularly, in multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games, individuals collaborate in virtual environments of high realism that involves real-time strategic decision-making and trade-offs on resource management, information collection and sharing, team synergy and collective dynamics. This paper explores whether collective intelligence, emerging from cooperative behaviours exhibited by a group of individuals, who are not necessarily skillful but effectively engage in collaborative problem-solving tasks, exceeds individual intelligence observed within skillful individuals. This is shown via a case study in League of Legends, using machine learning algorithms and statistical methods applied to large-scale data collected for the same purpose. By modeling and visualizing systematically game-specific metrics but also new game-agnostic topological and graph spectra measures of cooperative interactions, we demonstrate compelling insights about the superior performance of collective intelligence
Diagnostic performance of morning serum cortisol in glucocorticoid weaning in children and adults
No full text883eP AI-based multimodal prediction of MSI/MMR status in colorectal cancer from H&E-stained slides and clinicopathological data
No full textVirtual Heritage Futures:Review of UK and China collaborative programmes and creative industry for virtual heritage technologies
Get PDFThis report offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of investment patterns, engagement strategies, and content creation for virtual heritage technologies and applications in the UK and China. Across an 18-month investigation, collaborative workshops and interviews with stakeholders in both countries, it details the transformative effect of advanced digital technologies on the generation of innovative streams, creative collaborations, co-production, and sustainable economic benefits for the virtual heritage technology and associated creative industries in both countries
Sodium constraints on megaherbivore communities in Africa
No full textSodium (Na) is an essential nutrient for animals, but not for most plants. Consequently, herbivores may confront a mismatch between forage availability and metabolic requirement. Recent work suggests that larger-bodied mammals may be particularly susceptible to Na deficits, yet it is unknown whether Na availability constrains the density or distribution of large herbivores at broad scales. Here we show that plant-Na availability varies >1,000-fold across sub-Saharan Africa and helps explain continent-scale patterns of large-herbivore abundance. We combined field data with machine-learning approaches to generate high-resolution maps of plant Na, which revealed multi-scale gradients arising from sea-salt deposition, hydrology, soil chemistry and plant traits. Faecal Na concentration was positively correlated with modelled dietary Na, supporting the prediction that variation in plant Na is a major determinant of herbivore Na intake. Incorporating plant-Na availability improved model predictions of large-herbivore population density, especially for megaherbivore species, which are depressed in very-low-Na regions (−1), consistent with Na limitation. Our study offers an explanation for the scarcity of megaherbivores in parts of Central and West Africa, which has major ecological ramifications given the strong influence of large herbivores on ecosystem functioning and the profound human-induced changes to Na availability in Africa and beyond
Fine structure in the α decay of 179Hg and 177Au.
Get PDFThe α -decay fine structure of 179 Hg and 177 Au was studied by means of decay spectroscopy. Two experiments were performed at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä (JYFL), Finland, utilizing the recoil separator RITU and a digital data acquisition system. The heavy-ion induced fusion-evaporation reactions 36 82 Kr + 44 100 Ru and 38 88 Kr + 42 92 Mo were used to produce the 179 Hg and 177 Au nuclei, respectively. Studying the evaporation residues (ER, recoils)- α 1 - α 2 correlations and α - γ coincidences, a new α decay with E α = 6156(10) keV was observed from 179 Hg. This decay populates the (9/2 - ) excited state at an excitation energy of 131.3(5) keV in 175 Pt. The internal conversion coefficient for the 131.3(5) keV transition de-exciting this state was measured for the first time. Regarding the 177 Au nucleus, a new α decay with E α = 5998(9) keV was observed to populate the 156.1(6) keV excited state in 173 Ir. Two de-excitation paths were observed from this excited state. Moreover, a new 215.7(13) keV transition was observed to depopulate the 424.4(13) keV excited state in 173 Ir. Properties of the 179 Hg and 177 Au α decays were examined in a framework of reduced widths and hindrance factors. For clarity and simplicity, the spin and parity assignments (e.g. J π ) are presented without brackets throughout the text
Support Collapse of Deep Gaussian Processes with Polynomial Kernels for a Wide Regime of Hyperparameters
Get PDFWe analyze the prior that a Deep Gaussian Process with polynomial kernels induces. We observe that, even for relatively small depths, averaging effects occur within such a Deep Gaussian Process and that the prior can be analyzed and approximated effectively by means of the Berry-Esseen Theorem. One of the key findings of this analysis is that, in the absence of careful hyper-parameter tuning, the prior of a Deep Gaussian Process either collapses rapidly towards zero as the depth increases or places negligible mass on low norm functions. This aligns well with experimental findings and mirrors known results for convolution based Deep Gaussian Processes
Same Risk But Different Attribution: Locus of Control Moderates the Relationship Between Risk Perception and Driver Behaviors
No full textUnderstanding the psychological mechanisms behind driver behaviors is critical to road safety. Drivers’ level of perceived risk and attribution of road traffic crashes may affect such behaviors. The current study investigated the role of traffic locus of control on the relationship between risk perception and driver behaviors and speed preferences. The sample consisted of 334 drivers (age M = 26.47, SD = 7.01). Moderation analysis showed significant moderating effects of all four dimensions of traffic locus of control on errors (i.e., self, others, vehicle and environment, and fate), all three dimensions of external traffic locus of control (i.e., others, vehicle and environment, and fate) on ordinary violations, and self and other drivers on intercity speed preference. The highest number of ordinary violations was reported for drivers with average and low levels of external traffic locus of control focus when their risk perception was also low. The results provide evidence for the interaction effects between risk perception and locus of control while determining driver behaviors. The findings are discussed in light of the related literature
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