159370 research outputs found
Sort by
Resolving forebrain developmental organisation by analysis of differential growth patterns
Get PDFThe forebrain is the most complex region of the vertebrate central nervous system, and its developmental organisation is controversial. We fate-mapped the embryonic chick anterior neural tube and built a 4D model of brain growth. We reveal modular patterns of anisotropic growth, ascribed to progenitor regions through multiplex hybridisation chain reaction. Morphogenesis is dominated by directional growth towards the eye, more isometric expansion of the prethalamus and dorsal telencephalon, and anterior movement of ventral cells into the hypothalamus. Comparative gene expression analysis and cell mixing experiments suggest the existence of a contiguous transverse boundary region, encompassing the zona limitans intrathalamica and retromammillary hypothalamus, that divides the anterior and posterior forebrain, and becomes distorted at the base of the zona limitans intrathalamica. Fate conversion experiments indicate that the hypothalamus is topologically tripartite, lying ventral to the telencephalon, prethalamus and zona limitans intrathalamica. Our findings challenge the widely accepted prosomere model of forebrain organisation, do not support a segmented anterior forebrain, and instead suggest a ‘tripartite hypothalamus’ model
Precision calibration of calorimeter signals in the ATLAS experiment using an uncertainty-aware neural network
Get PDFThe ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider explores the use of modern neural networks for a multi-dimensional calibration of its calorimeter signal defined by clusters of topologically connected cells (topo-clusters). The Bayesian neural network (BNN) approach not only yields a continuous and smooth calibration function that improves performance relative to the standard calibration but also provides uncertainties on the calibrated energies for each topo-cluster. The results obtained by using a trained BNN are compared to the standard local hadronic calibration and to a calibration provided by training a deep neural network. The uncertainties predicted by the BNN are interpreted in the context of a fractional contribution to the systematic uncertainties of the trained calibration. They are also compared to uncertainty predictions obtained from an alternative estimator employing repulsive ensembles
Measurement of the top-quark pole mass in dileptonic tt¯+ 1-jet events at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment
Get PDFA measurement of the top-quark pole mass m
pole
t
is presented in tt¯ events with an
additional jet, tt¯+ 1-jet, produced in pp collisions at √
s = 13 TeV. The data sample, recorded
with the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC, corresponds to an integrated luminosity
of 140 fb−1
. Events with one electron and one muon of opposite electric charge in the final
state are selected to measure the tt¯+ 1-jet differential cross-section as a function of the inverse
of the invariant mass of the tt¯+ 1-jet system. Iterative Bayesian Unfolding is used to correct
the data to enable comparison with fixed-order calculations at next-to-leading-order accuracy
in the strong coupling. The process pp → ttj¯ (2 → 3), where top quarks are taken as stable
particles, and the process pp → b
¯bl+νl−νj¯ (2 → 7), which includes top-quark decays to the
dilepton final state and off-shell effects, are considered. The top-quark mass is extracted using
a χ
2 fit of the unfolded normalized differential cross-section distribution. The results obtained
with the 2 → 3 and 2 → 7 calculations are compatible within theoretical uncertainties,
providing an important consistency check. The more precise determination is obtained for the
2 → 3 measurement: m
pole
t = 170.7±0.3 (stat.)±1.4 (syst.)±0.3 (scale)±0.2 (PDF⊕αS) GeV,
which is in good agreement with other top-quark mass results
An Island of Sound: A Libretto
Get PDFThe aims of this article are twofold: to present a new browser-based work called An Island of Sound, created by J. R. Carpenter with a soundscape by Jules Rawlinson, and to do so through a discussion of the collaborative process undertaken in creating a live performance of this work. This article is intended to be read in conjunction with the browser-based work, which can be found online at https://luckysoap.com/anislandofsound/.
Artistically, An Island of Sound contributes a feminist, polyvocal, and decolonial approach to thinking about the emergence and propagation of phantom islands in the colonial imaginary. This thinking is undertaken through and with the elemental media of wind. All of the images in the browser-based work come from the British Library’s Flickr Commons. These visual elements extend far beyond the bounds of the browser window. In order to navigate the work, the viewer must scroll vertically and horizontally, and zoom in and out. Even then, the viewing is only ever partial. The textual elements in the browser-based work incorporate references to islands from classical, colonial, and cartographic sources. These texts are variable; one line of text on the screen may be a long poem in a JavaScript array in the source code. Thus, machine time enters into this assemblage, interrupting the timescale of human reading with its own logic of random selection and interruption. The sound-world created for the live performance of this work responds to, supports, and transforms the visual and textual imagery. Field recordings, wind synthesis, generative sample streams, and data-driven sound processing are collaged and combined with live spoken word to create ambiguous and shifting sonic narratives and spectral resonances.
In keeping with the dialogic nature of this interdisciplinary and collaborative compositional process, this coauthored article retains the authors’ distinct voices and disciplinary frames of reference. In dialogue with the code languages underpinning the browser-based element of this work, these voices are differentiated by HTML-style tags: for J. R. Carpenter and for Jules Rawlinson. In dialogue with the temporal and sequential unfolding of the live performance, this article is written into the libretto devised for the live performance of the work. In taking this formal approach, this article contributes to expanding modes of criticism of literary works written in and with code languages. In doing so, it builds on two earlier examples: In 2013, Digital Humanities Quarterly published Nick Montfort and Stephanie Strickland’s “cut to fit the toolspun course,” an article written directly into an edition of the main JavaScript component of their browser-based work “Sea and Spar Between.” In 2016, an article written into the main HTML file of J. R. Carpenter’s browser-based work “There he was, gone.” was published in German translation in Code und Konzept: Literatur und das Digital. Poetic text from the libretto and images and source code from the browser-based iteration of An Island of Sound are incorporated within the body of this article in order to aid in the reading of these texts together. [Square brackets at the beginning of each section indicate notation on sound and visuals setting each scene.
Lithium and Boron Isotope Ratios of Seven Glass Reference Materials (OJY‐1, OH‐1, OA‐1, CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5): New Reference Materials for In Situ δ7Li and δ11B Microanalysis
No full textThe geochemistry of lithium and boron isotopes is widely applied to a variety of Earth science disciplines. In situ measurement of Li and B isotope ratios requires matrix-matched reference materials for calibration, method validation and inter-laboratory data comparison. In this study, we characterise the Li and B isotope ratios (δ7Li and δ11B) of the seven glass reference materials OJY-1, OH-1, OA-1, CGSG-1, CGSG-2, CGSG-4 and CGSG-5. These seven materials exhibit relative homogeneous δ7Li and δ11B values at the spatial resolution of 10–120 μm, as revealed by multiple spot analyses using LA-MC-ICP-MS (n = 80–100) and SIMS (n = 8–12) on different grains. The 2s of δ7Li and δ11B in these materials as determined by LA-MC-ICP-MS and SIMS ranges from ~ 0.40 to ~ 1.50‰. The recommended δ7Li and δ11B values were determined using solution MC-ICP-MS techniques, and data from independent laboratories showed high precision with discrepancies within ~ 1.50‰. The Li and B mass fractions of the various glasses differ, ranging from ~ 40 μg g-1 to 2000 μg g-1 and ~ 40 μg g-1 to 5000 μg g-1, respectively. The various glasses also have different δ7Li and δ11B values, ranging from +0.99 to +5.69‰ and -10.92 to +0.25‰, respectively. Notably, OA-1 and OH-1 are high-silica glasses (SiO2 > 75% m/m) and, therefore, may be particularly helpful for Li and B isotope analysis of highly evolved magmatic rocks. These investigated glasses have great potential as reference materials for the in situ measurement of Li and B isotope ratios
UK consumer protection and the debate for reform in medical device liability
Get PDFThe long-stop rule, under the UK Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 1987, imposes a 10-year limitation period for product liability claims, providing legal certainty for manufacturers and consumers. However, this timeframe is increasingly problematic in the case of medical devices, particularly implantable ones, which can fail decades after implantation. This review considers an extension to the long-stop period for medical devices, emphasising the need for patient protection, legal clarity, and reduced clinician burden, and contrasts the current UK system with the EU’s proposed 25-year long-stop period under the recently implemented 2024 Product Liability Directive. Through case studies, including surgical mesh and orthopaedic implants, the discussion highlights the challenges posed by delayed failure modes and the resulting difficulties in seeking redress within the 10-year window. Lastly, the role of publicly funded redress schemes and the evolving legal landscape are examined, underscoring the importance of reconsidering the current statutory limitations. Extending the long-stop period, combined with the use of explant analysis to evaluate defective medical devices, is proposed as a means to enhance patient safety and align with ongoing advancements in medical technology and regulation
Long-term effects of medical treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Get PDFBackground
The New International Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) Registry, conducted between 2015 and 2019, revealed the significant impact of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) on the long-term survival of CTEPH patients. The objective of the current pre-specified analysis was to evaluate the effect of medical treatment, including the approved oral guanylate cyclase stimulator (sGC) riociguat, in patients with or without mechanical intervention.
Methods
1009 newly diagnosed patients were included in the study, with recruitment conducted at 34 centres across 20 countries. At the outset of the registry, sGC was available in 85% of the countries involved.
Results
52% of all patients included were treated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) drugs. The proportion of patients receiving PH drugs was 38% among the 605 patients who underwent PEA, 78% among the 185 patients who underwent BPA and 76% among the 219 remaining patients who did not undergo PEA or BPA. In the “BPA” and “no PEA/BPA” groups, the 3-year survival was superior in patients who received sGC in comparison with other PH drugs. Cox regression confirmed that sGC treatment was associated with reduced mortality in the global cohort, in the BPA group and in the “no PEA/BPA” group.
Conclusion
This international CTEPH registry suggests that, although an increasing proportion of patients with CTEPH benefited from mechanical treatment, medical treatment with sGC may be associated with a survival advantage in patients undergoing BPA or no intervention. These observations confirm the results of previous randomised controlled trials in a real-world setting
A novel data-driven method for ball bearing impedance modelling
Get PDFNowadays, electrical machines are commonly driven by voltage source inverters in which the intrinsic switching phenomenon can result in common mode voltage which can further lead to high frequency bearing currents. To accurately model the bearing impedance and in turn bearing currents, this paper proposes a probabilistic framework for bearing impedance modeling in inverter-driven applications. The impedance distribution is decomposed using the chain rule into a phase model and an amplitude model. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP)-based network is employed to predict the impedance phase distribution under given conditions and the corresponding amplitudes for different phases. This approach effectively captures both the transition from capacitive to resistive states, through phase behavior, and the associated amplitude responses, making it applicable across a wide range of shaft speeds, voltage amplitudes, and excitation frequencies. This modular approach aligns well with the physical processes, underlying the bearing breakdown. Additionally, it could be readily extended to incorporate additional parameters such as temperature and lubrication condition
What is required for AI to improve the assessment and treatment of patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction? ICI‐RS 2025
Get PDFIntroduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to improve the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Its effective deployment requires prioritization, regulatory oversight, rigorous validation, and clinician and patient engagement.
Methods
The Think Tank at the International Consultation on Incontinence—Research Society (ICI-RS) 2025 evaluated key considerations for successful AI implementation into LUTD clinical care. The topics included clinical triage framework, regulatory and legal principles, levels of evidence required for validation, and clinician and patient engagement to guide development. The group developed a narrative of the pressing matters related to AI implementation and a list of proposed research questions, which, when addressed, will help shape the future of the field.
Results
LUTD topics that should be prioritized for AI implementation include high-burden conditions with high unmet need such as neurogenic LUTD, bladder outlet obstruction, and overactive bladder. Regulatory frameworks such as the EU AI Act and the U.S. “Software as a Medical Device” and its associated guidance promote safety, transparency, and accountability. AI solutions should be as rigorously evaluated as other clinical devices or drug agents. Patient and clinician engagement are paramount to ensure innovation aligns with the pressing needs of patients and clinicians.
Conclusions
AI's integration into LUTD care requires cross-disciplinary collaboration, prospective validation, and legal and ethical frameworks. AI must be developed and implemented with a strong focus on transparency, trust, and patient-centered care
Feature Detection and Classification in Buried Pipes using LiDAR Technology
Get PDFBuried infrastructure presents unique challenges for autonomous robotic inspection due to its confined geometry and the structural variations within pipe networks. While CCTV is widely used for pipe inspection, LiDAR sensors offer complementary advantages, including precise ranging capabilities and accurate depth perception. In this work, we introduce a low-cost LiDAR-based system designed to detect blockages and accurately identify critical structural features - such as joints, manholes, and other discontinuities - within these environments in real-time. By combining robust data acquisition, efficient processing, and clear decision-making criteria, the approach enhances the effectiveness, reliability, and automation of underground inspections
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇