159370 research outputs found
Sort by
Using linguistic ethnography to uncover the mechanisms through which underprivileged students are denied access to classroom dialogue
Get PDFThis article opens up the ‘black box’ of classroom interaction to investigate why opportunities to participate in academically productive (or ‘dialogic’) classroom discussion may be more readily available to some groups of students than others, creating educational inequities. Prior research has attributed disparities in classroom participation to perceived deficits in underprivileged students’ communicative abilities. Drawing on linguistic ethnographic research in two socioeconomically differentiated primary schools, the article challenges this idea and shifts the focus to relational and contextual factors, situating classroom dynamics within the broader sociopolitical landscape. Quantitative analysis reveals significant disparities in student talk time between the two participating schools, with students in the Higher Socioeconomic Status school contributing substantially more to whole-class discussions. Qualitative analysis identifies three mechanisms driving these disparities: differing assumptions about the purpose of classroom talk; competing approaches to managing classroom roles, routines and relationships; and the influence of neoliberal accountability logics. These mechanisms have relevance beyond the focal schools since they are underpinned by widespread beliefs about underprivileged students and systemic pressures that affect schools internationally. The article underscores the importance of linguistic ethnographic research in challenging deficit thinking and providing an evidence base to better inform educational policy and decision making
Modifiable risk factors and inflammation-related proteins in polymyalgia rheumatica: genome-wide meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization
Get PDFObjective
PMR is an age-related inflammatory disease of unknown cause. We aimed to identify potentially modifiable risk factors and therapeutic targets for preventing or treating PMR.
Methods
We meta-analysed genetic association data from 8156 cases of PMR (defined using diagnostic codes and self-report) and 416 495 controls of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and FinnGen. We then performed Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the association between eight modifiable risk factors (using data from up to 1.2 million individuals) and 65 inflammation-related circulating proteins (up to 55 792 individuals), using the inverse variance weighted and pleiotropy robust methods.
Results
We identified three novel genome-wide significant loci in the IL1R1, NEK6 and CCDC88B genes and confirmation of previously described associations with HLA-DRB1 and ANKRD55. Genetically predicted smoking intensity (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.08–1.60; P = 0.006) and visceral adiposity (OR 1.22; 95%CI 1.10–1.37; P = 3.10 × 10‾⁴) were associated with PMR susceptibility. Multiple circulating proteins related to IL-1 family signalling were associated with PMR. IL-1 receptor-like 2, also known as IL-36 receptor (OR 1.25; P = 1.89 × 10‾³²), serum amyloid A2 (OR 1.06, 9.91 × 10‾¹⁰) and CXCL6 (OR 1.09, P = 4.85 × 10‾⁷) retained significance after correction for multiple testing.
Conclusion
Reducing smoking and visceral adiposity at a population level might reduce incidence of PMR. We identified proteins that may play causal roles in PMR, potentially suggesting new therapeutic opportunities. Further research is needed before these findings are applied to clinical practice
Hydrogen for long-haul road freight: A realist retroductive assessment
Get PDFThis study focuses on arguably the most contentious choice of energy supply option available for decarbonizing general-purpose long-haul road freight: hydrogen. For operators, infrastructure providers, energy providers and vehicle manufacturers to make the investments necessary to enable this transition, it is essential to evaluate the feasibility of individual energy supply choices. A literature review is conducted identifying ten requirements for an energy supply choice to be feasible, which are then translated into “what would need to be true” conditions for hydrogen to meet these requirements. Considering these, evidence from literature is used to assess the likelihood of each condition becoming true within the lifespan of a vehicle bought today. It is concluded that it is unlikely that hydrogen will become feasible in this time frame, meaning it can be disregarded as a current vehicle purchase consideration, as it will not undermine the competitiveness or resale value of a vehicle using a different energy source bought today. There are two principal innovations in the study approach: the consideration of socio-technical and political as well as techno-economic factors; and the application of realist retroductive option assessment. While not necessary to address the research question regarding hydrogen, a realist retroductive assessment is also presented for other prominent low carbon energy source options: battery electric, electric road systems (ERS) and biofuels; and the conditions under which these options could be feasible are considered
Improvement of wear resistance for engine valve: Introducing cold upsetting treatment on valve seating face
Get PDFThis study presents a new surface strengthening technique (cold upsetting manufacturing process) for engine valve seating face (VSF). The properties of the Ni30 superalloy VSF were characterized before and after cold upsetting. Compared to the solution-aging treatment (SAT) valve, the solution-cold upsetting-aging treatment (SCUAT) valve hardness was increased by 60 HV0.2. SCUAT valves exhibited higher internal dislocation degrees and local misorientation than SAT valves. Bench-top wear tests at 650 °C and 750 °C were conducted. The valve wear loss at 650 °C was higher than that at 750 °C. SCUAT valves show better wear resistance, with a total wear loss reduction up to 26.76 %. The SCUAT valve-seat insert contact pair wear mechanisms are adhesive and fatigue wear
Cardiovascular involvement in glycogen storage diseases
Get PDFGlycogen storage diseases are rare conditions affecting both sexes that are caused by inherited deficiencies of enzymes involved either in glycogen synthesis or breakdown, or in glycolysis. The liver and skeletal muscle are usually the most affected tissues. However, because glycogen has an important role in cardiac development and function, several glycogen storage diseases are associated, at least indirectly, with cardiac disorders, some of which have severe consequences from the first months of life. Early identification of these conditions is, therefore, an important issue, and implementation of strategies to prevent fatal outcomes due to cardiovascular disease is vital. In this Review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms and the preclinical, clinical and epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular involvement in various glycogen storage diseases. We also describe interventions that can help preserve heart function, including changes in nutrition and exercise, as well as the few available molecular therapies to address the underlying metabolic anomalies
A Fragment of Ælfric’s Homily for Septuagesima Sunday: Cologny-Genève, Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, MS Bodmer 2
No full textMaintaining Brand Authenticity Through Rebranding: A Case Study of Ponda.bio
Get PDFStakeholders are increasingly using social media to demand that fashion companies align their business practices with sustainable endeavors. This channel facilitates dialogue, allowing stakeholders to express ideas, needs, and demands for fashion brands to support social causes and practice sustainability. However, fashion brands face the challenge of maintaining authenticity and their brand DNA when responding to stakeholder demands and implementing sustainability actions that are perceived as authentic. This case study investigates the Ponda.bio brand, formerly known as SaltyCo, a member of the Future Fashion Factory ecosystem and a Responsive R&D project recipient, which aligned with their “Sustainability and Circular Economies” core research theme. This paper assesses the effectiveness of their rebranding strategy and the authenticity of their brand transformation. By analyzing brand communications on social media and an interview with a Ponda.bio representative, the study aims to offer guidance for fashion brands to authentically align with sustainability goals while preserving their brand identity and establishing genuine connections with stakeholders
Subglacial landscape formation and sediment discharge: relating basal conditions to bedform dimensions and properties at Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Get PDFBasal conditions that facilitate fast ice flow are still poorly understood and their parameterization in ice-flow models results in high uncertainties in ice-flow and consequent sea-level rise projections. Direct observations of basal conditions beneath modern ice streams are limited due to the inaccessibility of the bed. One approach to understanding basal conditions is through investigating the basal landscape of ice streams and glaciers, which has been shaped by ice flow over the underlying substrate. Bedform variation together with observations of ice-flow properties can reveal glaciological and geological conditions present during bedform formation. Here we map the subglacial landscape and identify basal conditions of Rutford Ice Stream (West Antarctica) using different visualization techniques on novel high-resolution 3D radar data. This novel approach highlights small-scale features and details of bedforms that would otherwise be invisible in conventional radar grids. Our data reveal bedforms of 10 km in length. We correlate variations in bedform dimensions and spacing to different glaciological and geological factors. We find no significant correlation between local (<3 × 3 km) variations in bedform dimensions and variations in ice-flow speed and (surface or basal) topography. We present a new model of subglacial sediment discharge, which proposes that variations in bedform dimensions are primarily driven by spatial variation in sediment properties and effective pressure. This work highlights the small-scale spatial variability of basal conditions and its implications for basal slip. This is critical for more reliable parameterization of basal friction of ice streams in numerical models
What is going on with all those seemingly non-sensical lines, clusters of dots, and tree diagrams in machine learning papers? Part 1 multiple linear regression
No full textAnxiety, insecurity, and redistribution in the UK ‘red wall’: have policy preferences changed since the COVID-19 pandemic?
Get PDFAnxiety is often seen as a driver of far-right politics in British political culture that is strategically irrational insofar as the consequences of the policies pursued by such parties contribute to an increase in poverty and inequality, which are drivers of anxiety. This article shows that anxiety can also drive voter support for strategically rational, progressive policies, which hold out a real prospect for addressing the threats that voters face. Moreover, once established, those preferences appear to outlast occurrent anxiety experiences. Previous studies have found cross-sectional associations between socioeconomic status and anxiety and support for Basic Income, as an archetypal redistributive social security measure, on the other. In this article, we present the results of a novel longitudinal study of red wall voters’ (n = 304) policy preferences over two waves between 2022 and 2024 in the run-up to the UK General Election, using a fixed effects model examining associations between socioeconomic status, anxiety, and changes in public policy preferences. We also examine cross-sectional associations between various socioeconomic and demographic variables and Basic Income support in the 2024 wave (total n = 1988 [red wall n = 913]) in comparison to the 2022 wave (red wall n = 805). While overall longitudinal levels of anxiety have reduced, real income levels—taking into account inflation—and support for Basic Income remain remarkably stable, with a slightly significant positive association between increased faith in politicians and support for Basic Income. The findings suggest a relationship between socioeconomic status, anxiety, and support for social security-enhancing measures. This suggests that progressive parties can satisfy psychosocial needs via redistributive reform and gain popular support as a consequence
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇