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A systematic review of absorbed doses and response in patients treated with radioiodine for differentiated thyroid cancer
Get PDFBackground: Treatment of patients with thyroid cancer with Na[131I]I is routinely performed with empirical activity levels. Treatment success may be expected to correlate with the absorbed doses delivered to targets (thyroid remnants or metastatic lesions), but no systematic review or meta-analysis of absorbed dose-effect relationships has yet been performed.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of reports published before August 22, 2025, was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID MEDLINE. Studies were included if they reported the proportion of patients achieving successful outcome as defined in individual publications and the absorbed doses delivered to targets. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024554956).
Results: In total, 3723 studies were identified of which 18 were eligible for analysis. Number of patients in the included studies ranged from 4 to 509. For patients treated with Na[131I]I for thyroid remnant ablation, the reported success rates ranged from 60% to 100%, while lower success rates of 43-58% were found for patients with metastatic lesions. Success rates for patients with a thyroid remnant absorbed dose of 300 Gy or more ranged from 78% to 96%, while patients with metastatic lesions receiving at least 80 Gy had success rates ranging from 46% to 98%.
Conclusions: While individual studies have demonstrated the importance of absorbed doses from Na[131I]I for differentiated thyroid cancer, no conclusive absorbed dose-effect relationship has been established in this review. A lack of standardization of dosimetry methodologies and follow-up criteria in the studies obscures the relationship. Large-scale observational prospective studies are required to determine the absorbed doses required for successful personalized treatments of patients with thyroid cancer with Na[131I]I
Microwave subsampler using cascaded cold pHEMTs
No full textWe propose a concept using cascaded cold pHEMTs to implement a microwave sampler for subsampling use. The MMIC concept supports slewed control voltages as well as digital square-wave control signals. As such, the control voltages could be from oscillator sources, or from logic signals that have poor fidelity caused by PCB parasitics, etc. Sampling losses of circa 14 dB have been simulated in subsampling mode with RF input at 10th harmonic of the sampling frequency
Statement from the frontal fibrosing alopecia international expert alliance: SOFFIA 2024
Get PDFBackground
As the incidence of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) continues to rise, there is a need for an optimal treatment algorithm for FFA.
Objective
To produce an international consensus statement on the treatment modalities and prognostic indicators of FFA.
Methods
Sixty-nine hair experts from six continents were invited to participate in a three-round Delphi process. The final stage was held as a virtual meeting facilitated via Zoom. The consensus threshold was set at ≥66%.
Results
Of 365 questions, expert consensus was achieved in 204 (56%) questions following completion of the three rounds. Three additional questions were included at the final meeting. The category with the strongest consensus agreement was disease monitoring (9; 100%). Questions pertaining to physical therapies achieved the least category consensus (15; 40%), followed by systemic therapy (45; 43%).
Limitations
The study lacked sufficient representation from Africa and South America.
Conclusion
SOFFIA highlights areas of agreement and disagreement among experts. Robust research is warranted to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations
Brief group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for non‐underweight eating disorders: feasibility and preliminary effectiveness
Get PDFObjective
Individually delivered 10-session cognitive-behavioral therapy for nonunderweight eating disorders (CBT-T) has demonstrated comparable levels of effectiveness to longer CBT-ED. Group CBT-T has demonstrated feasibility and potential effectiveness in a pilot study. This study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of group CBT-T in a larger sample of adults, and evaluated the predictive value of early change on treatment outcomes.
Method
The data analysis was pre-registered and received ethical clearance, and sample size analysis requirements were met. Using intention to treat analyses (ITT), generalized linear mixed models were used to examine change in eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and objective binge eating. Recovery, reliable improvement, and clinically significant change were also examined. Early response as a predictor of treatment outcome was assessed with a paired samples t-test and Pearson's product-moment correlation.
Results
Fifty-nine patients started group CBT-T and were entered into the ITT analyses. Twenty-two (37.3%) patients did not complete therapy. Eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and objective binge eating significantly reduced from pre- to post-therapy (sustained at 3-month follow-up) with medium to very large effect sizes. Of the treatment completers (n = 37, 62.7%), over 70% recovered on the EDE-Q, and over half showed reliable improvement and clinically significant change. Patients who showed early change in EDE-Q scores by session 4 had significantly greater mean changes in EDE-Q scores from session 1 to session 10.
Discussion
The present study shows that group CBT-T can be effective in reducing eating disorder psychopathology and objective binge eating frequency, and improves mood in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with non-underweight eating disorders. Group CBT-T has the potential to increase accessibility to evidence-based treatment for nonunderweight eating disorders
Postoperative sore throat: a systematic review*
Get PDFIntroduction
Postoperative sore throat is a common complaint with an incidence of up to 62%. While anaesthetists often perceive this as a minor and self-limiting complication, postoperative sore throat is one of the leading causes of postoperative anaesthesia-related discomfort. Preventative strategies for postoperative sore throat have been studied extensively, but well-evidenced recommendations are lacking.
Methods
We performed a systematic review to summarise interventions which may prevent postoperative sore throat. Two independent reviewers assessed studies against inclusion criteria and completed a Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 assessment for randomised controlled trials. The results were synthesised narratively due to extensive methodological heterogeneity (populations, interventions and outcomes).
Results
We identified 1883 studies, of which 162 met the inclusion criteria (enrolling 21,199 patients). The pooled incidence of postoperative sore throat at 1 h was 32.4% (95%CI 26.9–38.5%) in 43 studies involving tracheal intubation and 29.4% (95%CI 20.5–40.2%) in 18 studies that used a supraglottic airway device. At 24 h, the pooled incidence of postoperative sore throat was 16.4% (95%CI 13.6–19.8%) in 93 studies involving tracheal intubation and 9.9% (95%CI 6.7–14.4%) in 23 studies that used supraglottic airway devices. Interventions with evidence of benefit included maintaining cuff pressure ≤ 60 cmH2O for supraglottic airway devices and ≤ 30 cmH2O for tracheal tubes. For tracheal tubes only, other interventions with benefit included use of topical ketamine; intravenous or topical steroids; and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Discussion
Despite the high incidence of postoperative sore throat, the current literature lacks high-quality randomised controlled trials on treatments that prevent a complication that is of importance to patients and their recovery. New research will only add value to this area if studies adequately control for confounders
Parent reports of eating behaviour and feeding practices: effects of parent and child sex
Get PDFResearch on parental feeding practices has focused on mothers, often overlooking fathers' perspectives and the influence of child sex. This study examined (1) differences between fathers' and mothers' own eating behaviours, their use of feeding practices, and perceptions of their children's eating behaviours, and (2) the role of child sex in these perceptions and practices. Parents (N = 784; 145 fathers and 639 mothers) of preschoolers (3–5 years, 51.3 % female) from the UK completed an online survey assessing their eating behaviours and feeding practices, and their child's eating behaviours. There were significant sex differences in parents' eating behaviours, with mothers reporting more emotional overeating, hunger, satiety responsiveness, and slowness in eating. Mothers and fathers did not differ in their reports of children's eating behaviours. Girls were reported to have higher levels of satiety responsiveness than boys. When exploring the interaction of parent and child sex in reports of eating behaviour, fathers reported that girls had more desire to drink. Mothers and fathers differed in their reported use of some feeding practices. Both mothers and fathers reported greater use of food for emotion regulation with girls than boys. Fathers used more encouragement of balance and variety with boys. These findings highlight distinct patterns in feeding practices and eating behaviours, influenced by both parent and child sex, suggesting that girls may be at greater risk of receiving feeding practices that contribute to the development of emotional eating. These results emphasize the need to consider the role of sex in future research and the development of tailored feeding guidance
Validating the children's eating behaviour questionnaire in a UK sample: A suitable tool for mothers and fathers
Get PDFChildren's eating behaviour is a complex construct linked to various health, social, and psychological outcomes. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ)assesses parents' perceptions of children's eating behaviours across eight subscales: food fussiness, enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, satiety responsiveness, desire to drink, slowness in eating, and emotional under- and overeating. Given that the initial validation of the CEBQ dates back to the early 2000s, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of the CEBQ in a UK sample using current psychometric recommendations and (2) examine its measurement invariance based on parental sex. A total of 994 caregivers (196 fathers and 798 mothers) of children aged 3–5 years completed the questionnaire. The performance of the scale revealed that 23 items exhibited ceiling or floor effects or failed to meet recommended item-total correlation coefficients. Exploratory factor analysis supported an eight-factor, 34-item structure, which was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis: X2 = 2129.845 (df = 499; p < 0.001), TLI = 0.911, CFI = 0.921, RMSEA = 0.083 (90 % CI 0.079–0.087) and SRMR = 0.080. All factors demonstrated adequate internal consistency (omega 3 values over 0.7). Measurement invariance testing confirmed strict invariance by parental sex, indicating the instrument performs equivalently for mothers and fathers. These findings support the use of the revised 34-item CEBQ with its eight original factors for both maternal and paternal respondents. However, future research should consider revising certain CEBQ items included to strengthen its capacity to capture variations in children's eating behaviour, and to provide a more accurate evaluation of the construct
Does peer learning improve local government capacity to improve sanitation? A contribution analysis in rural Mozambique
Get PDFStrengthening local government capacity to improve sanitation and other basic services is a challenge in many low resource countries. There is growing interest in peer learning as a mechanism to spread successful practices and increase local government performance in the settings. However, few studies have investigated if peer learning leads to changes in practices and improved results. The study aims to identify and evaluate the causal linkages between peer learning activities and any changes to participants capacity, local government practices and increases in sanitation coverage in rural districts. Contribution Analysis, a theory-based evaluation approach, was used to design a longitudinal study investigating outputs, outcomes and impacts of two peer learning workshops between Open Defecation Free (ODF) Districts and non-ODF Districts in Mozambique alongside the enablers and barriers to change. The research draws on a survey of 66 participants directly after the workshops and 29 semi-structured follow-up interviews nine months later. We found that despite broader structural challenges that hinder progress in sanitation service provision, the workshops enabled the spread of knowledge of good practices (outputs) some of which were replicated (outcomes). There is evidence that these replicated practices accelerated progress towards ODF status (impact) in some districts. We demonstrate that under the right conditions peer learning can nurture local learning, improve knowledge, spread frugal practices and lead to incremental improvements in local government performance. We therefore recommend it be integrated into broader programmes to maximise benefits
Nurse-Led Hospital Violence Intervention Programmes Improve Emergency Department Identification of Violence-Related Visits
Get PDFBiosynthetic polyphosphate enhances osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells and promotes periodontal bone regeneration in a murine periodontal bone defect model
Get PDFIntroduction: Periodontal bone regeneration remains a significant challenge in clinical dentistry due to the complex structure of periodontal tissues and their limited intrinsic regenerative capacity. Innovative biomaterial-based strategies are therefore required. Polyphosphates (Poly(P)) have shown promising regenerative potential; however, conventional chemical synthesis methods are limited by high costs and product impurity concerns.
Methods: We established an eco-friendly biosynthetic strategy using a genetically engineered environmental bacterium overexpressing polyphosphate kinase (PPK1) to produce high-purity polyphosphates (Bio-Poly P) from wastewater-derived phosphate sources. Structural characterization was performed to confirm physicochemical properties. The effects of Bio-Poly P on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were assessed by CCK8 assays, qRT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Alizarin Red staining. In vivo osteogenic potential was evaluated using a murine periodontal bone defect model with micro-CT analysis after 4 weeks of implantation.
Results: In vitro, Bio-Poly P at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml did not reduce hPDLSC proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h, whereas higher concentrations (≥5 mg/ml) significantly inhibited proliferation (P 0.05).
Discussion: This study demonstrates that Bio-Poly P possesses favorable biosafety and osteoinductive properties, effectively enhancing osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in vitro and promoting periodontal bone regeneration in vivo. By leveraging a cost-effective and sustainable biosynthetic production method, Bio-Poly P represents a promising alternative to chemically synthesized polyphosphates for clinical periodontal regeneration
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