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Psychological Effects of Horizontal Price Display: How Left-Right Location Shapes Reference Price and Perceived Quality
Get PDF● Data availability statement - The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.● Supplementary material - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1497372/full#supplementary-materialThis study examines the impact of display locations of regular and sale prices on reference price estimation, drawing on anchoring and adjustment theory and the left-to-right directionality in reading habits. It focuses on how the spatial positioning of the regular price relative to the discount price affects perceived quality and subsequently shapes reference price judgments. Conducted across both offline and online settings using varied product stimuli, three laboratory studies using comparative price advertisements that presented both prices on the same page consistently demonstrate that placing the regular price to the left of the discount price results in higher reference price estimations. The findings also confirmed that perceived product quality mediates the proposed effect. This research offers new insights into how the spatial placement of pricing information significantly affects consumer perception and decision-making, contributing to consumer psychology
TRACTABLE AFFINE VOLATILITY TERM STRUCTURE MODELS
No full textJEL classification: G12, G13.In affine term structure models the drift and conditional variance of the factors driving the short interest rate are affine in the factors themselves. This paper provides bond prices in approximate closed form when the drift and the conditional standard deviation (i.e. volatility, not variance) of the said factors are affine in the factors themselves, so as to bypass the admissibility and tractability restrictions of affine models. However the empirical evidence from US yields shows that "affine volatility" models do not fit yields and yield volatilities better than affine models. Thus the admissibility and tractability restrictions of affine models do not "cost much"
The impact of student: teacher ethnic congruence on student treatment and relationships at school: an international review of evidence
Get PDFThere has been growing interest in and concern over the disproportionality of the ethnicity of school teachers compared to the ethnicity of the students they teach, especially in the US where much of the research is focussed. Similar issues arise in England and other developed education systems. Generally, ethnic minorities are under-represented in the teacher workforce. This could influence how ethnic minority students are treated in schools, and the outcomes they attain. Here we present a structured review of the worldwide prior evidence on ethnic disproportionality and school processes like attendance, disciplinary referrals or teacher:student relationships. The paper describes our search terms, databases used, and inclusion criteria. Our search located 62 reports that could contribute to causal evidence on these themes. We found very few studies that could be considered well-designed to assess a causal relationship between student:teacher ethnic matching and outcomes. Most of the best studies are large-scale but only correlational. However, there is a lot of evidence that ethnic matching is linked to better relationships between minority students and staff, higher attendance at school, and less differentiated expectations and disciplinary referrals for minority students. The paper ends by looking at the possible implications for countries like England where is there is less existing evidence so far. One clear implication is that a system with ethnic mix and diversity of students benefits in a variety of ways from also having a more proportional diversity of teaching staff – whether students and staff are specifically matched or not.This work was funded by ESRC grant ES/X00208X/1
Demography of grandmothering: a case study in Agta foragers
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Full code and data required to replicate the analysis presented in this manuscript is available on the OSF project page [86].Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7802074 [87].A preprint version of the article is available at PsyArXiv Preprints, https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/76eka_v3 (version 3: 18 April 2025). It is not the final, peer reviewed, copy edited version.Grandmothers are often presented as key carers due to low costs and high inclusive fitness returns. Empirically, however, grandmothers are not consistently important. Understanding the factors that promote, or hinder, grandmothering is an important next step. We explore the demographic predictors of the low levels of grandmothering in Agta hunter–gatherers (78 children with 29 grandmothers). Due to generational reproductive timing, grandmothers still had dependent children until, on average 52, creating reproductive overlap. The minimal levels of grandmaternal investment after the age of 60 are explained by declining health and high mortality. This means the ‘helping window’ for grandmothering only spans 7 years. Yet grandmothers are still limited by multiple dependent grandchildren in this period, given high fertility. We suggest then that Agta grandmothering is constrained by (i) reproductive overlap and (ii) grandchildren competition. Accordingly, we tested how (i) the number of children and (ii) grandchildren associated with grandmothering using Bayesian mixed-effect models. We found moderate to strong evidence that more children/grandchildren reduced investment in each grandchild. Consequently, whether Agta grandmothers help appears dependent on demographic schedules, which vary widely both within and between populations. Future formal demographic modelling will then help shed light on the evolution of grandmothering in humans.A.M. received funding from the Leverhulme Trust (grant no. RP2011-R 045). D.M.-S. was supported by the John Templeton Foundation (grant ID: 61917) and Templeton Religion Trust (ref no. TRT−2022−31107)
Health State Utility Values in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review
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To 1) provide a comprehensive summary of the methods used to obtain health state utility values (HSUVs) from children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD), 2) describe the administration and psychometric properties of these methods in children and adolescents with disabilities, and 3) report summary statistics for HSUVs obtained from each method.
Study design:
English-language studies from MEDLINE (via PubMed), PsychInfo, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, EconLit, and Embase, were searched from inception to November 2024. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-texts. Studies were included if they utilized direct or indirect methods to measure HSUVs, reported utilities and/or psychometric properties of these measures, and involved CAD aged 0-19 years. Two reviewers independently extracted study details including sample descriptors, instruments used and summary statistics. Studies quality was assessed using a novel tool derived from three validated checklists.
Results:
Of the 3,541 screened articles, 31 met inclusion criteria. Only two studies used direct methods, such as Time Trade-Off (TTO), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Standard Gamble (SG), while 29 employed generic measures [e.g., EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Health Utilities Index 3 (HUI-3)] with diverse preference elicitation methods. Excessive dependence on proxy respondents was noted, and psychometric properties of generic measures were mixed.
Conclusions:
Inconsistent HSUVs reporting and limited data availability is common. Reported HSUV summary statistics may be inaccurate if methodologies are unsuitable for the population. This review emphasizes the need for validated instruments to assess HSUVs in CAD.This review was supported by a Research Catalyst Award from the Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London and a Researcher Development Fund from the London School of Economics and Political Science
Central venous pressure as a method of optimising atrio-ventricular delay after cardiac surgery
Get PDFData Availability: The data used in this publication can be downloaded from https://github.com/CodingForCardiologists/AVD-CVP-data .Supporting information is available online at: https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Human_participants_research_checklist_/28230346 .Kudos summary is available online at: https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1371%25252Fjournal.pone.0310905/reader .Introduction:
Haemodynamic atrioventricular delay (AVD) optimisation has primarily focussed on signals that are not easy to acquire from a pacing system itself, such as invasive left ventricular catheterisation or arterial blood pressure (ABP). In this study, standard clinical central venous pressure (CVP) signals are tested as a potential alternative.
Methods:
Sixteen patients with a temporary pacemaker after cardiac surgery were studied. AV delay optimisation was performed by alternating between a reference AVD of 120ms and tested settings ranging from 40 to 280ms, with 8 replicates for each setting. Alongside (a) the raw data, three methods of correcting for respiration were tested: (b) limiting analysis to a respiratory cycle, (c) asymmetric least squares (ALS) and (d) discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The utility of a quality control step was tested.
Results:
CVP signals were a mirror image of the systolic ABP signals: The four R values were -0.674, -0.692, -0.631, -0.671 respectively (all p<0.001). With quality control, the mirror image was best for DWT (R = -0.76, p<0.001), with the CVP and ABP optima agreeing well (R = 0.78, p<0.001). The automated quality control signal correctly predicted the gap between the AVD optima calculated from ABP and CVP (R = 0.8, p<0.001).
Conclusions:
Central venous pressure signals could be used to optimise AVD, because they have a reliable inverse relationship with ABP when pacemaker settings undergo protocolised testing. However, protocols need careful design to circumvent spontaneous biological variability.IC is supported by a British Heart Foundation grant (FS/19/73/34690)
Changes in neurotransmitter-related functional connectivity along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
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The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request. The dataset used in this study was collected as part of a project supported by funding from the
European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007e2013) under grant agreement no. 601055, Virtual Physiological Human: DementiA RESearch Enabled by IT (VPH-DARE@IT) to AV and HS.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be associated with early dopamine (DA) dysfunction. However, its effects on neurofunctional alterations in the neurotransmission pathways remain elusive. In this study, PET atlases and functional MRI data for 86 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI), 58 with mild AD dementia and 76 cognitively unimpaired (CU) were combined to investigate connectivity alterations associated with the dopaminergic and cholinergic (ACh) systems. A cross-sectional design was used to compare neurotransmitter-related functional connectivity across groups and associations between functional connectivity and cognitive performance.
The findings show that the AD-dementia group showed a decline in mesocorticolimbic DA-related connectivity in the precuneus but heightened connectivity in the thalamus, whereas the AD-MCI group showed a decline in nigrostriatal connectivity in the left temporal areas. ACh-related connectivity decline was observed in both AD-MCI and AD-dementia primarily in the temporo-parietal areas. Episodic memory scores correlated positively with ACh- and DA-related connectivity in the temporo-parietal cortex and negatively with DA-related FC in the fronto-thalamic areas. This study shows that connectivity alterations in ACh and DA functional pathways parallel cognitive decline in AD and might be a clinically relevant marker in early AD.This work was supported by funding from the Excellent Science 2022 call of the University of Parma under the Fund for the Promotion and Development of the Policies of the National Research Programme awarded to AV. AV and RM are supported by funding obtained under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3 - Call for tender No. 341 of 15/03/2022 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, Project code PE0000006, Concession Decree No. 1553 of 11/10/2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP D93C22000930002, “A multiscale integrated approach to the study of the nervous system in health and disease” (MNESYS)
Rehabilitation using virtual gaming for Hospital and hOMe-Based training for the Upper limb in acute and subacute Stroke (RHOMBUS II): results of a feasibility randomised controlled trial
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Data are available upon reasonable request. Data will be made available on the Figshare data repository.Objective: To investigate the safety, feasibility and acceptability of the Neurofenix platform for upper-limb rehabilitation in acute and subacute stroke.
Design: A feasibility randomised controlled trial with a parallel process evaluation.
Setting: Acute Stroke Unit and participants’ homes (London, UK).
Participants: 24 adults (>18 years), acute and subacute poststroke, new unilateral weakness, scoring 9–25 on the Motricity Index (elbow and shoulder), with sufficient cognitive and communicative abilities to participate.
Interventions: Participants randomised to the intervention or control group on a 2:1 ratio. The intervention group (n=16) received usual care plus the Neurofenix platform for 7 weeks. The control group (n=8) received usual care only.
Outcomes: Safety was assessed through adverse events (AEs), pain, spasticity and fatigue. Feasibility was assessed through training and support requirements and intervention fidelity. Acceptability was assessed through a satisfaction questionnaire. Impairment, activity and participation outcomes were also collected at baseline and 7 weeks to assess their suitability for use in a definitive trial.
Randomisation: Computer-generated, allocation sequence concealed by opaque, sealed envelopes.
Blinding: Participants and assessors were not blinded; statistician blinded for data processing and analysis.
Results: 192 stroke survivors were screened for eligibility, and 24 were recruited and randomised. Intervention group: n=16, mean age 66.5 years; median 9.5 days post stroke. Control group: n=8, mean age 64.6 years; median 17.5 days post stroke. Three participants withdrew before the 7-week assessment, n=21 included in the analysis (intervention group n=15; control group n=6). No significant group differences in fatigue, spasticity, pain scores or total number of AEs. The median (IQR) time to train participants was 98 (64) min over 1–3 sessions. Participants trained with the platform for a median (range) of 11 (1-58) hours, equating to 94 min extra per week. The mean satisfaction score was 34.9 out of 40.
Conclusion: The Neurofenix platform is safe, feasible and well accepted as an adjunct to usual care in acute and subacute stroke rehabilitation. There was a wide range of engagement with the platform in a cohort of stroke survivors which was varied in age and level of impairment. Recruitment, training and support were manageable and completion of data was good, indicating that a future randomised controlled trial would be feasible.
Trial registration number: ISRCTN11440079.This work was supported by The Stroke Association and MedCity grant number SA MC 21\10001
Testing for persistence in German green and brown stock market indices
No full textJEL Classification: C22; G10; Q50......
Beyond personality, attachment, and sociosexuality: How mindset correlates with attitudes and intentions toward infidelity
No full textData availability:
Data and code script are available via https://github.com/tagtarap/mindsetXinfidelity .Electronic supplementary material is avialable online at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-025-07726-x#Sec29 .Mindset tightness-looseness refers to the degree to which individuals adhere to social norms, with tighter mindsets favoring strict adherence and looser mindsets allowing greater flexibility. While this concept has been widely studied at the cultural level, its role in romantic relationships-specifically regarding norms of infidelity-remains underexplored. This study examines whether looser mindsets predict more permissive attitudes and intentions toward infidelity and assesses their predictive value alongside personality traits, sociosexuality, and attachment styles. Two studies were conducted: study one included 178 participants from North America, Western Europe, and South/Southeast Asia, while study two replicated the study with 182 UK-based participants. Participants completed measures assessing mindset tightness-looseness, infidelity attitudes and intentions, and individual difference variables. Hypothesis one posited that individuals with looser mindsets would report more positive attitudes and stronger intentions toward infidelity. Hypothesis two proposed that mindset would add predictive value beyond that which is explained by personality, sociosexuality, and attachment styles, in models predicting attitudes and intentions to cheat. Both studies found that looser mindsets were associated with greater acceptance of infidelity. In both studies, models including mindset demonstrated better fit, when predicting infidelity attitudes, than those which only included personality (conscientiousness and agreeableness), sociosexuality (attitudes and desires to engage in casual sex), and demographic factors (age, gender, and world region). It is less clear if mindset adds clear explanatory value when predicting intentions to engage in infidelity or when models include attachment avoidance as a predictor. Looser mindsets contribute to attitudes and intentions toward infidelity, though their influence depends on other individual traits. These findings suggest that mindset tightness-looseness plays a role in shaping adherence to romantic relationship norms, warranting further research across diverse populations.This research was funded via the corresponding author’s research funds allocated by their institution. No grants or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript
Data sources:
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