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Evidence for exercise-based interventions across 45 different long-term conditions: an overview of systematic reviews
Get PDFData sharing statement:
Data collected for the study will be made available on request to the corresponding author.Supplementary data are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024001780#appsec1 .Background:
Almost half of the global population face significant challenges from long-term conditions (LTCs) resulting in substantive health and socioeconomic burden. Exercise is a potentially key intervention in effective LTC management.
Methods:
In this overview of systematic reviews (SRs), we searched six electronic databases from January 2000 to October 2023 for SRs assessing health outcomes (mortality, hospitalisation, exercise capacity, disability, frailty, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical activity) related to exercise-based interventions in adults (aged >18 years) diagnosed with one of 45 LTCs. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2. International Prospective Resister of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) ID: CRD42022319214.
Findings:
Forty-two SRs plus three supplementary RCTs were included, providing 990 RCTs in 936,825 people across 39 LTCs. No evidence was identified for six LTCs. Predominant outcome domains were HRQoL (82% of SRs/RCTs) and exercise capacity (66%); whereas disability, mortality, physical activity, and hospitalisation were less frequently reported (≤25%). Evidence supporting exercise-based interventions was identified in 25 LTCs, was unclear for 13 LTCs, and for one LTC suggested no effect. No SRs considered multimorbidity in the delivery of exercise. Methodological quality varied: critically-low (33%), low (26%), moderate (26%), and high (12%).
Interpretation:
Exercise-based interventions improve HRQoL and exercise capacity across numerous LTCs. Key evidence gaps included limited mortality and hospitalisation data and consideration of multimorbidity impact on exercise-based interventions.This study was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR; Personalised Exercise-Rehabilitation FOR people with Multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity)—NIHR202020). GOD received additional support from the Medical Research Council (grant ref: MC_UU_00022/1) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (grant ref: SPHSU16)
Test of lepton flavor universality in B<sup>±</sup> → K<sup>±</sup>μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>−</sup> and B<sup>±</sup> → K<sup>±</sup>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>−</sup> decays in proton-proton collisions at √ = 13 TeV
No full textData availability statement:
Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032&filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf&version=2.A test of lepton flavor universality in B± → K±μ+μ− and B± → K±e+e− decays, as well as a measurement of differential and integrated branching fractions of a nonresonant B± → K±μ+μ− decay are presented. The analysis is made possible by a dedicated data set of proton-proton collisions at √ = 13 TeV recorded in 2018, by the CMS experiment at the LHC, using a special high-rate data stream designed for collecting about 10 billion unbiased b hadron decays. The ratio of the branching fractions ( B± → K±μ+μ− ) to ( B± → K±e+e− ) is determined from the measured double ratio R ( K ) of these decays to the respective branching fractions of the B± → J/ψK± with J/ψ → μ+μ− and e+e− decays, which allow for significant cancellation of systematic uncertainties. The ratio (K) is measured in the range 1.1 − 0.23+ 0.47, in agreement with the standard model expectation (K) ≈ 1 . This measurement is limited by the statistical precision of the electron channel. The integrated branching fraction in the same q² range, (B± → K± μ+ μ− ) = (12.42 ± 0.68) × 10⁻⁸ , is consistent with the present world-average value and has a comparable precision.SCOAP³
Analysing the effect of a dynamic physical environment network on the travel dynamics of forcibly displaced persons in Mali
Get PDFData Availability Statement: The exact code used for this work is available here: https://github.com/djgroen/flee/tree/pt-accessibility; All input files are available here: https://github.com/djgroen/FabFlee/tree/aed751fd10333ed4394578f48133b6cb0e733242/config_files/mali-freek; Output files can be generated using the code and input files (see https://flee.readthedocs.io for instructions).Supplementary Materials: Electronic Supplementary Material for this paper is available at: https://www.sciltp.com/journals/ijndi/2024/1/348/s1.As of 2023, the world has approximately 100 million refugees, many of whom have been displaced by violent conflicts. Accurately predicting where these people may go can help non-government organisations (NGOs) and other support organisations to more effectively help these refugees. In this paper, we extend the existing flee migration forecasting model which models migration using intelligent agents with a dynamic network that represents the physical environment. In doing so, we integrate time-dependent data into four different characteristics from three public data sources. We obtain data from aspects such as the slope, drainage, soil and infrastructure, and use these aspects to systematically modify the movement preferences of forcibly displaced agents in the flee model. We showcase our approach by applying it to the 2012 northern Mali conflict. We find that numerous routes previously deemed traversable are actually inaccessible for prolonged periods according to sensor data, and a range of off-road routes are instead traversable for vehicles. We also perform a validation comparison with the original modelling approach, and find that our revised representation of travel routes leads to a reduction of 4.5% in the averaged relative difference. Our approach can be reused in other flee conflict contexts, of which five are present in the EU-funded ITFLOWS project alone. Our work provides the ability to represent a dynamic physical environment and potentially improves the simulation accuracy in a range of flee conflict situations.This work was supported by the ITFLOWS project and the HiDALGO project, both of which have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 882986 and 824115, respectively. In addition, this work was supported by EPSRC under grant agreement EP/W007711/1
Modelling the brittle rock failure by the quaternion-based bonded-particle model in DEM
Get PDFA CC BY or equivalent licence is applied to that at least the Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) arising from this submission, in accordance with the grant's open access conditions. The research data are publicly available online at: https://doi.org/10.17633/rd.brunel.25117811.This paper presents an investigation of brittle rock failure by the quaternion-based bonded-particle model in discrete element method (DEM). Unlike traditional approaches that utilize Euler angles or rotation matrices, this model employs unit quaternions to represent the spatial rotations of particles. This method simplifies the representation of 3D rotations, providing a more intuitive framework for modelling complex interactions in granular materials. The numerical model was validated by the uniaxial compression tests on rock, with good agreement with well-documented experimental data in terms of the rock uniaxial compression strength (UCS) and failure mode. During loading, the rock sample demonstrated a linear-elastic response at an axial strain of smaller than 0.45%. However, as internal bond breakage accumulated, this linear relationship weakened, and the stress-strain curve began to deviate from its initial linear trajectory. The bond breakage and the overall deformation of the rock were primarily controlled by the shear bonding force. The UCS was achieved at an axial strain of 0.625%, at which point the internal shear bonding force chains were predominantly aligned vertically. The brittle failure occurred when the internal damage of solids nucleated to form an interconnected failure plane, accompanied by a sharp rise in the internal damage ratio. The area of failure plane increased with the loading strain rate, gradually transforming the failure pattern from the local damage to a complete fragmentation.This research was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) New Investigator Award (Grant No. EP/V028723/1) and the Royal Society, Sino-British Fellowship Trust International Exchanges Award (No. IES∖R2∖202023)
Search for the lepton flavor violating 3 decay in proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV
No full textA preprint version of this article is available at arXiv:2312.02371v1 [hep-ex, https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02371v1 . Comments: Submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/BPH-21-005 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-BPH-21-005, CERN-EP-2023-249.A search for the lepton flavor violating τ→ 3μ decay is performed using proton-proton collision events at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2017-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 97.7 fb^−1. Tau leptons produced in both heavy-flavor hadron and W boson decays are exploited in the analysis. No evidence for the decay is observed. The results of this search are combined with an earlier null result based on data collected in 2016 to obtain a total integrated luminosity of 131 fb^−1. The observed (expected) upper limits on the branching fraction B(τ→ 3μ) at confidence levels of 90 and 95% are 2.9×10^−8 (2.4×10^−8) and 3.6×10^−8 (3.0×10^−8), respectively.SCOAP³, STFC; Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Gran
Investigating Trainee Perspectives on Virtual Reality Environments: An In-Depth Examination of Immersive Experiences with Haptic Feedback Vibration
Get PDFThis research investigates trainee reflections on Virithin Reality Environments (VREs) within educational training centers, aiming to understand their experiences, perceptions, and preferences. The study focuses on the impact of haptic feedback vibrations, examining both their general effects during VRE interactions and the specific influence of adaptable vibration configurations triggered by user errors. A convenience sample of 81 participants/trainees, 41 from the computer science and 40 from the aviation engineering departments of a major higher education institution in the U.A.E., was used to run four variations of the same VRE, with two from each field. Results indicate that participants largely embraced the VRE experience, reporting feelings of contentment, joy, and competence. Haptic feedback, particularly in non-adaptable forms, was acknowledged as enhancing the immersive experience. However, the study suggests that further research is needed to explore the nuanced role of adaptable vibration, especially in more complex interactions. Notably, participants expressed a preference for a blended approach, advocating for both VREs and physical labs in their training. The study acknowledges limitations, such as the predominantly single-user focus, and recommends future research extensions into collaborative VRE settings, more intricate interactions, and potential technical issues in multi-user scenarios. Overall, this research sheds light on the evolving landscape of educational training, emphasizing the importance of understanding trainee perspectives to optimize the integration of VREs in learning environment
Workplace Wellbeing and Interior Design: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThis research paper is available at DRS Digital Library: https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/drs-conference-papers/drs2024/researchpapers/279/ .This paper offers a systematic review of the literature on workplace wellbeing and interior design, exploring the creation and evaluation of appealing environments that enhance employee wellbeing. This paper adopts a systematic approach to review using the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Multiple databases were searched. The final review included 55 studies out of 472 that examined factors related to workplace wellbeing. The findings of this study suggest that background noise and open-plan workspaces negatively affect workplace wellbeing, while visual connections with plants and natural objects enhance it. This paper extends the current literature in two ways. Firstly, by highlighting key factors that impact workplace wellbeing. Secondly, it divides factors that contribute to workplace wellbeing into three categories: positives, negatives, and moderate impact factors. Design professionals and workplace managers can utilize this information to identify features that contribute most to the overall work environment
Maximizing the survival probability in a cash flow inventory problem with a joint service level constraint
Get PDFThis paper investigates a multi-period stochastic cash flow inventory problem with the aim of maximizing the long-term survival probability, which may be the objective of some retailers especially in periods of economic distress. Demand in each period is stochastic and can be non-stationary. In order to avoid too many lost sales under this objective, we introduce a joint chance constraint requiring the probability of no stockouts during the planning horizon to be higher than a specified service level. We develop a scenario-based model and a sample average approximation (SAA) model to solve the problem. A statistical upper bound on the survival probability based on SAA is provided and we discuss upper and lower bounds for the problem based on stochastic dynamic programming. We also propose a rolling horizon approach with service rate updating to test the out-of-sample performance of the two stochastic models and solve problems with long planning horizons. We test the two methods in large numerical tests and find that the rolling horizon approach together with the stochastic models can solve realistically sized problems in reasonable time.National Natural Science Foundation of China under No. 72101213; China Scholarship Council, China under No. 202106995008
‘Like aid given by a mother to her young’: The British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and the marketing of economic development 1948–1965
Get PDFThis paper locates Britain’s nationalised airline, the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), in the political discourse of colonial development. Between 1939 and 1974 BOAC connected Britain to destinations across the globe for business and leisure. However, the vast majority of people in Britain could scarcely afford the luxury of flight: BOAC had the task of convincing its shareholders, of whom were paying for a product they did not use, that it served an important national purpose. This paper explores BOAC not as an airline, but as a marketer: at the heart of BOAC’s communications was a vision of Britain and its place in the world. It sought to promote its services by using the language of economic development to encourage and justify increased business abroad. In so doing, it shows how BOAC used marketing to justify its operations using political, rather than economic, messages
Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary perspective and future research agenda
Get PDFData Availability Statement: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.Digital transformation has had an unprecedented influence on all sectors of business over the last decade. We are now entering an era characterized by the extensive digital transformation of businesses, society, and consumers. Therefore, digital transformation has become a pivotal focus for organizations across various sectors in recent years. Despite differing scholarly perspectives on the concept and elements of digital transformation, a consensus exists that it significantly impacts consumer decisions and necessitates organizational adaptation. Recent challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic have further accelerated the need for digital transformation and its effects on consumers. This necessitates an editorial perspective on this most important topic to establish future research agenda encompassing the various dimensions of digital transformation. The purpose of this editorial perspective is to review research on digital transformation from a multidisciplinary viewpoint and provide insights into several key domains—Internet-of-Things, social media, mobile apps, artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, the metaverse, and corporate digital responsibility—that are poised to fuel the pace of digital transformation. Each domain is analyzed through a lens of introduction, role, importance, multifaceted impact, and conclusions. Future research directions are suggested
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