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Multi-Center Fetal Brain Tissue Annotation (FeTA) Challenge 2022 Results
Get PDFSegmentation is a critical step in analyzing the developing human fetal brain. There have been vast improvements in automatic segmentation methods in the past several years, and the Fetal Brain Tissue Annotation (FeTA) Challenge 2021 helped to establish an excellent standard of fetal brain segmentation. However, FeTA 2021 was a single center study, limiting real-world clinical applicability and acceptance. The multi-center FeTA Challenge 2022 focused on advancing the generalizability of fetal brain segmentation algorithms for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In FeTA 2022, the training dataset contained images and corresponding manually annotated multi-class labels from two imaging centers, and the testing data contained images from these two centers as well as two additional unseen centers. The multi-center data included different MR scanners, imaging parameters, and fetal brain super-resolution algorithms applied. 16 teams participated and 17 algorithms were evaluated. Here, the challenge results are presented, focusing on the generalizability of the submissions. Both in- and out-of-domain, the white matter and ventricles were segmented with the highest accuracy (Top Dice scores: 0.89, 0.87 respectively), while the most challenging structure remains the grey matter (Top Dice score: 0.75) due to anatomical complexity. The top 5 average Dices scores ranged from 0.81-0.82, the top 5 average 95th percentile Hausdorff distance values ranged from 2.3-2.5mm, and the top 5 volumetric similarity scores ranged from 0.90-0.92. The FeTA Challenge 2022 was able to successfully evaluate and advance generalizability of multi-class fetal brain tissue segmentation algorithms for MRI and it continues to benchmark new algorithms.10.13039/100014013-UK Research and Innovation (Grant Number: FLF (MR/T018119/1));
URPP Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD) Project;
10.13039/501100008494-Vontobel-Stiftung;
Anna M?ller Grocholski Foundation;
10.13039/100010269-Wellcome Trust (Grant Number: Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship (201374/Z/16/Z and /);
10.13039/501100008464-EMDO Stiftung;
Prof. Dr Max Cloetta Foundation;
10.13039/501100001711-Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F?rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Grant Number: SNSF 320030_184932, 205321?182602);
10.13039/501100000266-Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant Number: EP/V034537/1);
10.13039/501100002428-Austrian Science Fund (Grant Number: FWF [P 35189-B], I 3925-B27);
10.13039/501100023312-Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering (Grant Number: WT203148/Z/16/Z);
10.13039/501100001821-Vienna Science and Technology Fund (Grant Number: WWTF [LS20-030]);
10.13039/501100006391-Centre d'Imagerie BioM?dicale;
10.13039/100000002-National Institutes of Health (Grant Number: Human Placenta Project?grant 1U01HD087202?01)
Digital Technology Adoption in the UK Charity Sector
Get PDFReport.Digital technologies, from smartphones to the Internet of Things, have significantly changed lives, organisations, and societies. The UK, a leader in developing future technologies like artificial intelligence, aims to boost its technology ecosystem, which is central to its economic growth as highlighted in the HM Treasury Autumn Statement 2023.
The UK's digital sector, with a gross value added growth of 19% since February 2020, outpaces the overall UK economy's 2.3% growth. By 2022, the sector contributed approximately £158 billion, accounting for 7% of the UK's gross value added as of September 2023. Digital technology has also notably impacted the charity sector, enhancing fundraising, marketing, service delivery, and operations, especially accelerated by COVID-19. Yet, over half of UK charities are still in the early stages of digital adoption, and 73% feel unprepared for AI, despite recognising its potential.
This study explores the opportunities and challenges of digital adoption in the UK charity sector, aiming to understand the facilitators and barriers and offer recommendations for its future digital development
The Effect of Systemic Racism and Homophobia on Police Enforcement and Sexual and Emotional Violence among Sex Workers in East London: Findings from a Cohort Study
Get PDFSynopsis: This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Public Health Research programme under project number 15/55/58, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00673-zThis article reports on one component of the research award A participatory mixed-method evaluation on how removing enforcement could affect sex workers’ safety, health and access to services, in East London. For more information about this research please view the award page https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/15/55/58There is extensive qualitative evidence of violence and enforcement impacting sex workers who are ethnically or racially minoritized, and gender or sexual minority sex workers, but there is little quantitative evidence. Baseline and follow-up data were collected among 288 sex workers of diverse genders (cis/transgender women and men and non-binary people) in London (2018–2019). Interviewer-administered and self-completed questionnaires included reports of rape, emotional violence, and (un)lawful police encounters. We used generalized estimating equation models (Stata vs 16.1) to measure associations between (i) ethnic/racial identity (Black, Asian, mixed or multiple vs White) and recent (6 months) or past police enforcement and (ii) ethnic/racial and sexual identity (lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) vs. heterosexual) with recent rape and emotional violence (there was insufficient data to examine the association with transgender/non-binary identities). Ethnically/racially minoritized sex workers (26.4%) reported more police encounters partly due to increased representation in street settings (51.4% vs 30.7% off-street, p = 0.002). After accounting for street setting, ethnically/racially minoritized sex workers had higher odds of recent arrest (adjusted odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–5.8), past imprisonment (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–5.0), police extortion (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.8), and rape (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1–11.5). LGB-identifying sex workers (55.4%) were more vulnerable to rape (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.2) and emotional violence. Sex workers identifying as ethnically/racially minoritized (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0–4.5), LGB (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–4.0), or who use drugs (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.8) were more likely to have experienced emotional violence than white-identifying, heterosexual or those who did not use drugs. Experience of any recent police enforcement was associated with increased odds of rape (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3–8.4) and emotional violence (aOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–13.0). Findings show how police enforcement disproportionately targets ethnically/racially minoritized sex workers and contributes to increased risk of rape and emotional violence, which is elevated among sexual and ethnically/racially minoritized workers.This publication was funded by the Public Health Research programme as a part of award number 15/55/58
Search for heavy neutral leptons in final states with electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at √ = 13 TeV
Get PDFA version of the article is available at arXiv:2403.00100v2 [hep-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00100). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-22-011 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-EXO-22-011, CERN-EP-2024-032. Journal reference: JHEP 06 (2024) 123. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Thu, 29 Feb 2024 20:06:23 UTC (2,604 KB); [v2] Mon, 1 Jul 2024 00:22:10 UTC (2,606 KB).A search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) of Majorana or Dirac type using proton-proton collision data at √ = 13 TeV is presented. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. Events with three charged leptons (electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons) are selected, corresponding to HNL production in association with a charged lepton and decay of the HNL to two charged leptons and a standard model (SM) neutrino. The search is performed for HNL masses between 10 GeV and 1.5 TeV. No evidence for an HNL signal is observed in data. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are found for the squared coupling strength of the HNL to SM neutrinos, considering exclusive coupling of the HNL to a single SM neutrino generation, for both Majorana and Dirac HNLs. The limits exceed previously achieved experimental constraints for a wide range of HNL masses, and the limits on tau neutrino coupling scenarios with HNL masses above the W boson mass are presented for the first time.SCOAP³
Understanding Mental Health Needs and Predictors of Anxiety in Emirati Female Students in Higher Education
Get PDFThe prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress range between 5% to 70% globally. Many students experience these mental health conditions as they go through transitional periods in life, such as starting higher education. This study aimed to explore mental health concerns, specifically depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of sleep, in Emirati female university students, a topic that has been understudied in the Middle East. We used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess 23 bilingual (Arabic/English) female adolescent Emirati students in the UAE. The data was analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. We found that most participants had normal levels of depression and stress, but over 60% of them had moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. Additionally, a substantial majority reported poor sleep quality. Stress was a significant predictor of anxiety, explaining 53.3% of the variance in anxiety scores. Although other factors influence anxiety, stress seems to be a substantial contributor. This study investigates the pervasive issue of anxiety among adolescent Emirati female students, with stress emerging as a major contributing factor. The preliminary findings underscore the imperative for additional research. Our exploration provides a roadmap for a comprehensive evaluation of mental health concerns within this population, offering valuable insights into potential preventive and intervention strategies that warrant further investigation.The authors have no funding to disclose
Evaluation metrics for intelligent generation of graphical game assets: a systematic survey-based framework
Get PDFSupplemental Items are available online at: DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3398998/mm1 .Generative systems for graphical assets have the potential to provide users with high quality assets at the push of a button. However, there are many forms of assets, and many approaches for producing them. Quantitative evaluation of these methods is necessary if practitioners wish to validate or compare their implementations. Furthermore, providing benchmarks for new methods to strive for or surpass. While most methods are validated using tried-and-tested metrics within their own domains, there is no unified method of finding the most appropriate. We present a framework based on a literature pool of close to 200 papers, that provides guidance in selecting metrics to evaluate the validity and quality of artefacts produced, and the operational capabilities of the method
Joint Radar-Communication Beamforming Considering Both Transceiver Hardware Impairments and Imperfect CSI
Get PDFThis paper studies multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) beamforming designs under different channel uncertainties for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system with hardware impairments. The Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) of radar sensing is minimized by considering the energy and the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) requirements of Internet of Things Devices (IoTDs). Specifically, we first reformulate the CRB by using the Schur complement theorem. To handle the non-convex constraints, we employ the S-procedure and the Bernstein-type inequality for approximation. Subsequently, we adopt the Gaussian randomization algorithm to seek the rank-one optimums. Numerical results indicate that the proposed transmission designs are more robust in the presence of both hardware impairments and imperfect CSI.10.13039/501100015013-National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University (Grant Number: 2023D03
Ensemble learning for optimal cluster estimation
Get PDFThis thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonThis thesis addresses the importance of understanding the underlying
structure of high-dimensional datasets through clustering, considering the
vast amount of unlabelled available content on the internet and electronic
sources. While clustering ensembles have been proposed in the past,
the potential of heuristic search-based ensembles has been relatively unexplored.
The thesis presents a novel computational method that combines
heuristic search and clustering ensembles, focusing on two crucial
issues. Firstly, it establishes a representative solution by effectively subsetting
ensembles. The thesis introduces a Gray code implementation that
maximises the spread across subsets while minimising differences between
them. Secondly, the exhaustive search for the best solution from the representative
pool becomes computationally expensive as the dimension and
volume increase. An alternative approach based on heuristic search is suggested.
This approach evaluates subsets incrementally, similar to the implementation
of Gray code, resulting in significant speed gain. However,
random mutation hill climbing (RMHC) in heuristic search suffers from finding
a suitable solution without guidance, particularly in larger search spaces.
The thesis presents an innovative seeding technique that leverages Fiedler
vector decomposition and minimum spanning tree (MST) to address this
challenge. This technique significantly improves both the quality of solutions
and computational efficiency. The proposed methodology is extensively
evaluated using simulated and benchmark clustering datasets, employing
theoretical and empirical examples. The results demonstrate the
high effectiveness of the proposed approach. The key contributions of this
thesis include the introduction of Gray code subsetting of ensembles, the
incorporation of heuristic-search-based techniques into clustering ensembles,
and the novel improvement in search space convergence through effective
seeding
Computation and Communication Cooperation for Molecular Microvascular Networks
Get PDFMolecular Communication (MC) has attracted significant attention, however, its application is limited due to the lack of computing capacity. Inspired by the concept of Over-the-Air Computation (AirComp), this paper pioneers a computational model for MC within microvascular networks. In this model, the root node acts as a receiver, while other nodes serve as transmitters, employing the microvascular network as a communication medium to directly receive the sum of transmitted information, thereby achieving computational functions in MC. Our model establishes a breakthrough framework, offering guidance for executing computational tasks within MC. Through simulation experiments, we assess our model in terms of computational error rates, thereby demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness
Supersonic technology for natural gas dehydration
No full textNatural gas (NG) dehydration is the initial process that takes place before transportation and utilization. Conventionally, this process includes the application of chemicals or using industrial units which are bulky, energy-intensive, and expensive to run. Supersonic separation is a novel technology that can dehydrate the gas and set the water dew point, thereby decreasing the likelihood of hydrate formation during the transmission and transportation. It can provide several advantages compared to conventional methods, such as Joule-Thompson valves and turboexpanders, ethylene glycol distillation, and membranes for NG dehydration. In this chapter, the supersonic technology is presented and reviewed for NG dehydration. The process of NG dehydration is compared with other cooling separation technologies. The history and development of this technology from the late 90s are also reviewed. Moreover, different manufacturers of this technology are introduced, and other applications of this technology for NG dehydration are presented. The supersonic nozzle and the main component of supersonic separation are demonstrated and schematically presented too. Finally, the main designs and their features are introduced and compared, and outlooks to improve this technology for NG dehydration will be given
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