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Muon identification using multivariate techniques in the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV
No full textAn arXiv ePrint: arXiv:2310.03844v2 [hep-ex], is available online at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.03844v2 . Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/MUO-22-001 (CMS Public Pages)The identification of prompt and isolated muons, as well as muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays, is an important task. We developed two multivariate techniques to provide highly efficient identification for muons with transverse momentum greater than 10 GeV. One provides a continuous variable as an alternative to a cut-based identification selection and offers a better discrimination power against misidentified muons. The other one selects prompt and isolated muons by using isolation requirements to reduce the contamination from nonprompt muons arising in heavy-flavour hadron decays. Both algorithms are developed using 59.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions data at a centre-of-mass energy of √(s)=13 TeV collected in 2018 with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC.SCOAP3
Two-particle Bose-Einstein correlations and their Lévy parameters in PbPb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
No full textA preprint version of this article is available at arXiv:2306.11574v2 [nucl-ex], https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11574v2 . Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-21-011 (CMS Public Pages).Report number: CMS-HIN-21-011, CERN-EP-2023-094Two-particle Bose–Einstein momentum correlation functions are studied for charged-hadron pairs in lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN = 5.02 TeV. The data sample, containing 4.27 × 10^9 minimum bias events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb^−1, was collected by the CMS experiment in 2018. The experimental results are discussed in terms of a Lévy-type source distribution. The parameters of this distribution are extracted as functions of particle pair average transverse mass and collision centrality. These parameters include the Lévy index or shape parameter α, the Lévy scale parameter
R, and the correlation strength parameter λ. The source shape, characterized by α, is found to be neither Cauchy nor Gaussian, implying the need for a full Lévy analysis. Similarly to what was previously found for systems characterized by Gaussian source radii, a hydrodynamical scaling is observed for the Lévy
R parameter. The λ parameter is studied in terms of the core-halo model.SCOAP3
Hunter-Gatherer Children’s Close-Proximity Networks: Similarities and differences with cooperative and communal breeding systems.
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Processed data that support the findings of this study are available here: https://osf.io/n4b9e/Supplementary material:
The supplementary material for this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.1 .Among vertebrates, allomothering (non-maternal care) is classified as cooperative breeding (help from sexually mature non-breeders, usually close relatives) or communal breeding (shared care between multiple breeders who are not necessarily related). Humans have been described with both labels, most frequently as cooperative breeders. However, few studies have quantified the relative contributions of allomothers according to whether they are (a) sexually mature and reproductively active and (b) related or unrelated. We constructed close-proximity networks of Agta and BaYaka hunter–gatherers. We used portable remote-sensing devices to quantify the proportion of time children under the age of 4 spent in close proximity to different categories of potential allomother. Both related and unrelated, and reproductively active and inactive, campmates had substantial involvement in children's close-proximity networks. Unrelated campmates, siblings and subadults were the most involved in both populations, whereas the involvement of fathers and grandmothers was the most variable between the two populations. Finally, the involvement of sexually mature, reproductively inactive adults was low. Where possible, we compared our findings with studies of other hunter–gatherer societies, and observed numerous consistent trends. Based on our results we discuss why hunter–gatherer allomothering cannot be fully characterised as cooperative or communal breeding.Leverhulme Trust (ABM, grant number RP2011-R-045). DM-S was also supported by the John Templeton Foundation (grant ID: 61917)
Financing sustainability: How environmental disclosures shape bank lending decisions in emerging markets
Get PDFJEL Classification: G21; G32; O31; M41.As global awareness of environmental responsibilities intensifies, the significance of corporate Environmental information disclosure (EID) in decision-making becomes increasingly prominent. However, its influence on bank lending decisions, especially in emerging markets like China, remains debated. Using 27,095 firm-year observations between 2008 and 2020, this study examines the impact of both voluntary and mandatory EID on bank lending decisions. Findings indicate that banks incorporate EID into their lending decisions, offering favorable bank loan terms, both in terms of size and costs to firms with strong EID. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we employ propensity score matching and a difference-in-difference methodology grounded in China's newly amended Environmental Protection Law, with consistent results across both tests. Our research identifies two possible economic mechanisms to explain why EID influences bank loan features: EID's potential to reduce firm-specific risks and its alignment with local governmental incentives for green finance. Furthermore, our research suggests that voluntary EID, previously overlooked, proves more valuable than mandatory EID. We also find that the effectiveness of EID relies on banks' evaluations of the firm's sincerity and incentives behind the disclosure. Banks show a preference for voluntary EID from firms with minimal adverse selection concerns and mandatory EID from those highly motivated to disclose voluntarily. Moreover, we identify a synergy between EID and bank loans in fostering green innovation. This research not only bridges gaps in the existing bank financing literature but also offers insights into how EID can drive sustainable economic activities in developing economies.Chongqing Social Science Project. Grant Number: 2023BS021;
Humanities and Social Science Projects of Chongqing Education Commission. Grant Number: 23SKGH188;
Humanities and Social Science Research Launch Project of Chongqing Technology and Business University. Grant Number: 2255034
Research on Self-adaptive Reinforcement Plug-in of Prefabricated Concrete Component Based on BIM
Get PDFPrefabricated concrete structure has the advantages of faster construction, labor saving, pollution reduction, and enhanced quality. It has been more widely adopted in recent years, but the cost is usually higher at its design or pre-construction stages due to component disassembly and detailed design. Building information modeling (BIM) could improve the design efficiency and reduce design cost, hence promoting the development of prefabricated buildings. However, due to the complexity of reinforcement modeling, existing BIM authoring tools still have low operation efficiency. Even though the latest technologies can achieve rapid reinforcement modeling, it often fails to realize the adaptive adjustment of reinforcement. In the case of changes in prefabricated components, the internal reinforcement needs to be remodeled, with reduced efficiency and increased the risk of errors. Therefore, this research proposes a self-adaptive reinforcement plug-in based on Autodesk Revit for prefabricated concrete components. The research achieved fast modeling and adaptive reinforcement. Firstly, the parametric modeling of column, beam and slab components was completed by using Excel to drive family parameters. Then, by adopting the Revit Application Program Interface (API), programming language C# and programming platform Visual Studio (VS), the secondary development within Revit achieved the rapid adaptive configuration of reinforcement. At the same time, the user interface was developed based on Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), and the Ribbon function was adopted to expand the Revit function area to realize the visual regulation of key parameters of reinforcement, such as the reinforced type, cover thickness, spacing, and reinforcement ratio, etc. Finally, the program was developed by integrating different modules and plug-ins were established. A typical prefabricated frame structure office building was used as a case study to test the self-adaptive reinforcement plug-in. The results showed that the modeling efficiency of the developed plug-in was nearly 3 times higher than that of manual modeling. After changing the section size parameters of the members, the reinforcement could successfully achieve self-adaptive adjustment, hence significantly saving the modeling steps and time. The developed self-adaptive reinforcement plug-in contributed to the fully interoperable and multi-disciplinary coordination in prefabricated building design.Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2021M690264 and 2021T140031); State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials (Grant No.SKWL-2021KF10); Youth Talent Cultivation Program of Jiangsu University
Implementation of Additive Manufacturing in the Healthcare Supply Chain for Circular Economy Goals: Paradoxical Tensions and Solutions from an Industry 5.0 Perspective
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The original dataset is available on request.This study addresses the paradoxical tensions that arise during additive manufacturing (AM) implementation for circular economy goals in the healthcare sector. Using the lens of paradox theory, this study identifies four competing priorities that stakeholders may encounter while adopting AM. Focus group discussions among 12 industry experts from the healthcare supply chain were conducted to verify the paradoxes. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with 10 industry experts to derive the solutions to manage these tensions from an Industry 5.0 perspective to achieve the full benefits of AM. This study expands paradox theory into the AM literature and provides a novel ‘both/and’ perspective (i.e. a pluralistic rather than a dualistic perspective) to look at emerging tensions encountered while implementing AM in the healthcare sector. This perspective will help decision-makers realise that these tensions can be managed over time to turn them into creative, rather than destructive, forces
Shipping cost uncertainty, endogenous regime switching and the global drivers of inflation
Get PDFJEL classification: C13; E31; E37.The recent Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted global supply chains and led to large increases in shipping costs. This paper first provides shipping cost mean and uncertainty measures by using the endogenous regime switching model with dynamic feedback and interactions developed by Chang et al. (2023). The uncertainty indicator measures overall risk in the shipping market and is shown to represent a useful addition to the existing set of economic and financial uncertainty indices. Both the shipping cost mean and uncertainty measures are then included in structural VAR models for the US, the UK and the euro area to examine the pass-through to headline CPI, core CPI, PPI and import price inflation vis-à-vis other global and domestic shocks. The results suggest that shipping cost uncertainty shocks have sizeable effects on all inflation measures and are characterised by a stronger pass-through than that of other domestic or global shocks. Unlike the latter, they also affect significantly core CPI inflation. These findings imply that shipping cost mean and uncertainty should also be considered by policymakers when assessing the global drivers of inflation
Figures Outside a Dacha, with Snowfall, and an Abbey in the Background Maxpatch
No full textZip file (1.89 MB) containing Maxpat and Pat computer music files, and text files.This program is a custom-built performance instrument created in the Max environment for a new composition by Dr Steven Daverson, Figures Outside a Dacha, with Snowfall, and an Abbey in the Background, designed for real-time sound manipulation and spatialization during live performances. Its standout features include the ability to spatialize a significant number of individual audio sources, strategic speaker placement throughout the concert hall, and integration of Ircam's Spat5 technology. Developed to facilitate live, on-the-fly interaction with its various modules, the program supports dynamic interpretation and improvisation during performances
A data extraction template for the behaviour change intervention ontology
Get PDFUnderlying data:
Open Science Framework: Human Behaviour-Change Project. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EFP4X (West et al., 2023b).
Extended data
This project contains the following extended data:
Pilot 1 of BCIO data extraction template (https://osf.io/c89fv)
Pilot 2 of BCIO data extraction template (https://osf.io/ntbce)
BCIO data extraction template v1 (https://osf.io/x6afp)
Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0).This article is included in Human Behaviour-Change Project collectionVersion 1; peer review: 2 approved.Background:
The Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO) aims to improve the clarity, completeness and consistency of reporting within intervention descriptions and evidence synthesis. However, a recommended method for transparently annotating intervention evaluation reports using the BCIO does not currently exist. This study aimed to develop a data extraction template for annotating using the BCIO.
Methods:
The BCIO data extraction template was developed in four stages: i) scoping review of papers citing component ontologies within the BCIO, ii) development of a draft template, iii) piloting and revising the template, and iv) dissemination and maintenance of the template.
Results:
A prototype data extraction template using Microsoft Excel was developed based on BCIO annotations from 14 papers. The ‘BCIO data extraction template v1’ was produced following piloting and revision, incorporating a facility for user feedback.
Discussion:
This data extraction template provides a single, accessible resource to extract all necessary characteristics of behaviour change intervention scenarios. It can be used to annotate the presence of BCIO entities for evidence synthesis, including systematic reviews. In the future, we will update this template based on feedback from the community, additions of newly published ontologies within the BCIO, and revisions to existing ontologies.This work was supported by Wellcome through a collaborative award to the Human Behaviour-Change Project [201524]
The Lifetime Health and Economic Burden of Smokeless Tobacco use in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan: Results From ASTRAMOD
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The data that were used in the ASTRAMOD model are provided in various appendices under the Supplementary Materials. The corresponding author can be contacted for any future adaptation of ASTRAMOD.Supplementary data are available online at: https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/27/4/684/7666810#supplementary-data .Introduction:
Under the current policy landscapes, the lifetime health and economic burden of smokeless tobacco (ST) products, consumed by over 297 million ST users in South Asia, is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the lifetime health effects and costs attributable to current and future ST use in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan where the majority of ST users live.
Aims and Methods:
We developed a Markov-based state-transition model (ASTRAMOD) to predict the lifetime costs of treatment of four diseases (oral, pharyngeal, esophageal cancers, and stroke) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), attributable to the current and future use of ST under existing ST policy scenario. Country-specific Global Adult Tobacco Surveys, life tables, and meta-analyses of South Asian and South East Asian studies were used to populate the model. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis evaluated the uncertainty in model predictions.
Results:
If there were no change in the current ST policies, the lifetime ST-attributable treatment costs would be over US1.5 billion in Bangladesh, and over US7–21 on healthcare spending if ST policies were changed to eliminate ST use.
Conclusions:
Policy interventions aimed at decreasing the uptake of ST and increasing quitting success have the potential to substantially decrease the economic and health burden of ST.
Implications:
This study provides the most comprehensive estimates of the lifetime health and economic burden of ST by 5-year age and sex cohorts. This is also the first study that highlights the scale of health and economic burden of ST in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan if there were no changes in the current ST policies. Policymakers and practitioners can use the reported data to justify their decisions to improve current ST policies and practices in their country. Researchers can use the ASTRAMOD methodology to estimate the impact of future ST policy changes.NIHR [Grant Number: 17/63/76] using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research
Data sources:
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