30793 research outputs found
Sort by
Secure MIMO Communication Relying on Movable Antennas
Get PDFA preprint version of the article is available at arXiv:2403.04269v1 [cs.IT], https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.04269 . It has not been certified by peer review.This paper considers a movable antenna (MA)-aided secure multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system consisting of a base station (BS), a legitimate information receiver (IR) and an eavesdropper (Eve), where the BS is equipped with MAs to enhance the system's physical layer security (PLS). Specifically, we aim to maximize the secrecy rate (SR) by jointly optimizing the transmit precoding (TPC) matrix, the artificial noise (AN) covariance matrix and the MAs' positions under the constraints of the maximum transmit power and the minimum spacing between MAs. To solve this non-convex problem with highly coupled optimization variables, the block coordinate descent (BCD) method is applied to alternately update the variables. Specifically, we first reformulate the SR into a tractable form, and derive the optimal TPC matrix and the AN covariance matrix with fixed MAs' positions by applying the Lagrangian multiplier method in semi-closed forms. Then, the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm is employed to iteratively optimize each MA's position while keeping others fixed. We also extend the above work to a more general multicast scenario. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the significant advantages of the MAs over conventional fixed position antennas (FPAs) in enhancing system's security.Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University (Grant Number: 2024A03);
10.13039/501100012226-Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Number: 2242022k60001)
The Neoliberal City, Democracy and Participation
Get PDFThis paper outlines some characteristics of neoliberalism and examines their impact upon the city and upon democracy and participation in urban spaces. The paper first maps out some themes of neoliberal ideals. Following this, and focusing in particular on the United Kingdom, it explores how neoliberalism has embedded itself in cities. The paper then discusses how neoliberalism employs a language of democracy and participation in order to draw people into its orbit. Four interrelated strategies are mapped out to demonstrate how neoliberalism achieves these goals. The final substantive section argues that counter-neoliberal strategies can be forged by ordinary community members in and against neoliberalism. The article concludes with some final thoughts
Temporary Pacing Simulator: A Training Tool for Clinicians
Get PDFData Availability Statement:
https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15383573 (accessed on 1 December 2024).Supplementary Materials:
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15020573/s1, Video S1: Demonstration video of the temporary cardiac pacing simulator interface .Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death, impacting nations worldwide. Despite medical advancements, managing patients who require temporary pacing (TP) after cardiac surgery remains challenging. TP devices are essential for stabilizing patients with unstable arrhythmias or post-surgical complications but demand manual adjustments and precise clinician management, unlike permanent pacemakers. There is an urgent need for improved TP training and standardisation, hindered by a lack of formal guidelines and adequate protocols. Existing simulators often omit crucial haemodynamic parameters and complex clinical scenarios, limiting their effectiveness. This paper introduces an advanced Temporary Cardiac Pacing Simulator (TCPS) that provides comprehensive physiological signals and complex scenarios for realistic training. It simulates various pacing modes—atrial, ventricular, and dual-chamber—while modeling pacing failures and haemodynamic changes. Sophisticated algorithms replicate clinical responses, offering real-time feedback and dynamic visualizations to enhance learning. Additionally, an innovative feature optimises atrioventricular (AV) delay settings, crucial for improving patient outcomes in both acute and postoperative care.This research was funded by British Heart Foundation grant number FS/19/73/34690
Description, difference and history, in Melanesia, for example
Get PDFData Availability Statement: Data openly available in a public repository that issues datasets with DOIs.This article is about the relationship between common history and specific cultures. Specifically, it seeks a resolution to the ongoing problem of which of these should be given logical priority in anthropology— that is, which should be given the status of first cause. This problem is exemplified in the 1990s debate between proponents of the so-called ‘New Melanesian Ethnography’ and those of the ‘New Melanesian History’. Thinking through the Parliament House sculptures controversy that erupted in Papua New Guinea in 2013, we draw an analogy between the work of Marilyn Strathern and Dipesh Chakrabarty to argue that difference can be located in practices of description. Drawing on the ideas of Elizabeth Anscombe and Ian Hacking, we suggest that descriptive practices are inextricably linked with intentional actions—that is, intentional actions exist ‘under a description’. On this basis, we argue that neither culture nor history can be a first cause, since both are created by specific descriptive practices—history and ethnography as accounts of the world, for example, but also indigenous accounts embodied in state-building, Pentecostal Christianity, or gift exchange. We close by suggesting how anthropologists might allow the times and differences of others to flourish in their own descriptive practices and avoid the kind of metaphysical impasse that marked Melanesian studies in the 1990s
Explaining Deep Learning Models for COVID-19 Detection with Grad-CAM and Novel Use of PCA
Get PDFMachine learning and more specifically deep learning has achieved remarkable results in a range of computer vision tasks such as classification. Despite this, their black-box nature means researchers are largely unable to explain and interpret the decisions these systems make. Researchers use various techniques to explain deep learning classification models, e.g. Class Activation Maps (CAM) and Gradient Weighted Class Activation Maps (Grad-CAM) which produce heat maps of the input image highlighting the regions that contribute most to the model's decision. In this paper we present a novel technique based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to explain deep learning model decisions at a higher level, with results similar to those produced by Grad-CAM. This technique is applied directly to our dataset of COVID-19 blood test images, and we compare the PCA results with Grad-CAM using the convolutional neural network model we developed using the same dataset. As the PCA is applied to the dataset directly, no deep learning model needs to be trained allowing for faster and simpler computation than techniques such as Grad-CAM while producing similar explanation results. The results indicated that the reconstructed PCA map using the first two principal components and Grad-CAM have a similarity score of 85.7% and 71.4% respectively for COVID-19 positive and negative images, with an average similarity score of 78.6%
Aligning the approach to staff and student experiences within higher education: A need for compassion and community
Get PDFThe aim of this paper considers the current landscape in Higher Education (HE), specifically around the area of increased stress and anxiety. It addresses the role that community and compassion can play in alleviating these symptoms. In doing so, it will propose responses to the high levels of emotional burnout seen in HE recently. It argues that nurturing a sense of belonging lies at the heart of these factors and that for many institutions this will require a cultural shift which refocuses its attention on staff mental health as well as student mental health, and on staff experience as well as student experience. Approaches to staff and student experiences are a recurrent feature of the article and have previously been separated within policy and practice leading to a chasm within the HE community. Ultimately, a conclusion is drawn, that the development of a holistic approach will help to mend this rift and create a more compassionate community. Furthermore, the element self-compassion and sense of work-life balance must be supported institutionally with decisions being made through a compassionate lens
Creative industries research and innovation: Views from the United Kingdom and China regarding a future hub
Get PDFPublished online: 27 Jun 2024.Conversations:
Hua Dong with Hasan Bakhshi; Hua Dong with Daniel Brooker; Yinya You with Nick Bryan-Kinns; Yinya You with Yujia Huang; Weining Ning with Jun Wang.
These conversation pieces focus on the UK-China arts and creative industries research and innovation hub proposal. They explore the opportunities and challenges of collaboration between the two nations, and roles and functions of the future hub. The conversations took the form of a semi-structured interview with individuals from industry, academy, think tank, and the government.This conversation piece focuses on the UK–China Creative Industries Research and Innovation Hub project. It explores the opportunities and challenges of collaboration between the two nations, and roles and functions of the future hub. The conversation took the form of a semi-structured interview with individuals from industry, academy, think tank and the government, from both the United Kingdom and China.This study was supported by the UK’s Arts and Humanities Research Council, AHRC SEED Fellowship (Award AH/Y000722/1)
A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Models
Get PDFThis review examines the means with which faithfulness has been evaluated across open-ended summarization, question-answering and machine translation tasks. We find that the use of LLMs as a faithfulness evaluator is commonly the metric that is most highly correlated with human judgement. The means with which other studies have mitigated hallucinations is discussed, with both retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and prompting framework approaches having been linked with superior faithfulness, whilst other recommendations for mitigation are provided. Research into faithfulness is integral to the continued widespread use of LLMs, as unfaithful responses can pose major risks to many areas whereby LLMs would otherwise be suitable. Furthermore, evaluating open-ended generation provides a more comprehensive measure of LLM performance than commonly used multiple-choice benchmarking, which can help in advancing the trust that can be placed within LLMs.This work has been funded by the European Union
Heart of the future home: a multidimensional model of inclusive kitchen for older people in the UK
Get PDFData availability:
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.With the development of smart technology and aging societies, the living and housing environments for older people are undergoing transformation. Designers must understand the changing capabilities, lifestyles, preferences, and inspirations of older people for their future homes, in which the kitchen is seen as the heart. To gain a deeper understanding of the requirements of older people in promoting healthier lifestyles and inclusive daily practices, the authors identified five key factors of kitchen design through a literature review, developing an initial model. Subsequently, a focus group was conducted in the UK to explore the perspectives and expectations of older people, where metaphors for future kitchens were collected, and further insights were used to refine the model. The refined model for a future-inclusive kitchen encompasses six dimensions: Environment/space, Technology/interaction, Emotion/affect, Health and safety, Human factors and well-being, and Sustainability. Through using metaphors, this study offers a multidimensional lens to investigate the future user experience of inclusive kitchens. The significance of this study lies in the originality of combining a literature review, and user study with design metaphors. A future-proof inclusive kitchen design model is proposed to provide guidance for future design directions of age-friendly environments.This research was supported by the National Social Science Foundation Project of Art “The Study of the Comprehensive Development Trends of Industrial Design in China from a Sociological Perspective” (NO.20BG129), “Postgraduate Research & PracticeInnovation Program of Jiangsu Province” (NO. KYCX23_2431), and “CHINA SCHOLARSHIP COUNCIL” (NO.202206790035). This work was also supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”
Mobilising new frontiers in digital transformation research: A problematization review
Get PDFData Availability Statement; The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.In this paper, we mobilise new frontiers in digital transformation (DT) research by deconstructing the literature's underlying assumptions and analysing their correspondence with current theory. To do so, we conduct a problematization review across the fields of IS, strategy and entrepreneurship, organisation theory and management studies, to capture the multidimensionality of DT research. Unlike systematic literature reviews commonly found in DT research, a problematization review critically questions how theoretical contributions have been constructed in past research to develop novel theoretical questions. Our findings offer three contributions. First, we uncover five research trajectories, each with its own in-house assumptions about the nature of digital technologies and how organisations, groups and individuals interact with those technologies and the data they generate. Second, we show how individual studies within the identified research trajectories position themselves against prior research, pointing at six distinct processes of constructing theoretical contributions. Finally, we mobilise new frontiers of research by questioning DT research field assumptions that cut across the five research trajectories. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our problematization review for further DT research
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇