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Cross-Block Sparse Class Token Contrast for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation
No full textMost existing Vision Transformer-based frameworks for weakly supervised semantic segmentation utilize class activation maps to generate pseudo masks. Although it mitigates the class-agnostic issue, this approach still suffers from misclassification and noise in segmentation results. To overcome these limitations, we propose an attention-based framework named Cross-block Sparse Class Token Contrast (CB-SCTC), which incorporates Dynamic Sparse Attention module (DSA) and Cross-block Class Token Contrast scheme (CB-CTC). Specifically, the proposed Cross-block Class Token Contrast scheme forces diversity between the final class tokens by learning from the lower similarity of the class tokens in the relatively shallower blocks. Moreover, the Dynamic Sparse Attention module is designed to post-process the output from the softmax function in the attention mechanism to reduce noise. Extensive experiments prove the proposed framework is a valid alternative to class activation maps. Our framework demonstrates competitive mIoU scores on the PASCAL VOC 2012(val:75.5%, test:75.2%) and MS COCO 2014 dataset(val:46.9%). Our code is available at https://github.com/Jingfeng-Tang/CB-SCTC.10.13039/501100001809-National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 62372215 and 61972183);
10.13039/501100008668-Special Fund Project of Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan (Grant Number: BE2022781)
From ‘girlboss’ to #stayathomegirlfriend: The romanticisation of domestic labour on TikTok
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Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, romanticised depictions of domestic work have proliferated on social media sites. In particular, the increasingly popular TikTok platform is replete with images of domestic labour centred on repetitive routines, catharsis and feminine aesthetics. The #stayathomegirlfriend trend exemplifies this phenomenon. Rooted in tradwife ideology, which advocates a ‘return’ to a male breadwinner model of domesticity, the #stayathomegirlfriend aesthetic espouses a romantic ideal of feminine domesticity as an escape from the ‘double shift’ and represents a backlash to popular feminism’s failed injunction to ‘lean in’. Under this trend, domestic labour is romanticised as an aesthetically pleasing self-care practice for a generation who have watched their mothers suffer through the grind of the neoliberal labour market, and who are themselves incited to become a ‘girlboss’ to survive it. Through a thematic analysis of popular videos under this hashtag trend, this article reveals that stay-at-home girlfriends unwittingly mimic the popular feminist doctrine of ‘empowerment’ through their depictions of domestic self-care and channel ‘girlboss’ culture through their work as social media influencers. Thus, despite purporting to reject popular feminism’s celebration of the ‘girlboss’ and repurpose tradwife ideology for Generation Z, stay-at-home girlfriends accomplish neither: subjugating themselves within the ‘double shift’ and denying the value of their own labour on both fronts.This work was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council as part of the Techne Doctoral Training Partnership [Training Grant reference number AH/ R01275X/1]
Introduction
Get PDFThe International BCS Human-Computer Interaction Conference in 2024 was supported by the BCS Interactions Special Interest Group and hosted by the University of Central Lancashire in Preston. The BCS HCI Conference welcomed submissions on all aspects of human-computer interaction. Topics included: user experience (UX), usability testing, interaction design (IxD), human-centred AI (HCAI), education, health, sustainability, the Internet of Things (IoT), interaction technologies, and emerging interactive applications.Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC)
Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons in the bb̅bb̅ final state using large-area jets in proton-proton collisions at √ = 13 TeV
Get PDFA version of the article is available at arXiv:2407.13872v2 [hep-ex (https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.13872). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-20-004 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-B2G-20-004, CERN-EP-2024-030. Journal reference: JHEP 02 (2025) 040. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Thu, 18 Jul 2024 19:37:51 UTC (512 KB); [v2] Mon, 24 Feb 2025 18:12:33 UTC (517 KB).Data Availability Statement: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use, and open access policy (https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032&filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf&version=2).Code Availability Statement: The CMS core software is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/cms-sw/cmssw).A search is presented for the resonant production of a pair of standard model-like Higgs bosons using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. The final state consists of two b quark-antiquark pairs. The search is conducted in the region of phase space where at least one of the pairs is highly Lorentz-boosted and is reconstructed as a single large-area jet. The other pair may be either similarly merged or resolved, the latter reconstructed using two b-tagged jets. The data are found to be consistent with standard model processes and are interpreted as 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions of the spin-0 radion and the spin-2 bulk graviton that arise in warped extradimensional models. The limits set are in the range 9.74–0.29 fb and 4.94–0.19 fb for a narrow radion and a graviton, respectively, with masses between 1 and 3 TeV. For a radion and for a bulk graviton with widths 10% of their masses, the limits are in the range 12.5–0.35 fb and 8.23–0.23 fb, respectively, for the same masses. These limits result in the exclusion of a narrow-width graviton with a mass below 1.2 TeV, and of narrow and 10%-width radions with masses below 2.6, and 2.9 TeV, respectively.SCOAP³
Contributions of transcriptional noise to leukaemia evolution: KAT2A as a case-study
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This article has no additional data.Declaration of AI use:
We have not used AI-assisted technologies in creating this article.Footnotes:
One contribution of 10 to a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease’ [see: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb/379/1900].Transcriptional noise is proposed to participate in cell fate changes, but contributions to mammalian cell differentiation systems, including cancer, remain associative. Cancer evolution is driven by genetic variability, with modulatory or contributory participation of epigenetic variants. Accumulation of epigenetic variants enhances transcriptional noise, which can facilitate cancer cell fate transitions. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with strong epigenetic dependencies, characterized by blocked differentiation. It constitutes an attractive model to probe links between transcriptional noise and malignant cell fate regulation. Gcn5/KAT2A is a classical epigenetic transcriptional noise regulator. Its loss increases transcriptional noise and modifies cell fates in stem and AML cells. By reviewing the analysis of KAT2A-depleted pre-leukaemia and leukaemia models, I discuss that the net result of transcriptional noise is diversification of cell fates secondary to alternative transcriptional programmes. Cellular diversification can enable or hinder AML progression, respectively, by differentiation of cell types responsive to mutations, or by maladaptation of leukaemia stem cells. KAT2A-dependent noise-responsive genes participate in ribosome biogenesis and KAT2A loss destabilizes translational activity. I discuss putative contributions of perturbed translation to AML biology, and propose KAT2A loss as a model for mechanistic integration of transcriptional and translational control of noise and fate decisions.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease’.No specific funding for this study. Work in the Pina lab is funded by the Lady Tata Memorial Trust, by the Little Princess Trust through the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group, and by an MRC Pilot Scheme / Brunel University London Research Development Fund award
Personal protective measures and settings on the risk of SARS-COV-2 community transmission: a case-control study
Get PDFA preprint of this article is available on SSRN at https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4395325. It has not been certified by peer review.Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, nurses of primary health care has been an important role in Spain. Even so, the data obtained in the tracing have been scarcely used to investigate the possible mechanisms of transmission. Few studies focused on community transmission, evaluating the effectiveness of individual protective measures and exposure environment. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the association between individual protective measures and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community and to compare secondary attack rates in different exposure settings.
Methods: A case-control study from contact tracing of SARS-CoV-2 index patients. COVID-19 contact tracing was led by nurses at the COVID-19 Coordinating Centre in Majorca (Spain). During the systematic tracing, additional information for this study was collected from the index patient (social-demographic variables, symptoms, the number of close contacts). And also, the following variables from their close contacts: contact place, ventilation characteristics mask-wearing, type of mask, duration of contact, shortest distance, case-contact relationship, household members, and handwashing, the test result for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic. Close contacts with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were classified as "cases" and those negative as "controls".
Results: A total of 1,778 close contacts from 463 index patients were identified. No significant differences were observed between the sexes but between age groups. Overall Secondary Attack Rate (SAR) was 24.0% (95% CI: 22.0%-26.0%), 36.9% (95% CI: 33.2%-40.6%) in closed spaces without ventilation and 50.7% (95% CI: 45.6%-55.8%) in exposure time >24 hours. A total of 49.2% of infections occurred among household members. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that open-air setting (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27-0.71), exposure for less than 1 hour (OR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.11-0.32), and wearing a mask (OR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85) had a protective effect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community.
Conclusions: Ventilation of the space, mask-wearing and shorter exposure time were associated with a lower risk of transmission in the community. The data obtained allowed an assessment of community transmission mechanisms and could have helped to improve and streamline tracing by identifying close contacts at higher risk.Royal College of Nurses from the Balearic Islands (Ref.: 2021-0564); Florence Nightingale fellowship program, Royal College of Nurses from the Balearic Islands and the Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands
PublicVR: a virtual reality exposure therapy intervention for adults with speech anxiety
Get PDFAvailability of data. The data from this study are available from the
corresponding author on reasonable request.Code availability. The code of this study is available from the corresponding
author on reasonable request.Consent to participate:
Informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study.Speech anxiety, or Glossophobia, currently affects approximately 75% of the population with potentially severe negative effects on those with this condition. There are several treatments currently available with research showing that the use of Virtual Reality (VR) as a non-pharmacologic treatment can have positive effects on individuals suffering from such social phobias. However, there is a significant lack of treatments currently available for speech anxiety, even though such a large number of the population are affected by it. In this paper, we aim to contribute to efforts to improve the effects of speech anxiety through a VR intervention. Our VR solution was designed following the Exposure Therapy approach for treating social anxiety disorders. The evaluation of this work was twofold: A. to assess the ability of our solution to positively change participants’ perception of factors related to non-verbal communication contributing to anxiety toward public speaking, and B. to determine whether it is able to induce a sense of presence. We carried out an empirical evaluation study that measured participants’ self-reported anxiety level towards public speaking using the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety and their perceived sense of presence using the iGroup Presence Questionnaire. Our results demonstrate the potential of VR Exposure Therapy solutions to assist towards positively changing perception of factors related to non-verbal communication skills that contribute to increasing public speaking anxiety for participants suffering from self-reported speech anxiety symptoms. Our findings are of wider importance as they contribute to ongoing efforts to improve social anxiety-related phobias.The authors did not receive support from any organization for the
submitted work
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Advances in Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare pain disorder that usually occurs in a limb after trauma. The features of this disorder include severe pain and sensory, autonomic, motor, and trophic abnormalities. Research from the past decade has offered new insights into CRPS epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Early identification of individuals at high risk of CRPS is improving, with several risk factors established and some others identified in prospective studies during the past 5 years. Better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of CRPS has led to its classification as a chronic primary pain disorder, and subtypes of CRPS have been updated. Procedures for diagnosis have also been clarified. Although effective treatment of CRPS remains a challenge, evidence-based integrated management approaches provide new opportunities to improve patient care. Further advances in diagnosis and treatment of CRPS will require coordinated, international multicentre initiatives.Declaration of interests
MCF is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program scholarship and the Neuroscience Research Australia PhD Pearl supplementary scholarship; has received research grants from ERA-NET NEURON for research related to CRPS and neuropathic pain; and is a committee member of the IASP special interest group for CRPS. NEO has received funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and ERA-NET NEURON for research related to CRPS. CS is funded by the German Research Foundation for the Clinical Research Group KFO5001 ResolvePAIN and has received funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. AG has received funding from the UK Medical Research Council, Pain Relief Foundation Liverpool, and Versus Arthritis; has been a consultant for UCB and Novartis; is Chair of the Scientific Committee of the British Pain Society, past Chair of the IASP special interest group for CRPS, and Chair of the European Pain Federation CRPS task force; and is a member of the scientific committee for the Pain Relief Foundation. JHB is co-Chair of the IASP special interest group for CRPS; has received fees for speaking about CRPS paid by Theoria Congresos, at a conference organised by Hospital Intermutual de Levante; and has received research funding from the Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, and the Experimental Psychological Society. AGC, GLM, and JHM receive salary support from investigator grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. GLM receives royalties for a book about a specific rehabilitation approach to CRPS that is mentioned in this Review; is an unpaid board member of the consumer advocacy body Pain Australia, and is an unpaid Chief Executive Officer of the non-profit community outreach initiative Pain Revolution. GLM and JHM have received funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia for research on CRPS
Your smart watch isn’t a medical device – but it is tracking all your health data
Get PDFFor millions of people, smartwatches aren’t just a piece of technology. They can use them to take control of their health in ways never thought possible
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