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Campus Sound-scaping: Interactive sound sculptures connecting research with community sector organisations
No full textBrunel 2024 Soundscape Credits: Field recording radio aporee ::: maps - sounds of the world Cra. 46 #3611, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; 29 Hung Shing Ye, Lamma Island, Hong Kong; Pixabay content by Zakhar Valah (Perfect Beauty) and Aleksey Christlin, Piotr Witowski (Relaxing music), Mr Rogers’ Neighbourhood theme song (FRP License); Sesame Street: James Gandolfini Talks About Feeling Scared; Excerpt from Mary Poppins 1964The project is funded by Brunel University’s Public Engagement Fund 2024. It is a continuation of an artist-based engagement with the Civil Society Futures 2018, an independent inquiry of the state of the sector in England.The poster was presented at Brunel Research Festival 2024: Brunel Research Jamboree on 30 May 2024 (https://www.brunel.ac.uk/research/Research-Festival/2024/Full-Programme), and at the Institute of Communities and Society (Inter)Disciplinary Bodies Conference Programme, Day 2, Bodies Festival
Conference Programme, Day 2, Bodies Festival
Wednesday 26 June, (https://www.brunel.ac.uk/research/Institutes/Institute-of-Communities-and-Society/InterDisciplinary-Bodies/Conference-Programme-Day-2-Bodies-Festival).The project creates an installation through which voluntary sector organisations, researchers, creatives and students “speak to the public” about their work and experience. It is a visual and audio-engaging sculptures/public art in the shape of bird feeders and bird cages, which have been fitted with audio speakers, to be placed around the University campus. Four themes around which findings (interviews and discussions) are synthesised are mixed with music, field recordings and creative content to create audio soundscapes which stream from the soundboxes. The project is a continuation of an artist-based engagement with the Civil Society Futures 2018 independent inquiry of the voluntary sector in England.Brunel University’s Public Engagement Fund 2024
Art-based research for Public Engagement: Qualitative research sound-scaping for the VCS
Get PDFPublic sound sculpture/installation demonstrated at the VSVR Conference, Bayes Business School London. Original art-based engagement work to showcase voluntary sector work to the public as an innovative sound-based methodology
Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission Features and Energy Dissipation Properties during Rock Shear-Slip Process
Get PDFData Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.The features of rock shear-slip fracturing are closely related to the stability of rock mass engineering. Granite, white sandstone, red sandstone, and yellow sandstone specimens were selected in this study. The loading phase of “shear failure > slow slip > fast slip” was set up to explore the correlation between fracture type, acoustic emission (AE) features, and energy dissipation during the rock fracturing process. The results show that there is a strong correlation between fracture type, energy dissipation, and AE features. The energy dissipation ratio of tension-shear (T-S) composite, shear, and tensile types is 10:100:1. The fracture types in the shear failure phase are mainly tensile and TS composite types. The differential mechanism of energy dissipation of different rocks during the shear-slip process is revealed from the physical property perspectives of mineral composition, particle size, and diagenetic mode. These results provide a necessary research basis for energy dissipation research in rock failure and offer an important scientific foundation for analyzing the fracture propagation problem in the shear-slip process. They also provide a research basis for further understanding the acoustic emission characteristics and crack type evolution during rock shear and slip processes, which helps to better understand the shear failure mechanism of natural joints and provides a reference for the identification of precursors of shear disasters in geotechnical engineering.Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 20232ACB214007); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41977219)
Recent advances on bast fiber composites: Engineering innovations, applications and perspectives
No full textData availability: Data will be made available on request.Plant fibers are a class of biomass resources one of most abundant materials on earth. The bast fiber, as one of the plant fibers with superior specific stiffness and strength, has received constant attention in the field of biocomposites for various industrial sectors. This study is to provide a comprehensive overview of bast fiber composites. The characteristic, chemical composition and performance of five types of most commonly available bast fibers (ramie, jute, kenaf, flax and hemp fibers), and their functionalization in biocomposites are analyzed. The engineering technologies and performance in uses, e.g. flame retardancy, adsorption, reinforcement, biodegradability green sustainability and recyclability of the bast fiber composites are assessed and compiled. The challenges and future development of bast fiber composites are also discussed. The review is expected to provide a platform database but insightful understanding for effective engineering design and broadened applications of bast fiber composites, and for further innovations of functionalized bast fiber composites.National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200296); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023T160229); Guangdong Key R&D Program (2022B111108004); Shandong Jining Key R&D Program (2022JBZP003); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery (2021GDKLPRB-K02); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (2023A04J1368); State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering (202315); Foundation (GZKF202114) of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, the European Union, EIC Pathfinder 2023 (HORIZON-EIC-2023-PATHFINDEROPEN-01) (No. 101130895)
Fractional Wiener chaos: Part 1
Get PDFMathematics Subject Classification: 26A33 · 42B10 · 60H25 · 60G18 · 60G44 ·
60H05 · 33C45 · 60J05 · 60h35In this paper, we introduce a fractional analogue of the Wiener polynomial chaos expansion. It is important to highlight that the fractional order relates to the order of chaos decomposition elements, and not to the process itself, which remains the standard Wiener process. The central instrument in our fractional analogue of the Wiener chaos expansion is the function denoted as H alpha(x,y)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}, referred to herein as a power-normalised parabolic cylinder function. Through careful analysis of several fundamental deterministic and stochastic properties, we affirm that this function essentially serves as a fractional extension of the Hermite polynomial. In particular, the power-normalised parabolic cylinder function with the Wiener process and time as its arguments, H alpha(Wt,t)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}, demonstrates martingale properties and can be interpreted as a fractional It & ocirc; integral with 1 as the integrand, thereby drawing parallels with its non-fractional counterpart. To build a fractional analogue of polynomial Wiener chaos on the real line, we introduce a new function, which we call the extended Hermite function, by smoothly joining two power-normalized parabolic cylinder functions at zero. We form an orthogonal set of extended Hermite functions as a one-parameter family and use tensor products of the extended Hermite functions as building blocks in the fractional Wiener chaos expansion, in the same way that tensor products of Hermite polynomials are used as building blocks in the Wiener chaos polynomial expansion.EPSRC grant no EP/R014604/1
Victim blaming and belief in karma
Get PDFData Availability Statement: Full details of the preregistration, all measures and manipulations, and the data from all studies, can be accessed at https://osf.io/axt82/.Supporting Information is available online at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajsp.12654#support-information-section .Witnessing the suffering of innocent victims can motivate observers to interpret the situation in ways that justify that suffering, such as viewing victims as more personally responsible or possessing negative traits. In a pre-registered cross-cultural experiment (N = 831 from India, Singapore and the USA), we tested whether belief in karma—a supernatural force that can be used to explain current misfortune as payback for past misdeeds—affects people's tendencies to blame victims for their misfortune. Participants read and evaluated descriptions of ostensibly innocent victims of misfortune, both before and after thinking about karma. When thinking about karma, participants rated victims as possessing more negative traits, and (in the USA) being less similar to participants themselves, compared to their baseline judgements. Belief in karma also indirectly predicted negative evaluations, due to karma believers' greater perception that victims were personally responsible for their situation. These results are consistent with previously established patterns of victim derogation and show how karma can shape social judgements in a manner that bolsters the perception of a just world where bad things are believed to happen to bad people.Issachar Fund
Five Machine Learning Models Predicting the Global Shear Capacity of Composite Cellular Beams with Hollow-Core Units
Get PDFData Availability Statement: The data will be available upon request to the corresponding author.The global shear capacity of steel–concrete composite downstand cellular beams with precast hollow-core units is an important calculation as it affects the span-to-depth ratios and the amount of material used, hence affecting the embodied CO2 calculation when designers are producing floor grids. This paper presents a reliable tool that can be used by designers to alter and optimise grip options during the preliminary design stages, without the need to run onerous calculations. The global shear capacity prediction formula is developed using five machine learning models. First, a finite element model database is developed. The influence of the opening diameter, web opening spacing, tee-section height, concrete topping thickness, interaction degree, and the number of shear studs above the web opening are investigated. Reliability analysis is conducted to assess the design method and propose new partial safety factors. The Catboost regressor algorithm presented better accuracy compared to the other algorithms. An equation to predict the shear capacity of composite cellular beams with hollow-core units is proposed using gene expression programming. In general, the partial safety factor for resistance, according to the reliability analysis, varied between 1.25 and 1.26.National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government, (MSIT) (RS-2023-00278784); Inha University Research Grant
Effects of dual injection operations on combustion performances and particulate matter emissions in a spark ignition engine fuelled with second-generation biogasoline
Get PDFThe automotive industry must mitigate climate change by reducing vehicle carbon emissions and promoting sustainable transportation through technical solutions and innovations. Biofuels are seen as a solution to reduce CO2 emissions, but they may affect fuel performance and emissions. Second-generation biogasoline mixed with ethanol has proven that it can be introduced as a drop-in fuel with the same performance and tailpipe emissions at the same level as fossil fuels. However, particulate matter (PM) emissions are significantly higher than fossil fuels. This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of port and direct fuel injections on the PM emissions in a boosted spark ignition (SI) engine fuelled by Euro 6 standard biofuel with a 99 octane number blended with 20% ethanol compared to a fossil fuel baseline. The single-cylinder SI engine was equipped with two fuel injectors, a direct injector and a port fuel injector, and operated with externally boosted air. The split injection ratio was adjusted from 100% direct injection (DI) to 100% port fuel injection (PFI) to investigate the combustion characteristics and particulate emissions (PM) at different engine loads and speeds. The results indicate that by changing 100% DI to 80% PFI, PM emissions numbers between particle sizes of 23 and 1000 nm were dropped by 96.56% at a low load operation of 4.6 bar IMEP for the 99 RON E20 biogasoline and by 84% for the 95 RON E10 fossil fuel while maintaining the same indicated thermal efficiency and a similar level of other emissions. However, at a higher load above 10 bar IMEP, it was found that full DI operation reduced particulate numbers (PN) by 64% and 38% for 99 RON E20 biogasoline and 95 RON E10 fossil fuel at 20 bar IMEP, respectively, and enabled more stable operation at 3000 rpm with higher load operation regions.The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article
‘Fighting for breath’: Inhabiting uninhabitable places
Get PDFData availability statement: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.In 2021, clean-air activists Choked Up put up hacked road signs in the London neighbourhoods of Catford, Brixton and Whitechapel. The signs stated: ‘People of colour are more likely to live in an area with illegal pollution levels’. They also demanded ‘Clean air for all’. The following year, Breathe: 2022 by artist Dryden Goodwin was installed across the borough of Lewisham. Depicting people struggling to breathe, like the road signs, the delicate pencil-drawn images were a way of ‘making the invisible visible’. These interventions highlight both the elevated levels of air pollution in particular locations and the unevenness of its distribution. They also point to how places and bodies are interconnected in the air that ‘we’ breathe. Foregrounding this activism, this article draws on Nirmal Puwar’s conceptualisation of the ‘somatic norm’ whereby particular spaces are (or, rather, become) ‘reserved’ for particular bodies and, concomitantly, the ‘ontological anxiety’ provoked when bodies enter into spaces not meant for them. I extend Puwar’s work on Space Invaders in two ways. First, reading air quality research data through work which has theorised the spatial–bodily relationship, the article explores how the yoking together of spaces and bodies can serve to locate people in places which are not fit for habitation. Second, I draw attention to the highly corporeal and emotional ways in which these interconnections are manifested, and like the visceral registers of ‘ontological anxiety’, I consider what this might tell us about spatialised and bodied power relations. To render the asymmetries in air pollution exposure not only visible but sense-able, the article draws on a mobile, emplaced and embodied methodology of walking and cycling through London. The processes of moving, breathing and leaving put into relief both the deep fleshiness of spatial–bodily interconnections and the palpability of the power dynamics which permeate them.The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article
Portable Touchscreen Assessment of Motor Skill: A Registered Report of the Reliability and Validity of EDNA MoTap
Get PDFSupplementary Material is available online at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10731911241266306#supplementary-materials . For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with..Portable and flexible administration of manual dexterity assessments is necessary to monitor recovery from brain injury and the effects of interventions across clinic and home settings, especially when in-person testing is not possible or convenient. This paper aims to assess the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of a new suite of touchscreen-based manual dexterity tests (called EDNA™MoTap) that are designed for portable and efficient administration. A minimum sample of 49 healthy young adults will be conveniently recruited. The EDNA™MoTap tasks will be assessed for concurrent validity against standardized tools (the Box and Block Test [BBT] and the Purdue Pegboard Test) and for test–retest reliability over a 1- to 2-week interval. Correlation coefficients of r > .6 will indicate acceptable validity, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values > .75 will indicate acceptable reliability for healthy adults. The sample were primarily right-handed (91%) adults aged 19 and 34 years (M = 24.93, SD = 4.21, 50% female). The MoTap tasks did not demonstrate acceptable validity, with tasks showing weak-to-moderate associations with the criterion assessments. Some outcomes demonstrated acceptable test–retest reliability; however, this was not consistent. Touchscreen-based assessments of dexterity remain relevant; however, there is a need for further development of the EDNA™MoTap task administration.RMIT through the Design and Creative Practice Enabling Capability Platform and the Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Accelerating Commercialisation grant, an element of the Entrepreneurs’ Program
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