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The Moderating Role of Culture in the Generalizability of Psychological Phenomena
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Thinking about default enrollment lowers vaccination intentions and public support in G7 countries
Get PDFData Availability Statement: All data used for this analysis is included in the manuscript and/or supporting information.Supplementary data are available online at: https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/4/pgae093/7614389?login=true#447695140 .Policymakers often face a conundrum between being transparent about policies and ensuring that those policies are effective. This challenge is particularly relevant for behavioral nudges, which are not usually disclosed. Rather than avoiding transparency, we suggest that policy-makers encourage citizens to reflect on nudges to help them understand their own views and align those views with their behaviors. Using data from an online survey experiment with 24,303 respondents in the G7, we examine the impact of reflection on a hypothetical default nudge policy for COVID-19 booster appointments. Contrary to expectations, participants say they would be less likely to get the booster when automatically enrolled compared to a control condition. Similarly, encouraging citizens to think about the status quo (baseline) policy also reduces intentions for boosters. These interventions had no effect on approval of the policy. Further, encouraging people to think about automatic enrollment decreased approval of the policy and further decreased their intentions to get vaccinated. These findings suggest that reflection on a nudge can increase backlash from a nudge and also elicit policy disapproval, thereby aligning policy support with behavioral intentions.British Academy ref: COVG7210005 (Overcoming barriers to vaccination by empowering citizens to make deliberate choices)
Performance Analysis for RIS-Assisted SWIPT-Enabled IoT Systems
Get PDFReconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology to improve the spectral and energy efficiency of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. In this paper, we investigate an RIS-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) system by utilizing stochastic geometry. Moreover, we consider not only the case of random phase shift, but also the case where the phase shift of the RIS are aligned to the k -th IoT device. We first derive the closed-form expressions of the uplink outage probability and the average uplink data size for the k -th IoT device under the Rayleigh channel. Then, we extend the performance analysis to the Rician fading channel and multi-antenna scenarios. Finally, extensive numerical results have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of our derived results.MOST Major Research and Development Project (Grant No.: 2021YFB2900204); Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62132004, 61971102); UESTC Yangtze Delta Region Research Institute-Quzhou (No. 2022D031, 2023D005)
A systematic review of human evidence for the intergenerational effects of exposure to ionizing radiation
Get PDFSupplemental material is available online at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09553002.2024.2306328#supplemental-material-section .Acknowledgements:
The authors acknowledge Joanne Mcphie and Olwenn Martin for advising in the early stages of protocol development. The authors also thank Kirsty Lawrence and Ninoshka Barros for their support in elements of data extraction.Purpose:
To provide a synthesis of the published evidence pertaining to the intergenerational health effects of parental preconceptional exposure to ionizing radiation in humans.
Methods:
The study populations are the descendants of those who were exposed to ionizing radiation prior to conception. A Boolean search identified publications for review in accordance with Office of Health Assessment and Translation guidelines. Initially, a risk of bias assessment was conducted for each published study and relevant data extracted. Information was organized into adverse health outcome groups and exposure situations. To make an assessment from the body of evidence within each group, an initial confidence rating was assigned, before factors including inconsistencies between studies, magnitude of effect, dose response and confounders were considered. From this, ‘an effect’, ‘no effect’ or whether the evidence remained ‘inadequate’ to determine either effect or no effect, was ascertained. This assessment was based primarily upon the author’s conclusions within that evidence-base and, by binomial probability testing of the direction of effect reported.
Results:
2441 publications were identified for review which after screening was reduced to 127. For the majority of the adverse health groups, we find there to be inadequate evidence from which to determine whether the health effect was, or was not, associated with parental preconceptional radiation exposure. This was largely due to heterogeneity between individual study’s findings and conclusions within each group and, the limited number of studies within each group. We did observe one health grouping (congenital abnormalities) in occupationally exposed populations, where an increase in effect relative to their controls or large magnitude of effects, were reported, although it is noted that the authors of these studies interpreted their findings as most likely not to be associated with parental radiation exposure.
Conclusions:
We find there to be a lack of evidence to enable the formal assessment of radiation-related adverse effects in offspring of exposed humans. This is not the same as there being no clear evidence that effects may occur but does infer that if adverse health effects do arise in children of exposed parents, then these effects are small and difficult to reproducibly measure. Inconsistencies in designing studies are unavoidable, however we highlight the need for an element of standardization and, more sharing of primary datasets as part of open access initiatives, in order for future reviews to make reasonable conclusions. Overall, there is a need for future work to ensure comparable measures between studies where possible.This work was, in part, supported by the Nuclear Community Charity Fund (NCCF) through funds received by The Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust under the Aged Veterans Fund Grant AVF16
Superiority of Dynamic Weights against Fixed Weights in Merging Multi-Satellite Precipitation Datasets over Pakistan
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The data utilized in this study were acquired through purchase from the Pakistan Meteorology Department (PMD) and the Water and Power Development Authority. Information about the data is available at https://www.pmd.gov.pk/en/ (accessed on 1 January 2023) and http://www.wapda.gov.pk/ (accessed on 1 January 2023), respectively.Satellite precipitation products (SPPs) are undeniably subject to uncertainty due to retrieval algorithms and sampling issues. Many research efforts have concentrated on merging SPPs to create high-quality merged precipitation datasets (MPDs) in order to reduce these uncertainties. This study investigates the efficacy of dynamically weighted MPDs in contrast to those using static weights. The analysis focuses on comparing MPDs generated using the “dynamic clustered Bayesian averaging (DCBA)” approach with those utilizing the “regional principal component analysis (RPCA)” under fixed-weight conditions. These MPDs were merged from SPPs and reanalysis precipitation data, including TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7, PERSIANN-CDR, CMORPH, and the ERA-Interim reanalysis precipitation data. The performance of these datasets was evaluated in Pakistan’s diverse climatic zones—glacial, humid, arid, and hyper-arid—employing data from 102 rain gauge stations. The effectiveness of the DCBA model was quantified using Theil’s U statistic, demonstrating its superiority over the RPCA model and other individual merging methods in the study area The comparative performances of DCBA and RPCA in these regions, as measured by Theil’s U, are 0.49 to 0.53, 0.38 to 0.45, 0.37 to 0.42, and 0.36 to 0.43 in glacial, humid, arid, and hyper-arid zones, respectively. The evaluation of DCBA and RPCA compared with SPPs at different elevations showed poorer performance at high altitudes (>4000 m). The comparison of MPDs with the best performance of SPP (i.e., TMPA) showed significant improvement of DCBA even at altitudes above 4000 m. The improvements are reported as 49.83% for mean absolute error (MAE), 42.31% for root-mean-square error (RMSE), 27.94% for correlation coefficient (CC), 40.15% for standard deviation (SD), and 13.21% for Theil’s U. Relatively smaller improvements are observed for RPCA at 13.04%, 1.56%, 10.91%, 1.67%, and 5.66% in the above indices, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated the superiority of DCBA over RPCA with static weight. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to use dynamic variation of weights in the development of MPDs.National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 51839006 and 52250410336)
An Innovative Multi-Objective Rescheduling System for Mitigating Pandemic Spread in Aviation Networks
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The data presented in this study are available online at: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/6/1/6#app1-cleantechnol-06-00006 .The novel coronavirus outbreak has significantly heightened environmental costs and operational challenges for civil aviation airlines, prompting emergency airport closures in affected regions and a substantial decline in ridership. The consequential need to reassess, delay, or cancel flight itineraries has led to disruptions at airports, amplifying the risk of disease transmission. In response, this paper proposes a spatial approach to efficiently address pandemic spread in the civil aviation network. The methodology prioritizes the use of a static gravity model for calculating route-specific infection pressures, enabling strategic flight rescheduling to control infection levels at airports (nodes) and among airlines (edges). Temporally, this study considers intervals between takeoffs and landings to minimize crowd gatherings, mitigating the novel coronavirus transmission rate. By constructing a discrete space–time network for irregular flights, this research generates a viable set of routes for aircraft operating in special circumstances, minimizing both route-specific infection pressures and operational costs for airlines. Remarkably, the introduced method demonstrates substantial savings, reaching almost 53.4%, compared to traditional plans. This showcases its efficacy in optimizing responses to pandemic-induced disruptions within the civil aviation network, offering a comprehensive solution that balances operational efficiency and public health considerations in the face of unprecedented challenges.National Natural Science Foundation of China (62206062, U2034208 and 2022YFC3002502); China Railway P2023X012
Expression of the checkpoint kinase BUB1 is a predictor of response to cancer therapies
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Expression and clinical data used for this study are available from the TCGA-TARGET-GTEx cohort in the University of California Santa Cruz public repository Xena (https://xenabrowser.net), cBioPortal TCGA PanCancerAtlas (https://www.cbioportal.org), Genomic Data Commons Data Portal (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/). Cell line drug sensitivity data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) project were downloaded from GDSC1000 resources (https://www.cancerrxgene.org/gdsc1000/GDSC1000_WebResources/Home.html); data from the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) v2 was retrieved from the NCI CTD2 Data Portal (https://ctd2-data.nci.nih.gov/Public/Broad/).Supplementary Information is available online at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-55080-y#Sec22 .The identification of clinically-relevant biomarkers is of upmost importance for the management of cancer, from diagnosis to treatment choices. We performed a pan-cancer analysis of the mitotic checkpoint budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 gene BUB1, in the attempt to ascertain its diagnostic and prognostic values, specifically in the context of drug response. BUB1 was found to be overexpressed in the majority of cancers, and particularly elevated in clinically aggressive molecular subtypes. Its expression was correlated with clinico-phenotypic features, notably tumour staging, size, invasion, hypoxia, and stemness. In terms of prognostic value, the expression of BUB1 bore differential clinical outcomes depending on the treatment administered in TCGA cancer cohorts, suggesting sensitivity or resistance, depending on the expression levels. We also integrated in vitro drug sensitivity data from public projects based on correlation between drug efficacy and BUB1 expression to produce a list of candidate compounds with differential responses according to BUB1 levels. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses revealed that BUB1 overexpression in cancer is associated with biological processes related to mitosis and chromosome segregation machinery, reflecting the mechanisms of action of drugs with a differential effect based on BUB1 expression.Oracle (Grant no: 100004682). Oracle Cancer Trust
Survival following lung volume reduction procedures: results from the UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry
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Data are available on reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information.Supplementary materials: Supplementary Data are available online at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002092 and are included on a file archived on this institutional repositoryIntroduction: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and endobronchial valve (EBV) placement can produce substantial benefits in appropriately selected people with emphysema. The UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry is a national multicentre observational study set up to support quality standards and assess outcomes from LVR procedures at specialist centres across the UK.
Methods: Data were analysed for all patients undergoing an LVR procedure (LVRS/EBV) who were recruited into the study at participating centres between January 2017 and June 2022, including; disease severity and risk assessment, compliance with guidelines for selection, procedural complications and survival to February 2023.
Results: Data on 541 patients from 14 participating centres were analysed. Baseline disease severity was similar in patients who had surgery n=244 (44.9%), or EBV placement n=219 (40.9%), for example, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 32.1 (12.1)% vs 31.2 (11.6)%. 89% of cases had discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting recorded. Median (IQR) length of stay postprocedure for LVRS and EBVs was 12 (13) vs 4 (4) days(p=0.01). Increasing age, male gender and lower FEV1%predicted were associated with mortality risk, but survival did not differ between the two procedures, with 50 (10.8%) deaths during follow-up in the LVRS group vs 45 (9.7%) following EBVs (adjusted HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.67) p=0.661)
Conclusion: Based on data entered in the UKLVR registry, LVRS and EBV procedures for emphysema are being performed in people with similar disease severity and long-term survival is similar in both groups.Imperial College London, Asthma Lung UK
Measurements of azimuthal anisotropy of nonprompt D mesons in PbPb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
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Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in “CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy available online at: https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032&filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf&version=2 .Measurements of the elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients are presented for [Formula presented] mesons produced in [Formula presented] hadron decays (nonprompt [Formula presented] mesons) in lead-lead collisions at sNN=5.02TeV. The results are compared with previously published charm meson anisotropies measured using prompt [Formula presented] mesons. The data were collected with the CMS detector in 2018 with an integrated luminosity of 0.58nb−1. Azimuthal anisotropy is sensitive to the interactions of quarks with the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions. Comparing results for prompt and nonprompt [Formula presented] mesons can assist in understanding the mass dependence of these interactions. The nonprompt results show lower magnitudes of v2 and v3 and weaker dependences on the meson transverse momentum and collision centrality than those found for prompt [Formula presented] mesons. The results are in agreement with theoretical predictions that include a mass dependence in the interactions of quarks with the medium.SCOAP
Search for new Higgs bosons via same-sign top quark pair production in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV
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Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in “CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy” available online at: https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032&filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf&version=2 .A preprint of this article is available online at arXiv:2311.03261v2 [hep-ex] https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03261v2 . Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-22-010 (CMS Public Pages)A search is presented for new Higgs bosons in proton-proton (pp) collision events in which a same-sign top quark pair is produced in association with a jet, via the pp → tH/A → tt¯c and pp → tH/A → tt¯u processes. Here, H and A represent the extra scalar and pseudoscalar boson, respectively, of the second Higgs doublet in the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model (g2HDM). The search is based on pp collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Final states with a same-sign lepton pair in association with jets and missing transverse momentum are considered. New Higgs bosons in the 200-1000 GeV mass range and new Yukawa couplings between 0.1 and 1.0 are targeted in the search, for scenarios in which either H or A appear alone, or in which they coexist and interfere. No significant excess above the standard model prediction is observed. Exclusion limits are derived in the context of the g2HDM.SCOAP3
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