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Analysis of the Portrayal of Dietrich Bonhoeffer
No full textDietrich Bonhoeffer’s writings have impacted Christian theologians to this day, resulting in numerous biographies and assessments of his works. One biography, Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy: A Righteous Gentile vs. The Third Reich, written by Eric Metaxas, brought Bonhoeffer to the New York Times best-seller list and was praised by evangelicals. Despite Metaxas’ extensive research, some scholars question his portrayal of Bonhoeffer as violent against Hitler and the Third Reich, while dismissing the influence of pacifism on Bonhoeffer\u27s thinking. Although Bonhoeffer supported the plot to kill Hitler, he is regarded among many scholars as a pacifist, rather than a combatant preacher. This project will attempt to assess the possible inaccuracy of Metaxas’s portrayal of the pacifistic characteristics of Bonhoeffer. Bonhoeffer\u27s writings will be assessed in the original German in order to correctly analyze Bonhoeffer\u27s nuanced approach to pacifism. The findings will then be compared to Metaxas\u27s interpretation of Bonhoeffer, aiming at a better understanding of Bonhoeffer\u27s ideals in regard to the Third Reich and Hitler. The extent of Bonhoeffer’s pacifism, indicated by his earlier writing, will be analyzed and compared to his alleged encouragement of violence
Chiropractic Care in a Division III Setting
No full textMedical coverage has been integrated into collegiate sports settings since the early 1900s. Traditionally this role has been filled by team doctors and athletic trainers. As allied healthcare professionals, athletic trainers work under the supervision of a team physician, but also in conjunction with other healthcare professionals. Starting in September 2014, Hope College began utilizing the resources of a chiropractor on a weekly basis. Chiropractic care is a complementary form of medicine. The function of a chiropractor is to correct subluxations within joints in which “alignment, movement integrity and/or physiological function are altered, although contact between joint surfaces remains intact” (WHO). The subluxations lead to poor health or function of the body and reduce the ability of the body to adapt to the ever-changing stimuli and prevent it from responding optimally. Athletic trainers here at Hope College have stated that utilizing chiropractic care as a member of their healthcare team has brought a new dimension to the care that is provided by correcting structure and soft tissue dysfunction, enhancing tissue healing, and facilitating normal functioning. Results from a satisfaction survey that was administered to Hope College athletes indicated that they were highly satisfied with the treatment they received, and they were able to stay competitive and continue to participate at the high level that was expected of them within the Division III athletic setting at Hope College
Clustering Farms According to Using Data from Categorical Variables
No full textA dataset concerning farms from the Kibaale District of Uganda contains information from various categorical variables. This study looks at using the categorical variable data to group like farms into clusters. This would enable us to determine common features linking farms with higher annual incomes as well as determining factors which may influence food security for households in the Kibaale District
Coping with an Interpersonal Transgression: The Impact of Brief Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Rumination Inductions on Forgiveness and Short-Term Emotions
No full textPrevious research has demonstrated that emotion regulation strategies are beneficial in coping with negative events (Gross, 1998). For example, Witvliet, Knoll, Hinman, and DeYoung (2010) found that positive reappraisal reduced the negative impact of transgressions. In our study, we utilized a complex design to examine the impact of acceptance, reappraisal, and rumination between subjects over a two-week period. Undergraduate college students (N=98) recalled an interpersonal transgression from within the last year. Participants self-reported anxiety, depression, rumination, acceptance, satisfaction with life, and state forgiveness. During two visits, all participants ruminated and were randomly assigned to learn acceptance, positive reappraisal, or to ruminate again (control). Immediately following each imagery trial, participants completed self-report single items assessing positive (e.g., happiness, gratitude, peace, emotional and decisional forgiveness) and negative (e.g., sadness, anger) psychological experiences. Between participants mixed ANOVAs revealed that regardless of condition, from Visit 1 to Visit 2, participants experienced reductions in rumination, depression, and anxiety with increases in acceptance, forgiveness, and life satisfaction. We also found significant main effects of Visit and Trial, which demonstrated that participants reported increased positive experiences (e.g., gratitude, happiness, empathy, peace, forgiveness) and reduced negative emotions (e.g., sadness, anger) during the second visit and during the intervention trial (compared to the rumination trial). A significant Trial X Intervention interaction effect occurred for gratitude, happiness, peace, forgiveness, valence, sadness, and anger. Confidence interval comparisons revealed that only the individuals who learned acceptance reported increases in gratitude, happiness, peace, empathy, and forgiveness, and decreases in sadness across trials. These results demonstrated that our interventions had differential short-term impacts. Overall, all participants benefited from thinking about the transgressions. While acceptance and reappraisal did not outperform intentionally dwelling on an interpersonal transgression, brief interventions—particularly acceptance—were beneficial for short-term coping with an interpersonal offense
In Search of the Virgin Mary: Saint Mary in the Construction of National Identities in Latin America
No full textThe image of the Virgin Mary is ubiquitous in Latin America. She is one of the most important religious symbols for Latin American Catholics and is an extremely accessible object of devotion. All countries in this region, including the majority of cities and towns, claim a particular advocation of the Virgin as their local Patron Lady, each of which has a unique narrative of apparition and miracles that is inseparable from the history of her people. The origin story and iconography of each patroness is deeply revealing of the religious, political, and cultural identity of those who venerate her. The many faces of the Virgin Mary are deeply woven into the story of Latin America, and any study of the formation of its peoples will be incomplete without knowledge of one of its most familiar figures. From her arrival with the Europeans to her subsequent transformation to her continued relevance today, Saint Mary has been a powerful symbol of cultural and religious pride and identity
Isolation of 18 Novel Mycobacteriophages and Genomic Analyses of Krueger and Phrappuccino
No full textEighteen new mycobacteriophages were isolated from soil samples collected around the state of Michigan and parts of the United States. All phages were capable of infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis and were isolated through either enrichment or direct plating at 25°C. A variety of plaque morphologies were produced based on size, shape, and clarity; both lytic and temperate phages appear represented in this collection. Two mycobacteriophages, Krueger and Phrappuccino, were chosen for complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses. The predominant plaque produced by Krueger at 32°C was circular and 2 mm in diameter. The predominant plaque produced by Phrappuccino at 32°C was 1 mm in diameter, and took 48 hours to appear. Complete genome sequence for Krueger revealed relationships to members of the novel Subcluster K6, while Phrappuccino was not closely related to any known phage and is currently classified as a Singleton. The genome of Krueger is 60.3 Kb, 66.5% GC, and contains 101 genes, including 1 tRNA(Lys-TTT) gene; the genome of Phrappuccino is 136.3 Kb, 67.4% GC, and contains 200 genes. While Phrappuccino is a Singleton, there is strong evidence at the morphological (Myoviridae) and genomic levels for a relationship to Cluster C phages. Despite this relationship, Phrappuccino does not carry any tRNA genes. Forty (39.6%) and thirty-six (18%) protein coding genes were assigned functions in Krueger and Phrappuccino, respectively, based on comparative analyses. A detailed analysis of the complete genome sequences and comparison with sequenced mycobacteriophages is the subject of the second semester of this yearlong course and is presented
Learning Needs Assessment: Comparing Non-Baccalaureate and Baccalaureate Prepared Registered Nurses
No full textThe Institute of Medicine recommends increasing the proportion of registered nurses in the U.S. with a BSN degree to 80% by 2020. Research studies suggest that higher degrees correlate with shorter lengths of stay and better patient outcomes. However, financial constraints and lack of support create barriers for RNs to return to school. Direct-care RNs hold the same job responsibilities and expectations regardless of the degree of education. The objective of this study was to examine if differences exist between self-identified learning needs of BSN-prepared RNs compared to non-BSN RNs. Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence explain that nurses increase their level of abilities from novice to expert through knowledge. An electronic survey sent to all RNs in a large tertiary care hospital in the Midwest gathered information about learning needs with responses from 821 direct-care nurses for a response rate of 26.2%. Data were entered into SPSSv.22. Results from independent t-tests indicate that BSN (64.93%) and non-BSN (34.94%) RNs did not have significantly different learning needs (p \u3e 0.05) in any of the three major categories. Based on these findings, educational programs should not be stratified into BSN and non-BSN RNs in this setting. Further research could identify if specific learning needs exist between education groups. Limitations for this study include lack of generalizability because only one hospital was surveyed and the potential for self-report bias existed
The Authorship of John and the Identity of the Beloved Disciple
No full textThe Gospel of John, the fourth gospel in the New Testament, is one of the most popular books of scripture containing a powerful introduction as well as many oft-quoted verses. However, since the early 19th century the authorship of the Gospel of John has been challenged by a number of scholars as they have proposed alternative authors against the traditional ascription of the Gospel to John the Son of Zebedee. Beginning with David Friedrich Strauss in 1835, an increasing number of scholars have shifted to believing that other sources are responsible for producing the fourth gospel. Raymond Brown suggests that the gospel arose out of a community of early Christian believers, a Johannine Community. Richard Bauckham claims that a different John, John the Elder, is the author of the fourth Gospel. Lastly, Ben Witherington III proposes that Lazarus is the author and the Beloved Disciple. The fourth position examined, and argued for, is the traditional understanding that John the Apostle, the Son of Zebedee, is both the author of the Gospel and the Beloved Disciple. Within all four of these arguments, both the internal arguments of scripture and the external arguments from writers and accounts in the 1st and 2nd centuries were considered, though greater weight was often given to the gospel and other passages of scripture that provide clues towards the identity of the author of the gospel and, consequently, the Beloved Disciple
Toyota Crash Safety Experience
No full textThere are many paths that one can follow when graduating with a mechanical engineering degree, my interests and passions have drawn me towards the automotive field. As an intern at Toyota Motor Corporation, I was able to be involved with the testing and crash safety elements of many production vehicles. During this time I assisted crash safety engineers working on the Tundra, Sienna and Sequoia programs. Through this process I gained familiarity with the regulations and ratings systems set forth by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and New Car Assessment Program (NCAP). A major focus of my work was to analyze crash safety test results and compare them to predicted component behaviors. Herein I discuss Out Of Position (OOP) injury margin testing, knee air bag reaction surface testing, and analysis of various test modes in preparation for vehicle hand over
Transcriptional Regulation of OLE1 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Dependent on Fatty Acid Species
No full textThe OLE1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the ∆9 desaturase, which inserts a double bond in saturated fatty acids to create unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). OLE1 expression is controlled in part through the transcriptional regulators Mga2p and Spt23p in response to supply of UFAs. We investigated whether the regulation was consistent in response to varied UFA type and concentration. We found that in wild type cells, reporter gene assays show a stronger decrease in expression of OLE1 when fed 16:1∆9 or 18:2∆9, 12 as opposed to 18:1∆9 or 17:1∆10. Concentration of the fed fatty acid also impacted the regulation of OLE1 with higher levels of each UFA impacting expression to a greater degree. Fatty acid profiles of wild type cells show cells accumulate a higher concentration of 16:1∆9 and 18:2∆9, 12 than fed 18:1∆9 or 17:1∆10. This leads to the conclusion that the expression of OLE1 is dependent both on properties of fed fatty acids and the amount in the cell. While our initial hypothesis was that OLE1 is regulated in response to membrane fluidity, subsequent work does not support that idea. Conditions that would affect membrane fluidity (besides UFA species and amount), such as growth temperature and saturated or trans fatty acid supplementation do not regulate OLE1 in the direction predicted by fluidity changes. Recently our lab has isolated a mutant that is deficient in regulation of OLE1, called NRO2 (no regulation of OLE1). The signaling mechanism for the NRO2 protein’s action is unknown. Tests using the OLE1 promoter-reporter gene constructs suggest that NRO2p responds more strongly to the fatty acids 16:1∆9 and 18:2∆9, 12, than 18:1∆9 and 17:1∆10. Efforts are currently underway to clone and identify NRO2