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The Anchor, Volume 130.16: February 8, 2017
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
The Anchor, Volume 130.17: February 22, 2017
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
Homogenization Techniques for Population Dynamics in Strongly Heterogeneous Landscapes
Get PDFAn important problem in spatial ecology is to understand how population-scale patterns emerge from individual-level birth, death, and movement processes. These processes, which depend on local landscape characteristics, vary spatially and may exhibit sharp transitions through behavioural responses to habitat edges, leading to discontinuous population densities. Such systems can be modelled using reaction–diffusion equations with interface conditions that capture local behaviour at patch boundaries. In this work we develop a novel homogenization technique to approximate the large-scale dynamics of the system. We illustrate our approach, which also generalizes to multiple species, with an example of logistic growth within a periodic environment. We find that population persistence and the large-scale population carrying capacity is influenced by patch residence times that depend on patch preference, as well as movement rates in adjacent patches. The forms of the homogenized coefficients yield key theoretical insights into how large-scale dynamics arise from the small-scale features
St. Philip’s Sons: Frederick William Faber and His Hymnody
No full textThough historians have often used poetry and prose as means of gauging the cultural and aesthetic values of a people, hymnody measures how an individual and/or society publically relate to the divine, a uniquely insightful attribute. The hymnody of Frederick William Faber (1814-1863), a disciple of John Henry Cardinal Newman who similarly left the Church of England for Roman Catholicism, speaks to the convert-priest’s enchantment with the Catholic faith, while also shedding light on some of the theological tensions ever-present in a religiously tumultuous Victorian England. Faber wrote over 150 hymns in his short life, a canon spanning the time between his conversion and his death at the age of 49. Though his hymnody covers many subjects, Faber addressed a significant amount of his hymns to St. Philip Neri, the Counter-Reformation Italian priest who founded the Oratorians, the order to which both Fr. Faber and Cardinal Newman ascribed. Faber centers his 1852 collection, Jesus and Mary, around eight St. Philip hymns, particularly focusing on St. Philip and his role in English Catholicism. After analyzing selections from these eight hymns and researching both the lives of Faber, Newman, and St. Philip, I discovered that these men shared a common vision for the Catholic Church’s aesthetic role in a Protestant context; these three men proclaimed beauty as the greatest witness to the truth of the ancient faith. This type of research blurs the lines between both religious and music history as well as anthropology
The Performance of Womanhood
No full textWomanhood is universal, yet uniquely expressed by each individual. Feminist movements span across history as woman continually explore what it means to be a woman both past and present day. Art has become a medium of expressing the experience that is womanhood, especially that of female photographers. Inspired by the medium of performance photography featured in the Winter 2015 Aperture 211 magazine, the research became centered around the performance that is womanhood. Performance photography began with Hippolyte Bayard’s Le Noyé (Self-portrait as a drowned man) in 1840 and has long inspired artists to perform both in front of the camera and behind it. Performance photography explores the intentional and unintentional blurring of the line between photography of the performance and performative photography. Womanhood is explored by researching such performative artists such as Helena Almeida who draws and paints both in and on her photographs. A portfolio of photographs were created based off of the research and were digitized into a website that explores how womanhood becomes its own entity and transforms what is a performance itself; in all of its rituals, details, irony, and juxtapositions
A Feminist Critique of Cosmopolitan Magazine
No full textI hypothesize that Cosmopolitan magazine empowers its readers through relevant content pertaining to their lives. Starting off with rhetorical theory, I will assign meaning to this symbol using a feminist lens. So, an immediate impression of this cover is that females are inherently sexual. There are always at least three references to sex on one cover alone. From this you could infer that women are more preoccupied with men then let’s say politics, which is not mentioned on the cover, but readers often find lengthy editorials inside. Additionally, the cover is predominantly pink, with a light shade used in the background, while a more intense hue highlights certain cover lines. This color is a prototypically feminine color, which is assigned to women as their color after birth. Then, lastly, the cover model, a female celebrity, strikes a pose, wearing something either skin tight or revealing. Based on description of the cover alone, I could hastily conclude that Cosmopolitan determines that their readers care mostly about sex, sexuality and men, rather than politics, advocacy, or money management. Therefore, was my hypothesis correct in stating Cosmopolitan wants to empower their reader, but primarily through their sexual lives, or does this concern with sexuality yield to the power of men, making women sexual objects
System Xc - Regulation: Effects of Mutations on Membrane Expression and Ubiquitination Status
No full textSystem xc- exchanges intracellular glutamate for extracellular cystine across the membrane of many cell types, including astrocytes. Its activity directly regulates the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione and the extracellular concentration of glutamate in some areas of the brain. We recently demonstrated that oxidants acutely upregulate System xc- activity by triggering the rapid redistribution of the transporter from intracellular compartments to the cell surface. Our current work suggests that the trafficking of the transporter may be regulated by ubiquitination and that oxidant exposure directly influences the ubiquitination of the transporter. In this study we sought to test the hypothesis that the ubiquitination status of the transporter regulates both its cell surface expression and activity. We have used a mutagenesis approach to disrupt putative ubiquitination sites and a putative ubiquitin ligase binding site within a myc-tagged System xc- construct so that we can understand the role ubiquitination plays in regulating the cell surface expression of System xc-. There are seven highly conserved lysine residues within xCT that are located on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. We have created mutant forms of this construct containing single or multiple lysine to arginine mutations so that we could assess the effect of these mutations on cell surface expression of System xc-. Using biotinylation assays and immunocytochemical analysis, we have demonstrated that mutation of the N-terminal lysine residues increases the cell surface expression of the transporter. In addition, we have identified a putative ubiquitin ligase binding site in the Inbox (2)C-terminus of the transporter. Disruption of this binding site also leads to an increase in cell surface expression of the transporter. Collectively, these data suggest that System xc- is regulated by changes in its ubiquitination status such that factors which lead to diminished ubiquitination will allow for increased cell surface expression of the transporter
Welkoming a Greener Campus? It\u27s Up to You!
No full textReducing energy consumption has proven to be a challenging objective for national, state, and municipal level legislation. Furthermore, colleges have struggled in this area due in part to the lack of student fiscal accountability for energy use and difficulties adapting aging structures and buildings to modern energy efficiency standards. Clearly, no single program will solve the problem. Nonetheless, significant steps can be taken to reduce electricity and water usage on college campuses. In the current study, researchers investigated the energy efficiency of Hope College cottages as well as the electricity and water usage habits of cottage residents. In March of 2016, sixteen students, all living in different college-owned cottages, responded to an email containing a self-assessment energy survey. In addition to the survey, third-party energy efficiency assessments of Hope College cottages were performed. These assessments considered the cottages’ physical conditions, heating/cooling systems, and hot water systems. Analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the data suggests that many cottages need significant upgrades, and Hope College students could contribute to a greener campus by changing several habits that waste electricity and water. Reviewing studies from other campuses and survey responses from Hope students allowed researchers to generate a list of possible social and administrative initiatives that could help improve students’ energy stewardship. These suggestions include awareness campaigns, residential energy competitions, and making recycling more comprehensive and cohesive across campus. By understanding the need to balance structural modifications and more responsible residential behavior, we can all reduce electricity and water usage and welkome greener actions at Hope College
Assessing the Role of Endophytic Fungi in Canada Wildrye Grass
No full textEndophytes are microbial species that live within a plant asymptomatically. Some fungal endophytes have developed a symbiotic relationship with cool-season grasses. It has been suggested that these symbiotic fungi cooperate in a defensive mutualism with their host grasses by producing alkaloids. The alkaloids deter various types of herbivores. The objective of this study was to determine the level of mutualism present in these relationships, and whether different endophyte isolates influence the level of mutualism. Specifically, we examined the effect these endophytic fungi exert on insect abundance, insect herbivory, and plant growth in Canada Wild Rye (Elymus canadensis), a grass native to North America. Seeds were collected from Carleton College Prairie in Northfield, Minnesota. These seeds consisted of several experimental groups: those naturally uninfected, those naturally infected, and those artificially disinfected with Epichloe canadensis. These groups were studied in both outdoor and indoor laboratory trials. As a bioassay for alkaloid activity, we utilized Bird-Cherry Oat Aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi). In the field experiment, twenty-four plants were assigned to a treatment group, and insects were collected via vacuum sampling. Visual estimates of herbivore damage were performed. In the indoor aphid bioassay, twenty-five plants were assigned to each treatment group and apterous aphids were placed on grasses, and scored for survival and reproductive success. These experiments were performed during 2015 and 2016. In the 2015 bioassay experiment, fewer aphids were present on grasses with endophyte infection. This result was mirrored in the field experiment when feeding by sucking insects was analyzed. In the 2016 bioassay, we found that removal of endophyte from grasses made them more susceptible to aphids. Contrary to our expectations, the presence of endophytic fungi did not enhance plant growth in the field experiment for either year
Electrochemical vs. X-ray Spectroscopic Measurements of NiFe(CN)6 Crystals
No full textPseudocapacitive materials like hexacyanoferrate have greater energy storage capabilities than standard capacitors while maintaining an ability to charge and discharge quickly. By modifying the surface of an electrodeposited nickel thin film with a layer of hexacyanoferrate, we can enhance its electrochemical properties. Charging and discharging these modified films using cyclic voltammetry (CV) allows us to obtain a measurement of the electrochemically active iron in the film. To determine how closely this resembles the full amount of iron in the film, we measure the films’ composition using particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE). We also vary the amount of nickel deposited, both to compare the electrolysis value of charge deposited to the PIXE measurement of nickel in the film, and also to measure how varying the thickness of the nickel surface to which hexacyanoferrate adheres affects the presence of iron in the film. Comparisons of the CV and PIXE measurements show agreement in nickel levels but disagreement in iron levels. PIXE measurements of iron in the film have positive correlation with nickel in the film, possibly because there is more nickel available to be incorporated into the hexacyanoferrate crystal lattice. This correlation between PIXE nickel and PIXE iron measurements suggests that PIXE provides a reliable measure of iron in the film. This in turn implies that a variable proportion of total iron in a given film is electrochemically active