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Amyloid Beta Requires Oligomerization to Limit the Growth of Salmonella enterica
No full textAlzheimer\u27s Disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. In fact, one out of every eight Americans age sixty-five and older will develop the disease. One pathological hallmark associated with AD and other forms of dementia is the over-accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide. This excess of amyloid beta leads to the peptide’s oligomerization, ultimately leading to neuronal loss. While amyloid beta is present at low levels in all humans, its function is a source of great debate. A growing number of reports has demonstrated that amyloid beta has antimicrobial properties. To extend these findings, we tested the hypothesis that amyloid beta exerts antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica (S. enterica). Additionally, our work tested whether 2-amino-4-chlorophenol (2a4cp), a compound that prevents amyloid beta oligomerization, affects the antimicrobial function of the peptide. After treating S. enterica with a range of concentrations (1pM-1μM) of both major isoforms of amyloid beta (1-40 and 1-42), we measured bacterial cell viability with the Alamar Blue assay. Our results revealed that the 1-42 isoform (F=32.91, p\u3c 0.001), but not the 1-40 isoform of amyloid beta, limited bacterial growth. Moreover, 2a4cp co-administration decreased amyloid beta’s ability to limit the growth of S. enterica. Altogether, these findings indicate that amyloid beta oligomers are responsible for the antimicrobial abilities of amyloid beta
Paralyzed Traditions: European Influence on Global Dance
Get PDFAlthough separated by cultural differences, language barriers, and geographic divides, many global dances share similarities in their purpose, style, and movement. Through a cross-examination of different cultural and global dances, one can recognize the innate human similarities that exist within dance as an art form. However, beyond these similarities, one more aspect remains the same among these dances from all over the world: through European influence, many global dances were degraded and therefore disassociated from their revered origins. As Europeans colonized places such as Hawaii, India, and Brazil, they viewed the traditional dances with disdain and fostered a continuous misperception about the greater culture in which these dances resided. Ultimately, many global dances today, while retaining some of their source value, have morphed and adapted due to European intervention, and they will never return to what they once were. This research aims to provide a comparison of global dances and the different ways in which European pressure influenced these cultural traditions
News from Hope College, Volume 49.2: Winter, 2017
Get PDFhttps://digitalcommons.hope.edu/news_from_hope_college/1246/thumbnail.jp
The Anchor, Volume 130.20: March 15, 2017
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
Opus: Fall 2017
Get PDFAn issue of Opus from fall 2017.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/opus_2010s/1010/thumbnail.jp
From Beyond the Stars: Innovation and Inspiration in Meiji Japanese Art, 1868–1912
Get PDFA handout for the exhibition From Beyond the Stars: Innovation and Inspiration in Meiji Japanese Art, 1868-1912, held August 29-December 16, 2017.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1001/thumbnail.jp
The Anchor, Volume 131.11: November 22, 2017
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
Emotional Expression through Linguistics
No full textThere exists a definite connection between the linguistic and psychological worlds. Although the categories of language prove certain limitations, we find ways to express our infinite variety of emotional experiences through these limits. We desire to express ourselves emotionally because ultimately we desire to be known beings. To put our emotions into words, however, is a great and difficult task, but we find a way to express ourselves through language, verbal and nonverbal, to reveal parts of our psyche, as we try to describe and share our emotional experiences. In the present paper I explore and explain why language is important to emotional expression starting in infancy, how it reveals the internal state of an individual, and what all of this implies for individuals who identify as bilingual
Effect of Lithium Treatment on Homocysteic Acid-Induced Manic/Depressive Behaviors in Sprague-Dawley Rats
No full textBipolar disorder is a mood disorder for which the development of new treatments has been hindered by the lack of a reliable animal model. Previous studies in our lab have shown that daily injection of early postnatal rat pups with homocysteic acid (HCA), a homocysteine metabolite, leads to a mixed manic/depressive phenotype in adulthood. These results suggest that early HCA exposure may serve as a good model for bipolar disorder. To test the predictive validity of this model, we sought to determine if treatment of HCA-exposed animals with lithium was effective in reducing mixed manic/depressive behaviors elicited by HCA. As predicted, lithium treatment resulted in diminished manic-like behaviors in the HCA-treated rats and restored spatial learning in the Morris water maze of female, HCA-treated rats. Lithium also increased saccharine preference in female, HCA-treated animals and social activity in male, HCA-treated animals. However, lithium caused a reduction in saccharine preference and social behavior in the saline-treated rats. Finally, to determine if the effects of lithium were reversible, we removed the lithium from the rats’ diet for ten days and repeated the behavioral assessment. Removal of lithium resulted in the re-establishment of manic behavior in the elevated plus maze and a reduction of spatial learning in HCA-treated rats. However, the effects of lithium on the depression-associated behaviors of HCA-treated animals were not reversed, and all animals exhibited a strong increase saccharine preference and social behavior compared to when they were fed lithium. Thus, our results suggest that lithium is effective in treating the manic behavior, spatial learning deficits, anhedonia and reduced social interaction elicited by HCA as hypothesized. Collectively, these data provide further evidence that early postnatal exposure to HCA may serve as model for the mixed manic/depressive phenotype associated with bipolar disorder