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The Effect of Three Different Exercise Prescriptions on Daily Physical Activity
No full textNumerous studies have shown the effectiveness pedometers have on increasing individuals’ daily physical activity (PA) levels. A large part of their effectiveness lies in their ability to monitor daily activity and provide motivation for an individual to exercise. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of various exercise prescriptions (3,000 more steps, 30 min extra per day, or 1500 steps more 2 times daily) on participant’s PA, measured via pedometer. METHODS: Eighteen insufficiently active Hope College students participated and were randomly assigned one of four prescription groups. Groups included an additional 3,000 steps (A), 30 added minutes of PA (B), two bouts of 1500 steps (C), and a no-prescription control group (D). Each participant completed a four-day baseline period recorded by the pedometer. Pre- and post-tests measured weight, height, stride length, resting heart rate and resting blood pressure. The following two weeks included daily logging of data and weekly meetings with investigators to record the pedometer data. RESULTS: A 1x3 repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests analyzed the study’s data. The groups’ average daily steps (including baseline, week one and two) were: A (7290.0 ± 4118.7), B (6505.2 ± 4726.0), C (5665.7 ± 6002.6), and D (8035.5 ± 4932.3). The average daily aerobic steps were: A (1324.9 ± 2502.4), B (1216.0 ± 3657.4), C (387.3 ± 1052.9), and D (1529.6 ± 2742.5). The control group was significantly different between their baseline and 2nd week of prescription (p=0.04). No other comparisons between groups or overall were significant (p\u3e0.05). CONCLUSION: No prescription appeared to significantly increase a person’s daily PA. Prescriptions did keep participants’ daily steps consistent; whereas, the control group significantly decreased in daily PA
Is It Just an ACL Tear?
No full textAs the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear continues to be one of the most predominant injuries within athletics, sports medicine specialists have become fixated on the ACL injury at hand, such that we may be forgetting an array of underlying pathologies, leading to the question, “Is It Just an ACL Tear”? This case study explores several concurrent injuries, as well as follows a collegiate athlete who experienced and ACL injury with an associated Osteochondral Defect (OCD). When the ACL tears, compression between the knee’s articulating surfaces generates a shearing force of the hyaline cartilage, exposing the underlying subchondral bone in 70% - 80% of ACL pathologies. These chondral defects have minimal healing potential due to the lack of vascularity, creating the risk for long term osteoarthritis. Various surgical procedures will be examined through subchondral drilling, abrasion arthroplasty, and in this case an induced microfracture with the goal to restore tissue by stimulating the metabolic healing process. The rehabilitation timeline will be explored in comparison with a general ACL protocol, along with the success rates. Through these shearing forces, meniscal tears coincide with approximately 85% of OCD pathologies and 60% - 70% of ACL tears, while rotational knee instabilities, more specifically a posterolateral instability prevails in about 72% of ACL injuries. Classifications of tears and specific rotational instabilities will be explored, as well as their treatment, rehabilitation, and outcomes. Whether it be an ACL tear, or another common pathology, we cannot assume every injury is the same. Every patient should be treated as a specific individual based on their symptoms rather than an injured body part
What Effect Does Getting One\u27s Information on an Election from Social Media Have on One\u27s Political Knowledge?
No full textWith social media\u27s increasing popularity in the everyday lives of Americans, and the popularity of elections in American society, it is often wondered if there is a connection between social media usage and political knowledge. Relying on a national public opinion survey, this research will examine the degree that getting one\u27s electoral information from social media affects their level of political knowledge
Spring Collections Reveal
Get PDFA table tent advertisement for the Spring Collections Reveal exhibition held April 25-29, 2017. This advertisement was displayed on monitors on Hope College\u27s campus.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1034/thumbnail.jp
Fall 2017 at the KAM, Kruizenga Art Museum
Get PDFA calendar of events poster for the fall 2017 semester.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1027/thumbnail.jp
Before Breaking Bad News: Relationships Among Topic, Reasons for Sharing, Messenger Concerns, and the Reluctance to Share the News
Get PDFMessengers are reluctant to reveal bad news, and this reluctance can hamper effective communication. With this investigation, we explore linkages among the topic of the news, messengers’ reasons for sharing, messenger concerns about sharing, the locus of the news, and whether these variables associate systematically with messenger reluctance to share the news. Retrospective self-reports (n = 330) revealed that bad news occurred in reliable topic categories, which in turn related to reasons for sharing, how extreme the news was perceived to be, and the concerns messengers had before sharing the bad news. Messengers reported more reluctance to share the news when they were also the locus of the news than when they were not, and they felt reluctance was greater when the topic was seen as more extreme. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed
Understanding Noah\u27s Flood
No full textNoah’s Flood was one of the first stories we learned as children. From being the subject of hundreds of Western art pieces to a recent Russell Crowe movie, it has been one of the most popular stories throughout the ages. But, what does it mean? When we look closely at the text, we find Noah’s flood story is a composite of two different flood stories: One from the Jahwist source document and the other from the Priestly. Using the best of modern scholarship to place the stories within their original context, we can understand what they meant to their original audience. My research shows that the Jahwist flood story was both a theological statement about the Israelite God and a familiar story to help the Israelites understand their origins and place in the world. On the other hand, we found the Priestly flood story was a proxy for the diasporatic Israelite people. They saw themselves in the text. They identified with Noah’s struggles and hoped God would remember them too and restore them into a new Israel. Without realizing what these documents each meant in their own contexts to their intended audience, we could never hope to truly understand Noah’s flood. And once we do, this ancient story reaches through the millennia and reveals a facet of truth about ourselves, our world, and our God that we would have otherwise missed
The Effects of Diet on Anxiety in the Prefrontal Cortex
No full textAccording to the Center for Disease Control, obesity is a growing epidemic with more than one third of the U.S. adult population being obese. Moreover, the National Institute of Mental Health reports that anxiety disorders exist in 18% of U.S. adults. Anxiety and obesity are often comorbid with anxiety often being attributed to the social stigma surrounding obesity. Our goal is examine the physiological changes following high fat diets or the development of obesity to determine if these changes may lead to anxiogenic behavior. We utilized male Sprague-Dawley rats to perform both behavioral and biochemical analyses. Following this ad libitum high fat diet treatment, rats underwent anxiety-related tests including the Elevated Plus Maze and the Open Field Test. Western blots were conducted on PFC tissue to explore potential differences in the protein levels of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR-1) following diet manipulation. CRFR-1 receptors play an important role in the stress response and has been found to be altered in obese individuals
PIGE Analysis of Food Contact Papers and Fabrics Containing PFAS
No full textPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are chemical compounds used as powerful, long-lived surfactants in many consumer products. These fluorochemicals are present in stain-resistant and waterproof carpets, fabrics and papers. PFAS coatings have become an area of public concern due to their environmental persistence, ability to bioaccumulate, and suspected human toxicity. A variety of tests have been conducted in order to better understand the relationship between these PFAS coatings and consumer products. PFAS migration studies have been conducted in order to examine the mobility of PFASs in contact with food simulants and condiments. Water contact angle measurements have been obtained on food contact papers to show the relationship between the fluorine concentration and the properties of water on the hydrophobic PFAS coated papers. Additionally, calibration curves of paper and fabric standards have been created in order to convert the fluorine concentrations, determined by PIGE analysis, given in counts of gamma rays per microcoulomb into units of nanograms of fluorine per centimeter squared
Identifying the Expression Patterns of xCT in Zebrafish to Determine its Role in Neuroregeneration
No full textSystem xc− is a heterodimeric amino acid transporter comprised of a transmembrane light chain unit, xCT, and an extracellular heavy chain unit, 4F2HC. System xc− has been shown to exchange intracellular glutamate for extracellular cystine, which is then reduced within the cell to cysteine, the limiting reagent for glutathione production. Glutathione is a reducing agent that is important in reducing oxidative stress, which untreated can trigger cell death due to the oxidation of DNA, RNA, and proteins. It has been shown that the protein xCT is strongly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in neuroprotective cells such as astrocytes and microglia. It is believed that reduction of oxidative stress in the environment of neurons and neuroprotective cells is critical to allow new neurons to be produced in processes such as neuroregeneration. The current focus of the study is to qualitatively determine the expression patterns of the xCT gene in zebrafish embryos using in situ hybridization. This will allow us to later identify the role that xCT plays in neuroregeneration in vivo